Marine and coastal environment
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Annual topic update 2000
Environment policy and protection of the environment
Environmental degradation
Target audience: Specialised/Technical
Voir
Environment policy and protection of the environment
Environmental degradation
Target audience: Specialised/Technical
Topic report
Marine and coastal environment Annual topic update 2000
Prepared by: M arcello Peronaci ETC/ M CE Leader
Project M anager: Anita Künitzer European Environment Agency
11/ 2001
La yo ut : Fo lkm a nn De sig n
Legal notice: Ne it he r t he Euro p e a n Enviro nm e nt Ag e ncy no r a ny p e rso n o r co m p a ny a ct ing o n t he b e ha lf o f t he Ag e ncy is re sp o nsib le fo r t he use t ha t m a y b e m a d e o f t he info rm a t io n co nt a ine d in t his re p o rt .
The co lla b o ra t io n o f A.M. Sà la m a a nd A. Co nve rsi (ENEA) ha s b e e n e sse nt ia l t o t he writ ing o f t his re p o rt .
A g re a t d e a l o f a d d it io na l info rm a t io n o n t he Euro p e a n Unio n is a va ila b le o n t he Int e rne t . It ca n b e a cce sse d t hro ug h t he Euro p a se rve r (ht t p :/ / e uro p a .e u.int ). Ca t a lo g uing d a t a ca n b e fo und a t t he e nd o f t his p ub lica t io n. Luxe m b o urg : O ffice fo r O fficia l Pub lica t io ns o f t he Euro p e a n Co m m unit ie s, 2001 ISBN 92-9167-401-X © EEA, Co p e nha g e n, 2001 Re p ro d uct io n is a ut ho rise d p ro vid e d t he so urce is a ckno wle d g e d
Euro p e a n Enviro nm e nt Ag e ncy Ko ng e ns Nyt o rv 6 DK-1050 Co p e nha g e n K De nm a rk Te l: (45) 33 36 71 00 Fa x: (45) 33 36 71 99 E-m a il: e e a @e e a .e u.int ht t p :/ / www.e e a .e u.int
Contents
1.Irontctduoisn:................5................................................................................................ 1.1. The Euro p e an Enviro nme nt Ag e ncy .................................................................... 5 1.2. The Euro p e an To p ic Ce ntre o n Marine and Co astal Enviro nme nt ...................... 5 1.3. Main co ntacts ...................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Main o b je ctive s fo r 2000 ..................................................................................... 6
2. Progress.................................................................................................................................8 2.1. The co o p e ra tio n b e twe e n the EEA a nd ma rine re g io na l co nve ntio ns and actio n p lans .............................................................................. 8 2.1.1. Backg ro und ............................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. IRF Wo rking Gro up o n Data Strate g y ....................................................... 8 2.1.3. The Wo rking Gro up o n Ind icato rs ............................................................. 9 2.1.4. The Wo rking Gro up o n Ge o g rap hical Info rmatio n Syste ms (GIS) .......... 11 2.1.5. MAP/ Me d p o l wo rksho p o n marine d ata flo w in the Me d ite rrane an ...... 12 2.1.6. Main achie ve me nts .................................................................................. 13 2.2. The co o p e ratio n with EIO NET .......................................................................... 13 2.3. Evaluatio n o f e utro p hicatio n in Euro p e an Co mmunity marine wate rs ............. 14 2.4. Co ntrib utio n b y re mo te se nsing to sup p o rt e valuatio n o f e utro p hicatio n in marine and co astal wate rs ................................................................................. 17 2.5. Ind icato rs fo r the marine and co astal e nviro nme nt in Euro p e .......................... 18 2.5.1. Te sting o f ind icato rs fo r the marine and co a stal e nviro nme nt in Euro p e Part 3: Pre se nt state and d e ve lo p me nt o n e utro p hica tio n, hazard o us sub stance s, o il and e co lo g ical q uality ....................................................... 18 2.5.2. Co nclusio ns and re co mme nd atio ns ........................................................ 24 2.5.3. The p o te ntial co re se t o f ind icato rs fo r the marine and co astal e nviro nme nt ........................................................................... 25 2.6. Euro p e ’s b io d ive rsity ......................................................................................... 29 2.6.1. No rth-East Atlantic O ce an ...................................................................... 29 2.6.2. Arctic O ce an ............................................................................................ 30 2.6.3. No rth Se a ................................................................................................. 30 2.6.4. Baltic Se a ................................................................................................. 31 2.6.5. Casp ian Se a ............................................................................................. 31 2.6.6. Me d ite rrane an Se a .................................................................................. 32
Ma rine a nd co a st a l e nviro nm e nt
2.6.7. Black Se a ................................................................................................. 33
3. Reports/ outputs produced by the ETC/ M CE in 2000/ early 2001 .........................34
References................................................................................................................................. 35
1. Introduction
1.1. The European Environment Agency Th e Eu rop ean En viron m en t Agen cy ( EEA) was establish ed in 1990 by Cou n cil Regu lation ( EEC) No 1210/ 90. Th is regu lation also aim ed to set u p a Eu rop ean en viron m en t in form ation an d obser vation n etwork ( EIO NET) , wh ich con sists of coord in atin g in stitu tes ( n ation al focal p oin ts) an d exp ertise cen tres ( n ation al referen ce cen tres) in th e p articip atin g cou n tries, as well as Eu rop ean top ic cen tres. Th e m ission of th e Agen cy is: to support sustainable development and to help to achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe’s environment through the provision of targeted, timely, relevant and reliable information to policy-making agents and the public. Th e EEA an d its ETCs u se th e existin g cap acities in p articip atin g cou n tries an d also coop erate actively with th e Com m u n ity in stitu tion s, oth er bod ies an d in tern ation al organ isation s to bu ild syn ergy an d avoid d u p lication of effort in th e p rovision of p olicy-relevan t in form ation .
1.2. The European Topic Centre on M arine and Coastal Environment Th e Eu rop ean Top ic Cen tre on Marin e an d Coastal En viron m en t ( ETC/ MCE) was establish ed in 1994 with th e aim to h elp th e Eu rop ean En viron m en t Agen cy to carr y ou t its work p rogram m e on th e issu es related to m arin e an d coastal en viron m en ts. Th e m ain objective of ETC/ MCE is to p rovid e reliable an d com p arable in form ation regard in g th e state of th e m arin e an d coastal en viron m en ts of Eu rop e an d th e p ressu res actin g on th em . ETC/ MCE also h as th e m an d ate to d evelop ap p rop riate tools an d p roced u res to assess th e qu ality of th e en viron m en t. To ach ieve th is, an effort toward s th e h arm on isation of rep ortin g an d assessm en t was in itiated by ETC/ MCE an d is still in p rogress. Th e ETC/ MCE con sortiu m con sists of exp erts from six n ation al in stitu tes: • En te Per le Nu ove Tecn ologie, l’En ergia e l’Am bien te ( ENEA) , CRAM, La Sp ezia, Italy Institute Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Brest and Tou lon , Fran ce Nation al Cen tre for Marin e Research ( NCMR) , Ath en,sGreece Nation al En viron m en t Research In stitu te ( NERI) , Roskild e, Den m ark Nation al In stitu te for Coastal an d Marin e Man agem en t ( RIKZ) , Th e H agu e, Neth erlan d s Nor wegian In stitu te for Water Research ( NIVA) , O sol , Nor way Th e ETC/ MCE Lead er in 2000 was Marcello Peron aci ENEA Cen tro Ricerch e Am bien te Marin o PO Box 316, 19100 La Sp ezia, Italy Tel: ( 39) 01 87 97 81 11 Fax: ( 39) 01 87 97 82 93 E-m ail: etc-m ce@estosf.san tateresa.en ea.it Th e Man agem en t Com m ittee of ETC/ MCE con sists of rep resen tatives from each of th e p artn er in stitu tion s an d m eets in a p len ar y session at least twice a year to d iscu ss th e state-of-p lay on th e activities, p roblem s en cou n tered , fu tu re p lan s, an d to p resen t to th e EEA p roject m an ager p rop osals for th e fu tu re activities. Rep resen tatives of th e Join t Research Cen tre p articip ate in th e Man agem en t Com m ittee m eetin gs in ord er to p lan an d d evelop join t activities.
Introduction
5
6
Ma rine a nd co a st a l e nviro nm e nt
Th e work to be p er form ed by ETC/ MCE in 2000 was ou tlin ed in th e EEA an n u al work p rogram m e 2000. Th e activities were fu rth er sp ecified in th e tech n ical an n ex to th e 2000 agreem en t between th e EEA an d ETC/ MCE. In th is top ic u p d ate th e tasks accom p lish ed an d p rod u cts p rovid ed d u rin g th e 2000 su bven tion p eriod are d escribed . Each task h as been d evelop ed by a team con sistin g of relevan t exp erts from th e ETC/ MCE con sortiu m an d led by a task lead er, wh o is resp on sible for th e activities an d related d eliverables an d rep orts to th e ETC Lead er. In 2000, th e EEA m an agem en t board agreed to a reorgan isation of ETCs in clu d in g th e m erger of work an d exp ertise on in lan d an d m arin e waters to form an ETC on water, wh ich started work in March 2001.
1.3. M ain contacts In ord er to d evelop th e activities, ETC/ MCE h as establish ed d irect con tact with relevan t in tern ation al an d n ation al organ isation s. Table 1 on th e n ext p age lists th e n ation al p rim ar y con tact p oin ts in 2000: som e of th em are EEA n ation al focal p oin ts ( NFP) , oth ers are n ation al referen ce cen tres ( NRC) . ETC/ MCE also h as con tacts an d coop eration with th e followin g region al m arin e con ven tion s: O sp arcom ( O slo an d Paris Com m ission of th e Con veniton for th e Protection of th e Marin e En viron m en t of th e North -East Atlan tic) H elcom ( H elsin ki Com m ission of th e Con ven tion forth e Protection of th e Marin e En viron m en t of th e Baltic Sea) MAP ( Med iterran ean action p lan ) AMAP ( Arctic m on itorin g assessm en t p rogram m e) BSEP ( Black Sea en viron m en t p rogram m e) ICES ( In tern ation al Cou n cil for th e Exp loration ofth e Sea) . Coop eration h as also been establish ed with th e Sp ace Ap p lication s In stitu te of th e EU Join t Research Cen tre ( JRC) in Isp ra.
1.4. M ain objectives for 2000 Th e m ain objectives of th e work of ETC/ MCE in 2000 were: to m ain tain th e activities of th e In ter-Region al Foru m th rou gh th e coop eration with th e region al m arin e con ven tion s, JRC an d th e En viron m en t DG with in th ree workin g grou p s on in d icators, d ata flow an d GIS; to coop erate in th e writin g of several rep orts ( such as th e yearly in d icator-based rep ort, Eu rop e’s biod iversity rep ort, TERM, etc.) ; to d evelop an d test m arin e an d coastal in d icatorsby evalu atin g th e d ata an d in form ation gath ered th rou gh p reviou s years, assessin g h ow th is in form ation ser ves th e n eed s of th e EEA, th e m em ber cou n tries an d th e En viron m en t DG; to fin alise th e selected en viron m en tal in d icators( in clu d in g assessin g th eir lim its an d th e gap s in cu rren t kn owled ge an d assessin g wh eth er th e in d icators are versatile for all Eu rop ean basin s for p olicy p u rp oses, etc.) , th e statistical m eth od s u sed to treat th em , an d th e ways of p resen tin g th em ; to support and represent the EEA on relevant mattres through the ad-hoc support and th e su p p ly of in form ation to EIO NET ( NFPs an d NRCs) .
Country N ame Aust ria Wilhe lm Vo g e l Be lg ium J a n Vo e t De nm a rk Pe t e r Sa nd b e ck Finla nd Sa a ra Ba ck Fra nce J e a n Lo uis We b e r Ge rm a ny Cla ud ia Lo hm a nn Gre e ce Ma t a Ara va nt ino u Ice la nd Da vid Eg ilsso n Ire la nd Bro nwyn Ca hill It a ly Cla ud io Ma ricchio lo Gia nna Ca sa zza Lie cht e nst e in Pe t ra Bo ckm uhl Luxe m b o urg J e a n Pa ul Fe lt g e n Ne t he rla nd s Ad ria a n Mind e rho ud No rwa y Ha ra ld Lo e ng Po rt ug a l Ma ria Le o no r Go m e s Sp a in J ua n Ma rt ine z Sà nche z Swe d e n To ve Lund e b e rg
Unit e d And re w Fra nklin King d o m
NFP NFP NRC NRC NFP NRC NFP NRC NFP NFP NFP NFP NFP NRC NFP NFP NRC
NRC
M ain contacts Institution Tel./ fax/ e-mail Fe d e ra l Enviro nm e nt (43-1) 313 04 35 50 Ag e ncy (43-1) 313 04 54 00 vo g e l@ub a vie .g v.a t Int e r-Re g io na l Ce ll fo r (32-2) 649 81 91 t he Enviro nm e nt (32-2) 644 23 91 ce lina ir@irce line .b e NERI (45) 46 30 12 61 (45) 46 30 11 14 PS@d m u.d k Finnish Enviro nm e nt (358-9) 403 00 17 Inst it ut e (358-9) 40 30 03 90 Im p a ct Re se a rch Divisio n sa a ra .b a ck@vuh.fi IFEN (33) 238 79 78 78 (33) 238 79 78 70 jlwe b e r@a o l.co m UBA, Ge rm a ny Cla ud ia .lo hm a nn@ub a .d e Minist ry o f t he Enviro nm e nt (30-1) 864 37 37 (30-1) 864 37 37 m a t a @nfp -g r.e io ne t .e u.int O ce a n Po llut io n De p a rt m e nt , (354) 568 88 48 Enviro nm e nt a nd (354) 568 18 96 Fo o d Ag e ncy Irish Ma rine Inst it ut e (353-1) 474 51 00 (353-1) 475 71 04 ro nwyn.ca hill@m a rine .ie ANPA, Ag e nzia Na zio na le (39) 06 50 07 21 77 p e r l’Am b ie nt e (39) 06 50 07 22 21 m a ricchio lo @a np a .it Na t io na l O ffice fo r Fo re st s, (423) 236 64 00 Na t ure a nd La nd sca p e (423) 236 64 14 Pe t ra .b o ckm ue hl@a wnl.llv.li Minist e re d e l’Enviro nne m e nt (352) 478 68 13 (352) 40 04 10 je a n-p a ll.fe lt g e n@life .lu Rijksinst it uut vo o r (31-30) 274 20 35 Vo lksg e zo nd he id e n (31-30) 274 44 05 Milie u RIVM Ad . Mind e rho ud @rivm .nl Inst it ut e o f Ma rine ha ra ld .lo e ng @im r.no Re se a rch, Be rg e n Dire cca o -Ge ne ra l d o (351) 214 72 82 00 Am b ie nt e (Sina ia ) (351) 214 71 90 74 le o no r.g o m e s @d g a .m in-a m b .p t Minist e rio d e (34) 15 97 58 12 Me d io Am b ie nt e (34) 15 97 58 57 jua n.m a rt ine z @sg ca .m m a .e s Swe d ish EPA (46 8) 698 10 00 (46-8) 698 15 85 t o ve .lund e b e rg @e nviro n.se CEFAS Burnha m La b o ra t o ry (44-1621) 78 72 00 (44-1621) 78 49 89 a .fra nklin@ce fa s.co .uk
Introduction7
Ta b le 1
8
Ma rine a nd co a st a l e nviro nm e nt
2. Progress
2.1.Cooperation between the EEA, ETC/ M CE and European marine regional conventions/ action plans 2.1.1. Background Th e In ter-Region al Foru m ( IRF) was set u p in 1995 by th e EEA with th e followin g m ain objectives: to facilitate th e exch an ge an d p ossible in tegration of existin g d ata an d in form ation p rod u ced by th e Eu rop ean m arin e region al con ven tion s/ action p lan s with th e EEA an d ETC/ MCE; to im p rove workin g relation s an d task sh arin g, accord in g to th e EEA’s m an d ate of p rovid in g reliable, h arm on ised an d objective in form ation on th e state of th e Eu rop ean en viron m en t. Th ree IRF m eetin gs h ave been h eld so far. Th e first two m eetin gs were h eld in Rom e in October 1996 and November 1997, respectively; the third meeting was held in Venice on Sep tem ber 1999 an d con cen trated atten tion on th e top ics selected by th e p reviou s IRF m eetin g. Th ese were: geograp h ical in form ation system s; statistical tools; biological effects of con tam in an ts an d tran sp ort mod els; u se of earth obser vation d ata for th e assessm en t of th e statu s of th e m arin e/ coastal en viron m en t; h arm on isation of rep ortin g, d ata exch an ge an d m an agem en t am on g con ven tion s an d th e EEA. Th e th ird m eetin g con clu d ed th at follow-u p activities were n eed ed to im p rove availability, access an d m an agem en t of d ata, id en tification of in d icators an d th e u se of GIS as a tool for th e en viron m en tal assessm en t. Th ree workin g grou p s were con ven ed with th e p articip ation s of rep resen tatives from th e EEA, ETC/ MCE, O SPAR, H elcom , AMAP, MAP, BSEP, ICES, Eu rop ean Com m ission ( JRC-SAI an d th e En viron m en t DG) . Each workin g grou p m et twice in 2000 an d rep orted to th e IRF Steerin g Grou p at th e m eetin g in Cop en h agen on 14 an d 15 Decem ber 2000. 2.1.2. IRF Working Group on Data Strategy Th e workin g grou p followed an ap p roach for a ‘d ata strategy’ wh ich con sisted of th e followin g th ree step s: the setting of an objective (as an ultimate aim) for an ‘ideal’ situation with regard to availability, access an d m an agem en t of m arin e en viron m en tal d ata; a com p arison of th at id eal with th e p resen t situ ation ; d evelop m en t of th e p ath way to reach th e id eal. Th e workin g grou p con sid ered a d ata strategy in relation to th e d evelop m en t of in d icator-based reports that are intended to provide timely information in a user-friendly manner on p riority p olicy. Aggregated d ata ( an n u al m ean valu es p er cou n tr y or station / area) for in d icators are n eed ed on an an n u al an d tim ely basis for th e followin g p riority top ics: eu trop h ication : riverin e in p u ts of P an d N, atm osph eric d ep osition of P an d N, m arin e con cen tration of P an d N ( im p act in d icators on p lan kton an d ben th os are u n d er d evelop m en t) ; h azard ou s su bstan ces: riverin e in p u ts, atm osp h ericd ep osition an d con cen tration s in biota ( an d sed im en t) of H g, Pb, Cd , PCBs, lin d an e, ( TBT) ;
