Current Challenges with their Evolving Solutions in Surgical Practice in West Africa

Lise

Description

Worldwide, there is a plethora of study materials in the form of authoritative review articles on disease entities afflicting the Western world but relatively few publications exploring similar problems confronting the developing countries, where resource limitation adds an extra dimension to the challenges facing the clinician. The contributions in this Reader address common surgical challenges and what measures have evolved to countenance these problems. This therefore addresses �Current Surgical Practice�, placing emphasis on the principles underlying the consensus opinions prevailing in surgical management. The approach is practical, avoiding the minutiae of procedures for which appropriate references detailing such information are provided. The contributions have come from a broad suave of critical management problems in the salient fi elds of surgery. Regrettably some urgent areas of public interest are not covered but it is clear that this volume represents the beginning of a process, yea, the initiation of an epoch of Recent Advances in Surgical Practice; we are confi dent that such yawning gaps in coverage would soon be made good by subsequent developments, stimulated by issuance of this publication.

Informations

• Publié par: Sub-Saharan Publishers
• Date de parution: 29 décembre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789988860288
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

Extrait

Current Challenges with their
Evolving Solutions
in Surgical Practice
in West Africa
A Reader
Editors
E.Q. Archampong
V.A. Essuman
J.C.B. Dakubo
J.N Clegg-Lamptey
DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA MEDICAL SCHOOL
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA READERS
CLINICAL SCIENCES SERIES NO. 1
current_challenges.indd i 21/11/13 14.44First published in Ghana 2013 for THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA
by Sub-Saharan Publishers
P.O.Box 358
Legon-Accra
Ghana
Email: [e-mail]
© University of Ghana, 2013,
P.O.Box LG 25
Legon- Accra
Ghana
Tel: [phone]
website:http://www.ug.edu.gh
ISBN: 978-9988-647-39-1978-9988-8602-2-6
Editorial Board:
Prof.(Emerita) Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu
Prof. Ama de-Graft Aikins
Prof. Kwadwo Ansah Koram
Prof. C. Charles Mate-Kole
Clinical Sciences Series Editor:
Pr
Copyright Notice
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the University
of Ghana or the publishers.
All Rights Reserved.Contents
Foreword vii
Ernest Aryeetey
Preface ix
E.Q. Archampong
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Department of Surgery Profi le 1
J. N. Clegg-Lamptey
Chapter 2 The World through the Child’s Eyes – The 5
Journey Towards Elimination of Childhood
Blindness in Ghana – The Korle-Bu
Experience.
V. A. Essuman
Chapter 3 Current Global Developments in Breast 19
Cancer and Management in Ghana
J. N. Clegg-Lamptey and V. Vanderpuye
Chapter 4 Benign and Premalignant Breast Disease 37
F. Dedey
Chapter 5 Acute Appendicitis 51
S.B. Naaeder, J.N. Clegg-Lamptey and
J.C.B. Dakubo
Chapter 6 Peptic Ulcer Disease 62
E. Q. Archampong
Chapter 7 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST) 75
B. Baako
Chapter 8 Malignant Gastric Neoplasms: Hope for the 81
Future
N.A. Adu-Aryee
Chapter 9 Management of Upper Gastrointestinal 88
Bleeding
E. Q. Archampong.
•iii•
current_challenges.indd iii 21/11/13 14.44Contents
Chapter 10 Cancer of the Colon and Rectum 104
S.B. Naaeder and J.C.B. Dakubo
Chapter 11 Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding 117
E. Q. Archampong
Chapter 12 Obstruction of the Biliary Tract 132
R. Darko
Chapter 13 Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction 148
M. Y. Kyei
Chapter 14 The History, Development and Future 165
of the Cardiothoracic Unit, Department
of Surgery, College of Health Sciences,
University of Ghana.
K. Frimpong-Boateng
Chapter 15 Management of Oesophageal Atresia in a 182
Developing Country like Ghana
W. Appeadu-Mensah
Chapter 16 Outcome of Treatment of Clubfoot at the 194
Korle Bu Orthopaedic Unit Using the
Ponseti Method
A. K. Bandoh, A.O. Addo, M. Segbefi a
Chapter 17 Noise Pollution at Work Place and Health 207
Implications
E.D. Kitcher
Chapter 18 Conclusion 212
E.Q. Archampong
Index 216
•iv•
current_challenges.indd iv 21/11/13 14.44List of Tables
Table 2.1 Service Delivery - Yearly Summary of Top Seven
New Diseases (CFECC- KORLE BU) 10
Table 6.1 Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens 73
Table 9.I Causes of Upper GI Haemorrage in Accra 89
Table 9.2 Symptoms on Presentation 90
Table 11.1 Aetiological Factors in LGIB 118
Table 11.2 Symptomatology in LGIB 119
Catterall/Pirani (Normal:0 points; most abnormal:
1.0 points) 196
Table 16.1 Correlation coeffi cients of Pirani scores and duration
of treatment 201
Table 16.2 Overall means changes in scores between male and
female 202
Table 16.3 Summary of number of casts 203
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Project area 7
Figure 2.2: Children’s play area at the CFECC, KBTH. 9
Figure 2.3: Out-patient attendance at the CFECC, KBTH 10
Figure 2.4: Some causes of Childhood Blindness at the CFECC, KBTH 11
A- Bilateral Congenital Cataract – opacity of the lens 11
B- Congenital Glaucoma 11
C - Retinoblastoma – Cancer of the retina 11
D- Ophthalmia neonatorum 11
Figure 2.5: Surgeries performed at the CFECC, KBTH. 12
Figure 2.6: Keep our children’s eyes healthy, for they are our future. 17
Figure 3.1: Locally advanced breast cancer. This patient requires
neoadjuvant chemotherapy 27
(7)Figure 4.1: Algorithm for the management of suspected cysts 43
Figure 5.1: Appendicectomy being done for acute appendicitis 58
Figure 7.1: Surgically excised large GIST of the stomach 78
Figure 8.1: Advanced gastric cancer observed at gastroscopy 83
•v•
current_challenges.indd v 21/11/13 14.44Figure 10.1: Low rectal cancer visualized at endoscopy 110
Figure 11.1: Algorithm for management of acute lower GI Bleeding 121
Figure 12.1: CT Scan showing Intrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation 139
Figure 12.2: Carcinoma of the head of pancreas with the bile duct
stented 144
Figure 13.1: Bulbar urethral stricture shown in a urethrogram
(Arrow head) 151
Figure 13.2: A patient with urethral catheter in situ for acute
retention of urine 155
Figure 13.3 A patient with haematuria due to BPH 156
Figure 13.4: A radical prostatectomy specimen of the prostate and
attached seminal vesicles 158
Figure 15.1: The tip of a nasogastric tube with Radio-opaque
material arrested in the upper Chest. (arrow head) 187
Figure 16.1: Relationship between total score and duration of
treatment within fi rst 6 weeks 200
Figure 16.2:
treatment for 10 weeks 200
Figure 16.3: e and duration of
treatment for 16 weeks 201
Figure 16.4: Correlation between Pirani scores and duration of
treatment for males and females 202
Figure 16.5: Distribution of mean Pirani score of all patients 203
•vi•
current_challenges.indd vi 21/11/13 14.44Foreword
The University of Ghana is celebrating sixty-fi ve years of its founding
this year. In all those years, lecturers and researchers of the university
have contributed in quite signifi cant ways to the development of
thought and in the analyses of critical issues for Ghanaian and African
societies. The celebration of the anniversary provides an appropriate
opportunity for a refl ection on the contributions that Legon academics
have made to the intellectual development of Ghana and Africa. That
is the aim of the University of Ghana Readers Project.
In the early years of the University, all the material that was used
to teach students came largely from the United Kingdom and other
parts of Europe. Most of the thinking in all disciplines was largely
Eurocentric. The material that was used to teach students was mainly
European, as indeed were many of the academics teaching the students.
The norms and standards against which students were assessed were
infl uenced largely by European values. The discussions that took place
in seminar and lecture rooms were driven largely by what Africa could
learn from Europe.
The 1960s saw a major ‘revisionism’ in African intellectual
development as young African academics began to question received
ideas against a backdrop of changing global attitudes in the wake of
political independence. Much serious writing was done by African
academics as their contribution to the search for new ways of organizing
their societies. African intellectuals contributed to global debates
in their own right and sometimes developed their own material for
engaging with their students and the wider society.
Since the late 1970s universities in the region and their academics
have struggled to make their voices heard in national and global
debates. Against a new backdrop of economic stagnation and political
disarray, many of the ideas for managing their economies and societies
have come from outside. These ideas have often come with signifi cant
fi nancial backing channelled through international organizations and
governments. During the period, African governments saw themselves
as having no reason to expect or ask for any intellectual contribution
from their own academics. This was very much the case in Ghana.
•vii•
current_challenges.indd vii 21/11/13 14.44Foreword
The story is beginning to change in universities in many African
countries. The University of Ghana Readers Project is an attempt to
document the different ideas and debates that have infl uenced various
disciplines over many years through collections of short essays and
articles. They show the work of Legon academics and their
collaborators in various disciplines as they have sought to introduce their
research communities and students to new ideas. Our expectation is
that this will mark a new beginning of solid engagement between Legon
and other academics as they document their thoughts and
contributions to the continuing search for new ideas to shape our world.
We gratefully acknowledge a generous grant from the Carnegie
Corporation of New York that has made the publication of this series
of Readers possible.
Ernest A