Evolutionary Programming as a Solution Technique for the Bellman ...

Anna Whipkey

Description

• exposé

Evolutionary Programming as a Solution Technique for the Bellman Equation∗ Paul Gomme Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, P.O. Box 6387, Cleveland, OH 44101–1387, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6, CANADA, and CREFE/UQAM, Case postale 8888, succursale centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, CANADA First Draft: April 1996 This Draft: October 1997 Abstract: Evolutionary programming is a stochastic optimization procedure which has proved useful in optimizing difficult functions.

• bellman equation iteration
• value func- tion for the best guess
• top half of the population
• member with a corresponding member
• evolutionary program
• grid point
• capital
• member
• solution

Sujets

• Exposé
• Board of governors
• Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
• Prescot
• Fraser
• Evolution
• Member
• Solution
• Capital
• Population

Informations

• Publié par: vien0
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Lecture 28

Lecture 28 Other Tropical Starch Crops Sweet potato:Ipomoea batatas,Convolvulaceae New World Origin, has become naturalized in the Pacific. One theory is that it was carried by Polynesian travelers from Easter Island, but more likely it came from the Philippines where it was introduced by the Spanish conquistadors. Adapted to tropical lowlands and an important food in Asia. In tropics most cultivars are white fleshed. Has now has become an important temperate crop.

Sweet Potato: 2001 World Production 1000 Continent tonnes Chief countries World 135,919 Africa 10,203 Uganda (2,515), Nigeria (2,468), Rwanda (1,137) North America 1,158 US (651), Cuba (200), Haiti (174) South America 1,250 Brazil (485), Argentina (335), Peru (273) Asia 122,645 China (115,122), Indonesia (1,686), Viet Nam (1,610) Europe 59 Portugal (22), Spain (21), Italy (14) Oceania 602 Papua New Guinea (485), Solomon (79), New Zealand (16)

Morphology of the sweetpotato plant.

1

Lecture 28

Potato:Solanum tuberosum,Solanaceae

2

Lecture 28

Also known incorrectly as Irish potato (but is not from Ireland) and white potato (but there are yellow and red types). A tropical highland crop but now the most important temperate tuber vegetable. Still grown in tropical highlands. Crop is very sensitive to daylength. S. tuberosum(4x, a tetraploid) tubers in short days and long days = a long day selection of S. andiginum) S. andiginum(4x); tubers only in short days S. demissum(6x); small and colorful potatoes of Peru S. phureja(2x) S. stenotomum(2x)

Continent World Africa

Potato: 2001 World Production

North America

South America

Asia

Europe

Oceania

1000 tonnes 308,195 11,776

26,646

13,902

118,280

135,839

1,753

Chief countries

Malawi (2,000), Egypt (1,800), South Africa (1,555) US (20,174), Canada (4,030), Mexico (1,610) Colombia (3,013), Peru (2,799), Brazil (2,787) China (64,045), India (25,000), Turkey (5,350) Russian Federation (34,500), Poland (20,401), Ukraine (13,500) Australia (1,250), New Zealand (500), New Caledonia (1)

Plant and flowers of potato.

3

Lecture 28

The potato tuber is an underground stem. The eyes are buds.

Potato blight

Minor Peruvian Root Crops

Inca crops in a market in Ipiales, Colombia

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Lecture 28

Collection of Peruvian Root Crops

Ulluco Ullucus tuberosus

Oca,Oxalis tuberosus

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Lecture 28

Palms and Cycads

The stems of Cycads and Palms are a source of carbohydrates inside the stem. They are harvested by cutting down the tree and scraping the stem.

Sago:Metroxylon sagu, Palmaceae An enormous palm, originated in Malaysia. Grows 10 to 15 years before it flowers, during this period it accumulates starch. It is not widespread but found now in New Guinea.

Cycad cone

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Lecture 28

Female

Cycads

Male

7