Brief Introduction to Database Concepts

Description

• cours - matière potentielle : that a student
• mémoire
• fiche de synthèse - matière potentielle : the entities

Brief Introduction to Database Concepts Andrea Rodrıguez Summer School - Castellon 2004 Department of Computer Science University of Concepcion, Chile 1 Introduction Information and data are different. Information is understood by a person. Data are values stored on a passive medium like a computer disk. The purpose of a database management system (DBMS) is to bridge the gap between information and data - the data stored in memory or on disk must be converted to usable information.

• connection between entities
• rest of the system
• entity
• section
• model
• attribute
• relationships
• schema
• class
• database

Sujets

• Mémoire
• Rodríguez
• Entity
• Schéma

Informations

• Publié par: inja0
• Nombre de lectures: 36
• Langue: English

Extrait

GEOINVERSION:
Model-based Inversion
Challenges the
Technology Transfer
• AUGUST 1-5, 1999 •
Editors: F. Gasparotto, K.-M. Strack, S. TreitelORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairman: K.-M. Strack, KMS Technologies
Technical Program: M.K. Sengupta, Schlumberger Geco-Prakla
Abstract Volume: F. Gasparotto, Exxon Production Research Co.
K.-M. Strack, KMS Technologies
S. Treitel, TriDekon Inc.
Organizing Committee: J. Berryman, Lawrence Livermore NL;
N. Dutta, Baker Hughes
K. Vozoff, HarbourDom
A. Weglein, ARCO
SEG Research Committee: L. Thomsen, BP - AMOCO
SEG Headquarters: J. ThompsonWELCOME • BENVINDOS • SWAGATAM • WILLKOMMEN • BIENVENIDOS
When it was understood that geophysical data could help find petroleum, quickly the
quest for the understanding of the ‘physics’ appeared. The mind of the geophysicist came up
almost simultaneously with a model of the Earth that explained the behavior of the
measurements. The models were initially even cruder than the measurements but quickly they
were refined from simple models to more complex ones. Limiting was then the computer
power and geophysicists were always lagging behind geologists. Today, the model complexity
is almost where the geologic models are. Immediately, the exploration managers want to know
about risks and reliability of the results. This is still a point where the geophysicists – the one
that uses inversion techniques- will answer " What do you want it to be?" In reality, out tools
give us all the answers if we just understand it.
The desire to invert geophysical recordings continues to be among our fondest dreams.
While a complete, unambiguous and unique picture of the subsurface must forever remain
beyond our grasp, the past years have seen significant progress in this exciting area of our
profession. While a significant body of literature dealing with inverse theory has existed for
many decades, real-life practical applications in exploration geophysics have been quite slow
to emerge. One reason for this might well be that the wall between those solving erudite
equations and those seeking practical applications continues to be thick and high. But clearly
our own discipline of exploration geophysics cannot profit from all the exciting theoretical
accomplishments unless the means can be found to transfer them to the user. From the outside
it often looks as if the products – namely inversion software and services – are not mature. It
is precisely for this reason that our workshop will emphasize the technology transfer aspects of
geophysical inversion and nurture a better understanding of the limitations.
The response to our call for papers and posters has been very gratifying, particularly if we
bear in mind that our industry is going through such difficult times. The workshop program
contains a wide variety of contributions, which demonstrate quite clearly that geophysical
inversion is beginning to make a practical impact. The formal talks, the posters, the panel
discussions and perhaps most importantly, the informal technical exchanges that always
develop during small technical gatherings will hopefully do much to advance this exciting
branch of our profession.
Here we need to say something about the future without having a crystal ball. So let’s
simply say: If we don’t know about the initial part already today it will not be part of our
everyday future 10 years from now. Based on that the future will clearly complete the
integration into the 3D volume using seismic data and other data as constraints. Inversion
methods will be the key tool to save time and analyze risk factors. The 3D volume integration
(and the first example are already there), we will then improve the model descriptions and get
the models more analytical. This will then even more improve the signal-to-noise in model
interpretation and subsequently yield more reserves.
Fernanda Gasparotto, Mirnal Sengupta, Kurt Strack, Sven Treitel➤
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CONTENTS
............................................................................................Page
Organizing Committee..................................................................1
Welcome ......................................................................................3
Content........................................................................................4
Technical Program ........................................................................7
Abstracts ....................................................................................11
List of participants ......................................................................45TECHNICAL PROGRAM
MONDAY, AUGUST 2
8:00 a.m. – Noon Inversion Methods & Overviews I: General
Noon Lunch – Outside Patio
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Poster Presentations: Methods & Case Studies
4:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Panel Discussions: Inversion Non-Uniqueness
Dinner and time on your own
TUESDAY, AUGUST 3
8:00 a.m. – Noon Inversion Methods & Overviews II: Well logs
Noon Lunch – Outside Patio
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Poster Presentations: Methods & Well-log Applications
4:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Panel Discussions: Inversion Technology Transfer
Dinner and time on your own
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4
8:00 a.m. – Noon Inversion Methods & Overviews III: Seismic
Noon Lunch – Outside Patio
1:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. Poster Presentations: Methods & Seismic Applications
4:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Panel Discussions: Enhancing Inversion Bandwidth & Accuracy
6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Reception and Dinner – Outside Patio
THURSDAY, AUGUST 5
8:00 a.m. – Noon Wrap Up: The Road Ahead
Noon Workshop adjournedMONDAY, AUGUST 2
7:00 a.m. Breakfast – Los Vaqueros
8:00 a.m. Inversion Methods and Overviews I: General
Chairperson: Kurt Strack
8:15– 10: 15 a.m. Talks: 30 minutes each
Brian H. Russell: Technology Transfer of Inversion Methods
Chuck H. Wagner: Integration of Seismic Inversion into Development Drilling Process
Carlos Torres-Verdin: Geostatistical Inversion
M.K. Sengupta: Taking Advantage of Non-Uniqueness in Inversion
10:15 – 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break
10:30 – 12:00 p.m. Introduction to Posters: 10 minutes each
LUNCH BREAK – Outside Patio
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Poster Presentations: Methods & Case Studies
Each poster board is 8 feet tall and 4 feet wide. However, the usable space is 7 feet 7 inches tall & 3 feet 8
1/2 inches wide. A presentation booth would have 2 of these poster boards.
3D velocity-depth model building using surface seismic and the wells: Paul Sexton, Paul
Williamson, & Phillippe Berther
Calibration of prestack inversion using Bayes’ theorem & well data: Phil D. Anno, Robert T.
Baumel, & Javaid A. Durrani
Integration of seismic inversion into the development drilling process:
Charles H. Wagner III, Edgardo L. Nebrija, Harold L. Triebwasser, Arthur E. Gregory,
Muhammad Saggaf, & Jung J. Kim
Seismic inversion of a reef complex in the South China Sea: Claire Sullivan, Chip Story, Patrick
Peng, Christoph Heubeck, & Lin Jian Dong
The 4-D Microgravity Method for Waterflood Surveillance: A Model Study for the Prudhoe Bay
Reservoir, Alaska: Jennifer L. Hare, John F. Ferguson, Carlos L. V. Aiken, & Jerry L. Brady
New method for 3D automatic volumic reconstruction, Validation through Geophysical
simulations: G. Courrioux, C. Truffert, S. Nullans, & A. Bitri.
New method to determine the lithology and the geometry of geological object in-depth: litho-
inversion 3D: Antonio Guillen, Miguel Bosch, V. Delos, & P. Ledru
Geostatistical Inversion and lithology discrimination: Honoring 3D seismic data and well logs to
delineate Sands thinner than tuning resolution: Carlos Torres-Verdin, German Merletti, Marcos
Victoria, Pieter van dar Made, & Paul van Riel
The role of a priori’ information and parameterization in real word application of the inversion of
potential field data: F. Boschetti, P. Hornby, F. G. Horowitz, & N. Archibald
4:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Panel Discussions: Inversion Non-Uniqueness
Panelists: Daniel Hampson, M. K. Sengupta, Kurt Strack,
Carlos Torres-Verdin, Chuck Wagner
“Moderator” is underlined.
Dinner and time on your ownTUESDAY, AUGUST 3
7:00 a.m. Breakfast – Los Vaqueros
8:00 a.m. Inversion Methods and Overviews II: Well logs
Chairperson: Fernanda Gasparotto
8:15 – 10:15 a.m. Talks: 30 minutes each
Kurt Strack: Well-log Inversion Review
Doug Oldenburg: Inversion of potential and EM field data
Lee Bell & Larry Morley: Applications of Diving-Ray Tomography in Exploration
Seismology
Victor Pereyra: Model Based 3D Travel Time Inversion
10:15 – 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break
10:30 – 12:00 p.m. Introduction to Posters: 10 minutes each
LUNCH BREAK – Outside Patio
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Poster Presentations: Methods & Well-log Applications
Limits and possibilities using inversion with array Resistivity logging tools: Kurt Strack, Raghu
Chundru, Mikael A. Frenkel, Alberto G. Mezzatesta, & Z. Zhang
HDIL post-inversion processing: Achieving consistency with other logs: Mikael B. Rabinovich, &
Leonty A. Tabarovsky
Computational Intelligence Techniques for TEM Inversion: Hesham El