Building principles

European Commission Directorate-General For The Internal Market And Services Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media

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Industrial policy
Industrial research and development

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-THE-INTERNAL-MARKET-AND-SERVICES-DIR
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

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Commission of the European Communities
industrial processes
Building and civil engineering
Building principles s.
Commission of the European Communities
industrial processes
Building and civil engineering
Building principles
G. Blachère
Président de section honoraire
au Conseil général des ponts et chaussées
Président de l'IRBAT et de l'IGI
242bis, Bd St Germain
F - 75007 Paris
Directorate-General
Internal Market and Industrial At
Π*
fS
1987 | EUR11320EÑ : c
CL Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
Bâtiment Jean Monnet
LUXEMBOURG
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on
behalf of then is responsible for the use which might be made of the
following information
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1988
ISBN 92-825-7978-6 Catalogue number : CD-NA-11320-EN-C
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1988
Printed in Luxembourg BUILDING PRINCIPLES
FOREWORD
About 25 years ago, I started teaching in France in various "Grandes Ecoles", univer­
sities* and seminars, a method which is called "Les Principes de la Construction
Moderne" (Modem Building Principles) or "La Méthode Logique de Conception des
Bâtiments" (Logical method for building design). In 1966 this method gave the sub­
stance of a book called "Savoir Bâtir", i.e. "Knowing how to build", which has been
translated into Spanish and Italian but unfortunately not in English.
On many occasions I have observed that ideas having the same orientation were being
expressed in various English-speaking circles, and in my mind, there is a necessity
for a complete and fully logical account of what a logical and scientifical approach
to building designing should be. Essentially because almost no English-speaking people
can read the French litterature on the matter. For these reasons, I have decided to
expose my views on building principles in English.
As you can guess, English is by no way my mother tongue - and I am afraid that,
despite the zele of the editors, many gallicisms may remain in the style. Nevertheless
I do hope that it will not discourage the reader.
* Ecole des Travaux Publics et du Bâtiment
Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées
Institut de la Construction Industrialisée
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
Kyoto University - Department of Architecture
Université de Montréal - Faculté de l'Environnement
Instituto Politecnico di Milano - Instituto d'Edilizia CONTENTS
FOREWORD Ill
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER I - The users' requirements - Generalities 3
CHAPTER I I - The List of Users' requirements 9
- Acoustical requirements
Vibrations and displacement limitation requirement 12
- Hygrothermals 14
- Dryness (or non hymidity) requirement8
- Visual requirements
- Air purity requirements 22
- Olfactorys3
- Sun radiation requirement
- Requirement on eLectrical, magnetic,
electromagnetic fields and ions density 25
- Safety requirements6
- Hygienes 3
- Requirements on ease of access
-s for handicapped people7
- Sociological requirements
- Economicals 44
- Variability of users' requirements9
- The requirements of the community 51
- Laws, regulations, briefs based on requirements 55
- A hierarchy among requirements ?7
CHAPTER III External conditions in which the building has
to be built 59
CHAPTER IV
The synopsis of the building 65
CHAPTER V
How does the building perform : The justification
of the synopsis 77
Appendix to
Chapter IV & V Example of synopsis with its inversion 83
CHAPTER VI The design of components : Their synopsis 10
CHAPTER VII Means of assessment of the quality of the design
of a component or a building part 119
VIla Checking the aptitude for use of a component 11
Vllb The "Agrément" procedure 122
Appendi: x to Example of critical examination of an industrialized
Chapter VII system of building : Façades made out of large
concrete panels 127 Page
CHAPTER VIII - Some aspects of building costs forecasting 147
Conclusion of the first part 155
Second part : Industrialization principles 15
CHAPTER IX - What industrialization is and is not9
CHAPTER X - Why then ? 16
CHAPTER XI - Is building industrialization difficult ? 16
CHAPTER XII - Foreseeable evolution of industrialization
environment 177
CHAPTER XIII - The present state ofn and its
foreseeable future 183
CHAPTER XIV - The future of building components 19
CHAPTER XV - General conclusion 199 BUILDING PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
To build is rather simple, in principle. It consists in providing a volume where
the user's requirements, as well as the requirements of smaller and larger commu­
nities, are met, whatever the external conditions may be. This result is to be obtai­
ned by the provisions made in the geometry of the building and its parts, and the
physical properties of the materials.
In this book I endeavour to develop the above points and the ways a designer
has to follow in order to verify the value and the consistance of his design, starting
from the brief up to the key in the lock.
But before entering the heart of the subject, some comments are made
concerning the spirit in which the matter ought to be approached.
There is no doubt that building is a very old activity of mankind, and has by force
been for milleniums a practical and empiristic one. Having attained some achieve­
ments in providing shelter for people, the ancient empiristic solutions gained a lot
of respect. And for this reason the breakthrough of a scientific attitude has been
and remains more difficult than in any other field, the agricultural field included.
But it is undeniable that a scientific approach to problems can improve the tradi­
tional solutions and accelerate innovations, just as in any other field of human
activity.
It is with this view of giving to building people the means of a scientific, or
at least, of a more scientific approach to their problems that this book is written.
It has to be said from the beginning that the reader will not find here a method
for creating his design, an 'heuristic', but a method for screening his design in order
to verify whether it is convenient and whether it matches the brief. It is only in
that indirect way that it will help the creation of his design.
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