Project reports

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

Medical and biological research
Environment policy and protection of the environment

Sujets

• Geology
• Hydrogeology
• Oceanography
• Médecine

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 12 Mo

Extrait

UROPEAN COMMISSION
COND
ST DAYS
EUROMAR MARKET
PROJECT REPORTS
VOLUME 2 Commission of the European Communities
MARINE SCIENCES
AND TECHNOLOGIES
Second MAST days and EUROMAR market
7-10 November 1995
Edited by
M. Weydert, E. Lipiatou, R. Goni, C. Fragakis,
M. Bohle-Carbonell, K.-G. Barthel
Commission of the European Communites
200, rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Project reports
Volume 2
Directorate-General
Science, Research and Development
1995 Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995
ISBN 92-827-5012-4 (Volume Π)
ISBN 92-827-5011-6e I)
ISBN 92-827-5010-8 (both volumes)
© ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1995
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged
Printed in Belgium FOREWORD
MAST, the Marine Science and Technology programme of the European Union, and
EUROMAR, a marine technology "umbrella" network within the framework of the EUREKA
initiative, have developed in parallel. The idea to hold a joint conference at more or less
regular intervals derives from an obvious element of complementarity between the two
programmes and builds on the excellent working relationship between the two organisations.
The first such conference was organized in Brussels in March 1993. This session in Sorrento
is the second one, and the third session is already planned to take place in Lisbon during
EXPO'98.
MAST grew in three stages: first, as a pilot programme, adopted in mid-1989 for a three year
period (budget: 50 Million ECU); then as MAST-Π, covering the period mid-1991 to end-
11994 (budget 118 MECU); and finally as MAST-ΙΠ 1994-1998 (244 MECU )· The ultimate
objective of research is to understand the functioning of marine systems around Europe, both
in shelf and deep seas, and thus to contribute to establishing the scientific and technical basis
for their exploitation, management and protection. Most of the funds are spent, following calls
for proposals, on shared-cost contracts with transnational consortia of universities, research
centres and companies from EU member states and EFTA countries.
Projects are distributed over a wide range of disciplines, in marine science, in coastal zone
research and in marine technology. In the latter area (ca. 30% of the budget), where there is
the strongest commonality of interest between EUROMAR and MAST, the focus is to
encourage the development of instruments, systems and vehicles and to promote research on
related enabling technologies, e.g. underwater acoustics, communications, imaging, robotics,
etc., as well as on other topics such as bioactive substances and submarine geotechnics. In
addition, the programme is open for a number of "supporting initiatives", notably to promote
advanced training, improve data management and exchange, coordinate approaches to
modelling and encourage cost-effective use of large facilities.
EUROMAR was launched in 1986 when it was estimated that individual projects within it
could amount to almost 200 MECU. It deals with the development, application and successful
exploitation of Europe's advanced marine technology which is deemed to have worldwide
market potential and promotes cooperation between industry and science. EUROMAR is an
industry-led research programme and thus uses a bottom-up approach; it tends to operate
closer to the market than MAST. Individual projects which fall within the general aims of
EUROMAR may be proposed by any organisation in a EUROMAR country with the support
of at least one other EUROMAR country and must then be approved by the EUROMAR
Board. Current EUROMAR participants are Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom and the
European Commission.
During the first few years, both programmes have grown in parallel, maintaining contacts at
an overall management level and, more specifically, through MARACOUS, and now also
through MAROBOT, two ad-hoc groups of researchers in underwater acoustics and robotics.
228 MECU in the original Decision, + 16 MECU to account for new EU memberships
(Austria, Finland, Sweden).
-m-The need for closer ties between EUREKA and EU programmes has been considered recently,
both at EU level and in the Member States. MAST and EUROMAR have been discussing
means to liaise more closely in the future. It may well be that some projects could have both
a MAST and a EUROMAR component, in which case the two organisations would fund their
individual areas.
The joint MAST/EUROMAR Days have been conceived to review achievements to date,
discuss problems and future priorities in selected fields of activity, promote contacts in order
to help build up future partnerships in European R&D, and thus set the stage for a new phase
of collaborative developments.
The purpose of this book is to present synthesis reports on completed or partially completed
MAST-n and EUROMAR projects.
We hope to demonstrate in this way the complementary aims and purpose of the two
programmes.
J. BOISSONNAS G. BRAMSNÆS
Head of the MAST programme Chairman of the EUROMAR board
• rv-Page
CONTENTS
Foreword HI
Parti — Marine sciences 1
1.1. Physical oceanography 3
1.1.1. Deep blue waters
Multiple equilibria in the thermohaline ocean circulation 5
Dynamics of the North Atlantic circulation: simulation and assimilation with
high resolution models (Dynamo) 21
A cooperative European investigation of the North East Atlantic water
circulation (Eurofloat) 37
Mediterranean models evaluation experiment (Medmex) 4
A pilot tomography system for monitoring the western Mediterranean
basin (Thetis-2) 53
1.1.2. Shallow turbid waters 61
Operational modelling of regional seas and coastal waters: recent
experiences and developments (OPMOD)
Determination of the dispersal of Rhine water in the North Sea and the
north-east. Atlantic by measurement of fluorescent xenobiotic river substances
(Xtrans-2) 75
Process in regions of freshwater influence (Profile) 87
The influence of bubbles on air-sea interaction 101
Dynamics of connecting seas (Dynocs) 113
Hydrodynamics and biogeochemical processes and fluxes in the
Channel (Fluxmanche-2) 12
Development of a coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model and data
assimilation system for application in European seas (Ecawom) 137
-v-Surface current and wave variability experiment (Scawvex) 15
North Sea model advection dispersion study (Nomads)6
Application of high performance computing techniques for the modelling
of marine ecosystems (Mmarie) 18
1.2. Ecology and biology9
Community structure and processes in the deep-sea benthos (Benthos) 19
Coccolithophorid dynamics: the European Emiliania Haxleyi programme
(EHUX) 20
Oxic-anoxic interfaces as productive sites 22
Investigation of Calanusfinmarchius migrations between oceanic and
shelf seas off north-west Europe (ICOS)3
Microbiological element cycling in coastal environments (MEICE) 24
European regional seas ecosystem model-TJ (ERSEM-2) 25
Marine universal structural model (MUST)7
Environmental risks from large scale ecological research in the
deep sea; adesk study (Risker) 29
1.3. Geochemistry 30
Gas and water seepage on the continental margin (SEEPS) 30
Biogeochemical fluxes in the Mediterranean water-sediment system
(Palaeoflux)1
Mid-Atlantic ridge: hydrothermal fluxes at the Azores triple junction
(Marflux-ATJ)2
Geochemical investigations of the hydrothermal processes in the
Hellenic volcanic island arc 33
1.4. Marine geosciences3
European north Atlantic margin: sediment pathways, processes
and fluxes (ENAM)3
-VI-Sediment transport on European Atlantic margins (STEAM) 355
Brine lakes and thermal anomalies in the seafloor and bottom
water of the western Mediterranean ridge (Medriff) 369
Innovative Mediterranean ridge seismic experiment (Imerse) 385
1.5. Multidisciplinary projects 401
Transfer pathways and fluxes of organic matter and related elements
in water and sediments of the northern Adriatic Sea and their importance
on the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Euromarge-AS) 403
Transfer of matter and energy on European continental margins
(Euromarge-NB) 419
Mediterranean eddy resolving and interdisciplinary studies-Π
(Mermaids-2) 433
Hydrodynamics and biogeochemical fluxes in the straits of the Cretan arc
(Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean basin) (Pélagos) 453
Geochemistry and dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea (Geodyme) 469
Mediterranean pelagic ecosystem study: plankton dynamics
(Medipelagos) 477
The hydrodynamics of the western Mediterranean Sea (Euromodel-2) 479
Hydrodynamics and geochemical fluxes in the straits of Otranto (Otranto) 495
European microbiology of particulate systems (EMPS) 497
Pelagic-benthic coupling in the oligotrophic Cretan Sea (north-east Mediterranean)
(CINCS) 509
Multidisciplinary océanographie research in the eastern boundary of the
north Atlantic (Morena) 527
Ocean margin exchange (OMEX) 529
European subpolar ocean pr