Education for Development or Underdevelopment?

M.K. Bacchus

Sujets

• Education

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 01 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 5
• EAN13: 9780889203853
• Langue: English

Extrait

How critical is education in the development struggle of a Third World country? Responding to popular demands for more accessible education, the Guyanese government instituted numerous educational reforms, hoping to promote economic growth in both the modern and the traditional sectors of the economy. Many in the traditional sector, however, saw education as a means of economic advancement, and sought increasingly to move into higher social strata through employment in the modern sector. Consequently, the civil service and private firms gained an oversupply of personnel, while agriculture and small business suffered, and unemployment increased. The author examines Guyana s educational system from historical, political, social, and economic perspectives, and draws implications for other developing countries.
M. K. Bacchus is Professor of Sociology of Education at the University of Alberta, specializing in education and Third World development. He has held important teaching and administrative positions in England, Guyana, the West Indies, and the United States. His numerous publications on education and the Third World include Education and Sociocultural Integration, published by the Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University. He holds the Ph.D. degree from the University of London.
Development Perspectives
EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT OR UNDERDEVELOPMENT?
Development Perspectives is edited from the Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada and sponsored by the Canadian Interuniversity Consortium for Publication on International Development (Association Interuniversitaire Canadienne: Publication sur le D veloppement Internationale). The purpose of the series is to publish without regard for disciplinary boundaries research work, conducted in Canadian universities or by Canadians in other organizations, on the problems of development in third world countries. The primary focus will be on works that contribute to our general understanding of the process of development. Books in the series will be published in either French or English.
Consortium Members
Institut de la Coop ration Internationale, Universit d Ottawa
Third World Studies Co-Ordinating Committee, International Studies Programme, University of Toronto
Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University
University of Western Ontario
Co-ordinating Editor: Rosalind E. Boyd
1. Stanley R. Barrett, The Rise and Fall of an African Utopia: A Wealthy Theocracy in Comparative Perspective
2. M. K. Bacchus, Education for Development or Underdevelopment? Guyana s Educational System and its Implications for the Third World
EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT OR UNDERDEVELOPMENT?
Guyana s Educational System 1and its Implications for the Third World
M. K. Bacchus
DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2
Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Bacchus, M. K.
Education for development or underdevelopment?
(Development perspectives ; 2) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-88920-084-X bd. ISBN 0-88920-085-8 pa.
1. Education - Guyana. 2. Underdeveloped areas - Education - Case studies. 3. Guyana - Economic conditions. 4. Guyana - Social conditions. I. Title. II. Series.
LA576.B32 370 .9881 C80-094733-9
Copyright 1980
Wilfrid Laurier University Press Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
80 81 82 83 4 3 2 1
No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers.
Cover Design: Michael Baldwin MSIAD
To my wife Shamie and my children Narry, Zeeda and Fahiem who had to put up with my constant absence from home during the collection of the data for this book-a period which lasted far too many years
Contents
List of Tables and Charts
Preface
1. Historical Introduction to Guyanese Society
2. Post-1945 Developments in Guyana
3. Primary Education
4. Teacher Education
5. Secondary Education
6. Post-Secondary and Technical Education
7. Expenditure on Education
8. Conclusion
Bibliography
List of Tables and Charts
Tables
1. Production of Sugar, Coffee, and Cotton in Guyana, 1814-1833
2. Number of Contract Immigrants Arriving in British Guiana after 1834
3. Expenditure on the Police Force Compared with Expenditure on Education in Guyana, 1851-1938
4. Ethnicity of Employees by Occupational Levels in Guyana Prior to Self-Government
5. Industrial Origin of G.D.P. at Current Factor-Cost in Millions (Guyanese) in 1972
6. Per Capita G.D.P. at Constant (1971) Prices between 1960 and 1972
7. Percentage of the Labour Force Employed in Different Industries between 1946 and 1970
8. Main Occupations of Persons in Employment in Guyana in 1965
9. Increases in Population, Labour Force, and Total Employed Population between 1946 and 1970
10. Unemployment in the Different Sectors of the Economy in 1956 and 1965
11. Percentage Distribution of the Experienced Unemployed by Usual Occupational Group, 1965
12. Number of Vacancies and Unemployed Persons by Occupational Level in Guyana in 1965
13. Primary Education in the West Indies, 1937
14. Age Structure of the Primary School Population in Guyana, 1945.
15. Involvement Ratios of Pupils in Primary Schools (Government and Government-aided) in Guyana in 1973
16. Number of Pupils Enrolled in Primary Schools in Guyana and Average Attendance, 1946 to 1972
17. Number of Entries for the Secondary Schools Entrance Examination, 1945 to 1974
18. Percentage of Development Budget Spent on Primary Schools, 1945 to 1972
19. Percentage of Trained Teachers in Guyana, 1945-1957
20. Percentage of Trained Teachers in Primary Schools in the West Indies in 1957
21. Output from the Government Training College, 1965-1973
22. Output of Trained Teachers from the In-Service Training Programme, 1963-64 to 1971-73
23. Numbers and Percentage of Trained Teachers and Pupil/Teacher Ratio in the Primary Schools of Guyana, 1948-1973
24. Comparison of Increase in Enrolment in Primary and Secondary Schools, 1945 to 1960
25. Increase in Secondary School Enrolment, 1960 to 1973
26. Distribution of Government and Government-Aided Secondary Schools in Guyana in 1972 by Educational District
27. Number and Percentage of Graduates in the Aided Secondary Schools between 1958 and 1972
28. Comparison of Staff by Graduate Status in the Older and Newer Government Secondary Schools, 1964 to 1972
29. Comparison of the Performance of Pupils from the Two Older as against the Newer Government Secondary Schools at the G.C.E. O Level Examinations, June 1973
30. Percentage of Passes at G.C.E. O Level Examination among Pupils Attending the Elite and Non-Elite Secondary Schools, June 1973
31. Comparison of the Performance of Pupils in the Elite Schools with All Other Candidates Who Wrote the G.C.E. O Level Examination, June 1972
32. Ethnic Composition of Pupils in Four Secondary Schools in Guyana, 1968
33. Socio-economic Background of Parents and Free Place Winners to the Elite Secondary Schools, 1962 and 1963
34. Entries for Classical vs. Science Subjects by Queen s College Students at the School Certificate Examination, 1933 to 1956
35. Total Number of Entries by Subject Groups for the G.C.E. O Level Examinations Held in Guyana in 1972
36. Fields of Study Pursued by Guyana Scholars between 1939 and 1954
37. Likely Career Patterns and Salaries of Equally Qualified Secondary School Graduates Entering the Administrative and the Technical Branch of the Civil Service
38. Number and Percentage of G.T.I. Students Undertaking Preliminary Craft Courses
39. Distribution of Enrolment at the G.T.I. and N.A.T.I. by Areas of Training between 1961-62 and 1972-73
40. Maximum Annual Salaries of Craftsmen Compared with Salaries of Lower Level White-Collar Jobs in Government Service, 1973
41. Students Completing Courses at the Guyana School of Agriculture, 1965 to 1973
42. Employment of Certificate and Diploma Holders of the Guyana School of Agriculture, 1965 to 1973
43. Guyanese Students Enrolled at the University of the West Indies, 1948 to 1965
44. Enrolment of Degree Students at the University of Guyana, 1963 to 1972
45. Dropout Rate by Percentage of Degree Level Students from the University of Guyana, 1963-64 to 1970-71
46. Educational Expenditure in Guyana as a Percentage of the Total Government Recurrent Budget, 1945 to 1972, in (G)
47. Recurrent Budget for Education (Excluding University Education) as a Percentage of National Income, 1948 to 1960
48. Expenditure (Capital and Recurrent) on Education as a Percentage of G.D.P., 1965 to 1972
49. Percentage Distribution of the Recurrent Budget for Education, 1945 to 1979
50. Percentage Distribution of Allocation for and Expenditure on Capital Projects in Education
51. Capital Expenditure on Education, 1966 to 1972
Charts
1. Relationship between Primary and Secondary Schools in 1945
2. Progress up the Educational Ladder in the Primary and the Secondary Schools in Guyana, 1973
3. Rise in Educational Expenditure by Government Compared with Rise in Total Government Recurrent Budget, Guyana, 1945-1974
4. Increase in Percentage of Government Recurrent Budget Spent on Education, 1945-1974
Preface
The objectives of this study are threefold: (1) to describe and analyze recent changes and developments which took place in the educational system of a third worl