Map Worlds

Will C. Van Den Hoonaard

Description

Map Worlds plots a journey of discovery through the world of women map-makers from the golden age of cartography in the sixteenth-century Low Countries to tactile maps in contemporary Brazil. Author Will C. van den Hoonaard examines the history of women in the profession, sets out the situation of women in technical fields and cartography-related organizations, and outlines the challenges they face in their careers. Map Worlds explores women as colourists in early times, describes the major houses of cartographic production, and delves into the economic function of intermarriages among cartographic houses and families. It relates how in later centuries, working from the margins, women produced maps to record painful tribal memories or sought to remedy social injustices. Much later, one woman so changed the way we think about continents that the shift has been likened to the Copernican revolution. Other women created order and wonder about the lunar landscape, and still others turned the art and science of making maps inside out, exposing the hidden, unconscious, and subliminal “text” of maps. Shared by all these map-makers are themes of social justice and making maps work for the betterment of humanity.

Sujets

• Geography
• Women's studies
• Gender studies

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 21 septembre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781554589340
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Map Worlds
Map Worlds
A HISTORY OF WOMEN IN CARTOGRAPHY
WILL C. VAN DEN HOONAARD
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities.

LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION
Van den Hoonaard, Will C. (Willy Carl), 1942-, author
Map worlds : a history of women in cartography / W.C. van den Hoonaard.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-55458-932-6 (bound)- ISBN 978-1-55458-933-3 (pdf). -
ISBN 978-1-55458-934-0 (epub)
1. Women cartographers-History. 2. Cartography-History. I. Title.
GA203.V35 2013 526.082 C2013-903608-3 C2013-903609-1
Cover design by Sandra Friesen. Front-cover image: detail of Prima pars Brabantiae cuius caput Lovanium (Amsterdam, 1650), by W. Blaeu. Image provided by Antiquariat Reinhold Berg, www.alte-landkarten.de . Text design by Sandra Friesen.
2013 Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
www.wlupress.wlu.ca
This book is printed on FSC recycled paper and is certified Ecologo. It is made from 100% post-consumer fibre, processed chlorine free, and manufactured using biogas energy.
Printed in Canada
Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher s attention will be corrected in future printings.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit http://www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777.
Dedicated to Lisa-Jo van den Scott L. Cheryl Power Jordan (Jay) van den Hoonaard
Contents
LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, AND CHARTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1 Introduction: The Strands through Map Worlds
2 Who Is a Cartographer?
3 The Thirteenth to Seventeenth Centuries
4 The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries (1666 to 1850)
5 Cartography from the Margins: From the Early Twentieth Century to World War II
6 Mid- to Late-Twentieth-Century Pioneers and Advancers in North America
7 Late-Twentieth-Century Pioneers and Advancers in Europe, Asia, and Latin America
8 Getting There without Aiming at It : Women s Experiences in Becoming Cartographers
9 We Are Good Ghosts! : Orientations and Expectations of Women Cartographers
10 Educational Opportunities and Obstacles
11 The Gendered Social Organization
12 Female Pathways through the Present-Day Map World
13 Gender Shifts
APPENDICES
A Methodology
B Topics Covered in an In-Depth Interview
C Overview of Twenty-Eight Women Pioneers in Cartography
NOTES
REFERENCES
COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INDEX
List of Figures, Tables, and Charts
Fig. 3.1
Herrade of Hohenbourg
Fig. 3.2
Ebstorf Map
Fig. 3.3
The Engravers Map Atelier
Fig. 4.1
Embroidered Map of New York
Fig. 4.2
Finishing Room
Fig. 4.3
Founder s Room
Fig. 4.4
Composing Room
Fig. 4.5
Map Seller s Shop
Fig. 4.6
Rocque Title Page
Fig. 4.7
Globe by Elizabeth Mount
Fig. 4.8
Colban Map
Fig. 4.9
Perspective Map of Kabelv g by Colban
Fig. 4.10
Church of V gan
Fig. 4.11
Portrait of Shanawdithit, Newfoundland
Fig. 4.12
One of Shanawdithit s maps: Red Indian Lake, Newfoundland
Fig. 5.1
Thematic Map Created by Kelley
Fig. 5.2
Photo of Mina Hubbard in Labrador
Fig. 5.3
The Official Lunar Map for the International Astronomical Union by Mary A. Blagg
Fig. 6.1
Marie Tharpe
Fig. 6.2
Ocean Map by Marie Tharp
Table 6.1
Membership in Selected Cartographic Organizations, 1987
Fig. 7.1
Photo of Regina de Almeida
Table 11.1
The Participation of Women Cartographers in Cartography and Related Fields
Table 11.2
Gender Composition of Selected Events at ICA 2011
Table 11.3
Chairs of ICA Commissions, by Gender, 1999-2011
Table 11.4
Map Librarians, Archivists, and Related Positions by Proportions of Gender, 1993
Table 12.1
Characteristics of Members of the Pathways through (In)equality
Table 12.2
Percentage of Active Women in the Surveying and Mapping World at All Educational Levels: The World by Regions, 1980 and 1990
Table 12.3
Gender Composition of Cartographers at ICA 2011
Table 12.4
Occupational Niches of Women Cartographers, Surveyors, and GIS Staff in Developed and Developing Countries, 1995
Table A.1
Source Regions of (Near) Contemporary Women Vignettes and Interview Participants, 1999-2012
Preface
Map Worlds plots a journey of discovery through the world of women map-makers. The journey starts in the golden age of cartography in the sixteenth-century Low Lands and ends with tactile maps in contemporary Brazil. As developers of resources that allowed early map ateliers to flourish through marital liaisons, women had an unmistakable role. Others, working from the margins, produced maps to record painful tribal memories or sought to remedy social injustices in the nineteenth century. In contemporary times, one woman produced a revolution in the way we think about continents, likened to the Copernican revolution. Still others created order and wonder about the lunar landscape, while others turned the art and science of making maps inside out, exposing the hidden, unconscious, and subliminal text of maps. Promoting social justice and making maps work for the betterment of humanity are goals shared by all these outstanding map-makers.
The enthusiasm for the topic grew from my meeting Dr. Eva Siekierska of Ottawa in 1993. During a coffee break at a committee meeting (unrelated to cartography), she told me about her excitement at chairing the International Cartographic Association s newly established Commission on Gender and Cartography. Her enthusiasm aroused my curiosity about the connection between gender and cartography, and for four years thereafter, I reflected on its significance as a topic of research, especially as I am an active promoter of the equality of women and men. During these four years, I sought to understand maps as hegemonic devices constructed by makers of maps, trying to see patterns in city maps, for example, that pushed women and children to the margins either by ignoring them altogether in maps or representing them in secondary ways (van den Hoonaard, 1994).
By 2003, I had finished the first draft of Map Worlds. Writing across disciplines is never an easy task, as my book manuscript vividly demonstrated. Diligent reviewers critiqued the draft and offered many suggestions to improve it. With other writing projects on the go, I had to forsake attempts to improve the book manuscript until much later. When I was elected Chair of the Historical Cartography Interest Group of the Canadian Cartographic Association in 2008, I decided to rewrite the book entirely. In that connection, I began assembling some new material, first to be published in the Association s newsletter, Cartouche , and then to be incorporated into a greatly revised book manuscript.
The next phase reinforced a new approach: one-third of the book would highlight the twenty-eight women pioneers in cartography, both dead and living. This particular emphasis produced a round of correspondence and emails with those who knew the women who had died and with those who were the subject of the vignettes themselves.
Acknowledgements
A major portion of the research would have remained a pie in the sky if it were not for the nearly seventy interview participants who offered me a portion of their very busy schedules. I cannot mention most of their names in light of the anonymity they were entitled to in this research, but they may recognize their story.
Foremost among those I wish to recognize are Dr. Eva Siekierska, the first Chair of the Commission of Gender and Cartography of the International Cartographic Association; Dr. Monica Rieger of the University of Calgary; Dr. Susan Nichols of the University of New Brunswick; and Dr. Suzan Ilcan of the University of Windsor. Dr. Janice Monk has been an unfailing guide and help in my work. I should especially mention Dr. Alberta Auringer Wood (formerly at Memorial University in Newfoundland and Labrador), whose support for my research has been unfailing, uncompromising, and untiring throughout all fifteen years of my research and writing. I should not omit mentioning Dr. Cliff Wood, the gentle scholarly giant in cartography.
I owe a particular debt to Dr. John McLaughlin, President Emeritus of the University of New Brunswick; Ms. Alice Hudson at the New York Public Library; Ms. Joanne M. Perry of the University of Pennsylvania; Ms. Mary Ritzlin of Ritzlin Maps; Ms. Elizabeth Hamilton of the University of New Brunswick; and Dr. Judith Tyner of California State University-Long Beach. I