shamanist music and buddhist music

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• Publié par: opakito
• Nombre de lectures: 294
• Langue: English

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Ⅴ . Shamanist Music and Buddhist Music Shamanism is regarded to have ro ots o lder than any other relig ions in K orea . Korean shaman rituals h ave been held to pro m o t e t he well being and p ro speri ty of individual homes a nd village people, or f or the benefit of a dead p erson's s ou l. Shaman r ituals are performed w ith s on gs and dances as w ell as t heatr ical an d acro batic action s by shaman s, called mudan g ( 巫堂 ). No t o nly t he stru ctur e o f t he ritu al bu t a lso the s tyles of m u s ic an d dan ce v a ry dependin g o n region and it h as largely t he same style a s t he secular f olk s on gs of that reg ion. The main body of shamanic mu sic con sists of chan t s an d the instru mental parts p erformed by ensembles, usu a lly a s a n accompaniment t o shaman ic dances. The influen ce o f sham an ic music a nd dance on o ther genres of m u sic h as been con s iderable. So m e o f s haman music has been chang ed into f o l k s o ngs, f or example, chang bu-tar yeong ( 倡夫打 令 , lit., Male Shaman So ng) an d Nor aetgarak (li t., 1)Sing ing Melody) of the Seoul area. Sinawi and s alpur i are a lso the s ecu l ar ized or refined f o rms of music an d dance w ith s hamanic roo ts. Buddhism h as been integrated in to the K o rean p eo ple's l ife s ince its in t ro duction t o K orea in t he late 4th centu ry A.D . fr om Chin a. Especially since Bu ddhism w ast he state religion u n der Go ryeo, Buddhist music would h ave f lo urished a t t his time, althou gh n ot v ery many recor ds are av ailable. If the Buddhist r itual is a big o n e, l ike yeo ngsan-jae( 靈山 齋 ), a r epresen t ation of the Buddhist c eremon ial rite h ono ring Sakyamuni Buddha's T eaching a t t he Sac red Mo un tian, it includes Buddhist dan ce, called j akbeop ( 作法 ), the outdoo r ban d , called jorachi, an d Bu ddhist chant. Buddhist c hant is classified in to thr ee gen res: Yeo m bul ( 念佛 in vocatio n), Hwacheon g ( 和請 ) and Beompae ( 梵唄 ) . T he su tra t ype, Yeombu l, is called anchaebi-sor i, literally mean ing " indoo r chant" and t he Beompae t he bakk achaebi-so ri, mean ing " ou tdoor chant." Su t ra is based o n a syllabic s tyle and is u s u ally accompanied by a wooden go ng. Su t ra are p er fo rmed at daily s erv ice s, n o t by special m usicians but by o rdinar y mon ks who l ive in t he temple where t he r itual takes p lace, h en ce the t erm indoo r c hant. The Beo m pae is melismatic a nd sun g on ly by trained Buddhist musicians at special r ites. H wacheong is the chantt hat uses the v ern acular K o rean l an guage t o s pread Buddha's t eaching effectiv ely. The Buddhist c han t has h ad a c onsiderable influen c e o n o ther g enres of m u si c. F or exam ple, the s ingin g techn ique o f G ago k resembles beo m p ae in some respect s. T h e Yeon gsanhoesang w as orig inally a Bu ddhist v ocal mu sic an d ev olved into a l arg e instrumental suite, which is p layed in s everal different version s . 1 ) Hahn Man-young, "The Origin of Korean Music," The Worl d of Music (Berlin, 1985) Vol. 27-2, P.17.