Flows and Practices

Description

For the past two decades, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been the dominant paradigm in water resources. This book explores how ideas of IWRM are being translated and adapted in Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Grounded in social science theory and research, it highlights the importance of politics, history and culture in shaping water management practices and reform, and demonstrates how Africa has clearly been a laboratory for IWRM. While a new cadre of professionals made IWRM their mission, we show that poor women and men may not have always benefitted. In some cases IWRM has also offered a distraction from more critical issues such as water and land grabs, privatisation, the negative impacts of water permits, and a range of institutional ambiguities that prevent water allocations to small and poor water users. By critically examining the interpretations and challenges of IWRM, the book contributes to improving water policies and practices and making them more locally appropriate in Africa and beyond.

Informations

• Publié par: Weaver Press
• Date de parution: 19 mai 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781779223203
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 26 Mo

Extrait

Flows and PracticesFlows and Practices:
The Politics of Integrated Water
Resources Management
in Eastern and Southern Africa
Edited
by
Lyla Mehta, Bill Derman and
Emmanuel ManzunguPublished by Weaver Press, Box A1922,
Avondale, Harare. 2017
<www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com>
© This compilation, the editors.
© Each individual chapter, the authors, 2017.
All the chapters in this book were frst published by
Water Alternatives: 9:3
<www.water-alternatives.org>
and reproduced here with their permission.
Typeset by Weaver Press, Harare, Zimbabwe
Cover Design by Danes Design, Harare, Zimbabwe
Front cover photograph © Kristi Denby
Back cover photograph © Barbara van Koppen
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Clays Ltd, St Ives, plc.
All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means – electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise – without the express
written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-77922-314-2
ivContents
1 Introduction – Flows and Practices: The Politics of Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Eastern and
Southern Africa – Lyla Mehta, Synne Movik, Alex Bolding,
Bill Derman and Emmanuel Manzungu 1
2. The Birth and Spread of IWRM – A Case Study of Global
Policy Diffusion and Translation – Jeremy Allouche 30
3. The Flow of IWRM in SADC: The Role of Regional
Dynamics, Advocacy Networks and External Actors –
Synne Movik, Lyla Mehta and Emmanuel Manzungu 57
4. Emergence, Interpretations and Translations of IWRM in
South Africa – Synne Movik, Lyla Mehta,
Barbara van Koppen and Kristi Denby 85
5. The ‘Trickle Down’ of IWRM: A Case Study of Local-Level
Realities in the Inkomati Water Management Area, South
Africa – Kristi Denby, Synne Movik, Lyla Mehta and
Barbara van Koppen 107
6. Surges and Ebbs: National Politics and International
Infuence in the Formulation and Implementation of
IWRM in Zimbabwe – Emmanuel Manzungu
and Bill Derman 132
7. The Complex Politics of Water and Power in Zimbabwe:
IWRM in the Catchment Councils of Manyame, Mazowe
and Sanyati (1993-2001) – Bill Derman
and Emmanuel Manzungu 157
8. Land, Farming and IWRM: A Case Study of the Middle
Manyame Sub-Catchment – Takunda Hove, Bill Derman
180
9. IWRM Avant la Lettre? Four Key Episodes in the Policy
Articulation of IWRM in Downstream Mozambique –
Rossella Alba and Alex Bolding 202
10. The Politics of Water Payments and Stakeholder
Participation in the Limpopo River Basin, Mozambique
– Rossella Alba, Alex Bolding and Raphaëlle Ducrot 227
v11. Winners and Losers of IWRM in Tanzania –
Barbara van Koppen, Andrew K.P. R. Tarimo,
Aurelia van Eeden, Emmanuel Manzungu and
Philip Mathew Sumuni 251
12. Whose Waters? Large-Scale Agricultural Development
and Water Grabbing in the Wami-Ruvu River Basin,
Tanzania – Aurelia van Eeden, Lyla Mehta and
Barbara van Koppen 277
13. IWRM in Uganda – Progress after Decades of
Implementation – Alan Nicol and William Odinga 301
14. Refections on the Formulation and Implementation
of IWRM in Southern Africa from a Gender Perspective
– Bill Derman, and Preetha Prabhakaran 322
15. Viewpoint – IWRM and I: A Refexive Travelogue of the
Flows and Practices Research Team – Alex Bolding and
Rossella Alba 345
viContributors
Rossella Alba
Governance and Sustainability Lab, Trier University, Trier, Germany;
<[e-mail]>
Jeremy Allouche
Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK;
<[e-mail]>
Alex Bolding
Water Resources Management group, Wageningen University, Wageningen,
The Netherlands; <[e-mail]>
Bill Derman
Norwegian University of the Life Sciences, Department of International
Environment and Development Studies, Aas, Norway;
<[e-mail]>
Kristi Denby
Department of Environment and Development Studies (Noragric),
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway;
<[e-mail]>
Raphaëlle Ducrot
CIRAD, Département Environnement et Sociétés, UMR G-EAU, Montpellier,
France; and IWEGA, Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal,
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique;
<raphaele.ducrot@cirad>
Takunda Hove
Ateg Resources Environmental Consultants, Harare, Zimbabwe;
<[e-mail]>
Emmanuel Manzungu
University of Zimbabwe, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural
Engineering, Harare, Zimbabwe; <[e-mail]>
Lyla Mehta
Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK;
and Department of Environment and Development Studies (Noragric),
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway;
<[e-mail]>
viiSynne Movik
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Norwegian University of Life
Sciences; <[e-mail]>
Alan Nicol
International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia Offce, Addis Ababa
(at the time of the project); GWI East Africa, CARE <[e-mail]>
William Odinga
Uganda Science Journalists Association, Kampala, Uganda;
<[e-mail]>
Preetha Prabhakaran
Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK;
<[e-mail]>
Philip Mathew Sumuni
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania;
<[e-mail]>
Andrew K.P.R. Tarimoanzania;
<[e-mail]>
Aurelia van Eeden
Dept of Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway; <[e-mail]>
Barbara van Koppen
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa
Regional Programme, South Africa; <[e-mail]>
viiiAcknowledgements and preface

This book presents fndings of the Research Council of Norway-funded
project 'Flows and Practices: The Politics of Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) in Africa'. We are grateful to the Research Council of
Norway for their generous fnancial support. All the chapters in this book
were frst published by Water Alternatives: 9:3 <www.water-alternatives.
org> and reproduced here with their permission. For that we are grateful
to the managing editors, especially François Molle.
At Weaver Press, we thank Irene Staunton and Murray McCartney for
their patience and support. We also thank all the members of the Flows
and Practices project for their hard work, patience and commitment during
the research and publication process and all the countless people across
eastern and southern Africa and beyond whom we interviewed and who
shared their knowledge and insights with us. We acknowledge the support
received from our institutions the Department of Environment and
Development Studies (Noragric) at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
the Institute of Development Studies, UK and the University of Zimbabwe.
Finally, we thank Kristi Denby for her outstanding research assistance
throughout the process and her substantial help with putting this volume
together.
We dedicate the volume to the invisible users and managers of water as
well as the smallholder farmers of southern and eastern Africa whose voice
and rights are too often missed in offcial water management policies and
discourses.

Lyla Mehta, Bill Derman and Emmanuel Manzungu

Brighton, Oslo and Harare
April 2017

ix1
Introduction – Flows and Practices:
The Politics of Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) in Eastern and
1Southern Africa
Lyla Mehta
Synne Movik
Alex Bolding
Bill Derman
Emmanuel Manzungu
ABSTRACT: For the past two decades, IWRM has been actively promoted by water
experts as well as multilateral and bilateral donors who have considered it to be a
crucial way to address global water management problems. IWRM has been incorporated
into water laws, reforms and policies of southern African nations. This chapter
provides a conceptual framework to study: the flow of IWRM as an idea; its translation
and articulation into new policies, institutions and allocation mechanisms, and the
resulting practices and effects across multiple scales – global, regional, national and
local. The empirical findings of the complexities of articulation and implementation
of IWRM in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda form the
core of this book. We demonstrate how Africa has been a laboratory for IWRM
experiments, while donors as well as a new cadre of water professionals and students have
made IWRM their mission. The case studies reveal that IWRM may have resulted in
an unwarranted policy focus on managing water instead of enlarging poor women’s
and men’s access to water. The newly created institutional arrangements ten