Do transitional administrations fail? [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparative study of the Kosovo and East Timor experiences / Daniella Christova Schmitt

Daniella Christova Schmitt




Do Transitional Administrations Fail? A Comparative
Study of the Kosovo and East Timor Experiences



Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften
in der Fakultät
für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen



2009





Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der
Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften
der Universität Tübingen














Hauptberichterstatter: Prof. Volker Rittberger, Ph.D.
Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Andreas Hasenclever
Dekan: Prof. Dr. Ansgar Thiel
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2009
iii
















For Martin and Isabelle iv
Acknowledgements

This work has been a long journey. Along the way various institutions and individuals
have helped me shape the ideas and dilemmas identified in the chapters. I would like to
thank in particular my supervisor Volker Rittberger for his support throughout the way
and his never ending motivation and helpful comments. I am grateful for the
generosity of the Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation that has supported this project for the
past three years (2005-2008) with monthly grants. I am also thankful to the fellow
scholars of the Foundation whom I met at different liberal workshops and whose talent
was an enormous inspiration. I am thankful to the participants of the Tuebingen Peace
and Conflict Studies Graduate Workshops, in particular to Thorsten Göbel, Carmen
Huckel, Frederike van de Poll, Makiko Yamauchi, Verena Andrei and Cora
Ziegenbalg for the useful comments and motivation.
I owe special thanks to the organizers, discussants and participants at numerous
international conferences: the 2006 Einstein Joint Doctoral Workshop at the Hebrew
University, Jerusalem, Israel; the 2007 Fourth European Consortium for Political
Science Research General Conference in Pisa, Italy; the German East Timor Society
thand the 2008 organized biennial conference in Cologne, Germany; the 2008 49
International Studies Association Annual Conference in San Francisco, USA and the
first British-German International Relations Conference in Arnoldshain, Germany,
2008. I wish to thank in particular Kirsten Ainley and Chris Brown for their comments
and inspiration, David Chandler for the useful remarks, Alexander Loch for sharing his
ideas with me, Philip Cunliffe for providing stimulating insights, Jens Narten for
sharing work with me and Beate Jahn for keeping me on my toes with her comments. I
express my gratitude to Stephen Nitz of the Peace Research Institute Library in
Frankfurt and thank Christian Danner for the IT support.
Last but not least, I am grateful to my family for the enormous support during
this long journey. My special thanks go to my parents-in-law and Jutta who spent
numerous hours babysitting our daughter Isabelle. I am grateful to my parents for their
constant support. Above all I wish to thank my husband Martin for standing by me and
believing in my ideas, for his relentless motivation and support and for taking the time
to read parts of the manuscript. Martin and Isabelle, this study would not have been
possible without your love and understanding, this study is dedicated to you!
Bad Homburg, Germany, 2009
v
Contents
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iv
Contents.......................................................................................................................... v
List of Figures................................................................................................................. x
List of Tables .................................................................................................................. x
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms............................................................................. xi
Abstract......................................................................................................................... xv
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project background ................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Failed states ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ principle (R2P).................................................... 2
1.2 State of the art........................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Research design ........................................................................................................ 5
1.3.1 Research question and propositions ...................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Research variables ................................................................................................. 8
1.3.3 Methodology and case study selection ................................................................ 10
1.3.4 Theory: social constructivism vis-à-vis rationalism............................................ 10
1.4 Outline of the argument.......................................................................................... 11
2. ON SOVEREIGNTY AND STATE FAILURE ...................................................... 13
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13
2.1.1 Changed perceptions of state failure threats........................................................ 16
2.2 State failure in a post-Cold War era ....................................................................... 17
2.2.1 Contractarian, Weberian and Juridical views of the state ................................... 17
2.2.2 Types of state failure ........................................................................................... 18
2.2.2.1 Contractarian, Weberian and Juridical state failures ........................................ 19
2.2.2.2 External and internal dimensions of state failure ............................................. 21
2.2.2.3 Difficulties with state failure measurement...................................................... 22
2.3 Gradations in sovereignty....................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 Sources of authority............................................................................................. 24
2.3.1.1 Social contract theory ....................................................................................... 24
2.3.1.2 Security and sovereignty .................................................................................. 26
2.3.1.3 Norms of sovereignty ....................................................................................... 27
2.3.2 Shared sovereignty .............................................................................................. 28
2.3.2.1 Positive and negative sovereignty .................................................................... 29
2.3.2.2 Earned sovereignty ........................................................................................... 31
2.3.3 Summary.............................................................................................................. 32
2.4 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and its critics................................................. 32
2.4.1 Collective security ............................................................................................... 33
2.4.2 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P).................................................................... 34
2.4.3 The critics of R2P ................................................................................................ 36
2.4.4 Summary.............................................................................................................. 38
2.5 Governance in a globalized era .............................................................................. 39
2.5.1 Inclusive and effective global institutions........................................................... 40
2.5.2 Good governance................................................................................................. 42
2.6 On self-determination, democracy and liberalism.................................................. 43
2.6.1 Self-determination ............................................................................................... 44
2.6.2 On democracy...................................................................................................... 45
2.6.2.1 Democratic and liberal peace............................................................................ 47
2.6.3 On Liberalism ...................................................................................................... 48
vi
2.7 Conclusion........................................