THEBIOLOGICAL BULLETINAUGUST 1999Editor MICHAEL J. GREENBERG The of FloridaWhitney Laboratory, UniversityAssociate Editors Louis E. BURNETT Grice Marine of CharlestonBiological Laboratory. CollegeR. ANDREW CAMERON California Institute of TechnologyCHARLES D. DERBY StateGeorgia UniversityMICHAEL LABARBERA ofUniversity ChicagoSection Editor SHINYA INDUE, and MarineImaging Microscopy Biological LaboratoryOnline Editors JAMES A. to Marine ENSR MarineBLAKE, & Coastal Center, Woods HoleKeysInvertebrates the Woods Holeof RegionWILLIAM D. Marine Models Hunter of NewCOHEN, YorkCollege, City UniversityElectronic Record and CompendiaEditorial Board PETER B. ARMSTRONG of DavisCalifornia,UniversityERNEST S. CHANG Marine of DavisLab., California.Bodega UniversityTHOMAS H. DIETZ Louisiana State UniversityRICHARD B. EMLET Institute of Marine LIniv. ofOregon Biology, OregonDAVID EPEL Marine StanfordStation,Hopkins UniversityGREGORY HINKLE Cereon Genomics. MassachusettsCambridge.MAKOTO KOBAYASHI Hiroshima of Economics,University JapanDONAL T. MANAHAN of Southern CaliforniaUniversityMARGARET MCFALL-NGAI Kewalo Marine of HawaiiLaboratory, UniversityMARK W. MILLER Institute of of Puerto RicoNeurobiology,TATSUO MOTOKAWA Institute ofTokyo Technology, JapanYOSHITAKA NAGAHAMA National for Basic Biology, JapanSHERRY D. PAINTER Marine Biomed. Inst.. Univ. of Texas Medical BranchJ. HERBERT WAITE of California, Santa BarbaraUniversityRICHARD K. ZIMMER of Los ...
THE
BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN
AUGUST 1999
Editor MICHAEL J. GREENBERG The of FloridaWhitney Laboratory, University
Associate Editors Louis E. BURNETT Grice Marine of CharlestonBiological Laboratory. College
R. ANDREW CAMERON California Institute of Technology
CHARLES D. DERBY StateGeorgia University
MICHAEL LABARBERA ofUniversity Chicago
Section Editor SHINYA INDUE, and MarineImaging Microscopy Biological Laboratory
Online Editors JAMES A. to Marine ENSR MarineBLAKE, & Coastal Center, Woods HoleKeys
Invertebrates the Woods Holeof Region
WILLIAM D. Marine Models Hunter of NewCOHEN, YorkCollege, City University
Electronic Record and Compendia
Editorial Board PETER B. ARMSTRONG of DavisCalifornia,University
ERNEST S. CHANG Marine of DavisLab., California.Bodega University
THOMAS H. DIETZ Louisiana State University
RICHARD B. EMLET Institute of Marine LIniv. ofOregon Biology, Oregon
DAVID EPEL Marine StanfordStation,Hopkins University
GREGORY HINKLE Cereon Genomics. MassachusettsCambridge.
MAKOTO KOBAYASHI Hiroshima of Economics,University Japan
DONAL T. MANAHAN of Southern CaliforniaUniversity
MARGARET MCFALL-NGAI Kewalo Marine of HawaiiLaboratory, University
MARK W. MILLER Institute of of Puerto RicoNeurobiology,
TATSUO MOTOKAWA Institute ofTokyo Technology, Japan
YOSHITAKA NAGAHAMA National for Basic Biology, Japan
SHERRY D. PAINTER Marine Biomed. Inst.. Univ. of Texas Medical Branch
J. HERBERT WAITE of California, Santa BarbaraUniversity
RICHARD K. ZIMMER of Los Angeles
Editorial Office PAMELA CLAPP HINKLE EditorManaging
VICTORIA R. GIBSON Staff Editor
CAROL SCHACHINGER Editorial Assistant
&PATRICIA BURNS Subscription Advertising Secretary
Published by
MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
WOODS MASSACHUSETTSHOLE,Cover
The sea chloroticaascoglossan slug, Elysia
shown(Gould), on the cover S. K.(photograph by
Pierce), seeks out and eats a chromo-specifically
Vancheria litorea. Like certain otherphytic alga,
of sea E. chlorotica has thespecies slugs, developed
to the from itsability acquire chloroplasts algal
foodstuff and to utilize them for nutrition. The
areplastids usually engulfed by particular epithelial
cells in the wheredigestive gland they photosyn-
thesize and, in some sufficient nu-species, provide
trients to sustain life and even whenreproduction
isno other food available.
In E. chlorotica, the function of the chlo-captured
is maintained for to 8 months aroplasts up surpris-
similaringly long period, surpassing chloroplast sym-
bioses months. thisby many Throughout period,
furthermore, areplastid proteins continuously synthe-
and some of thesized, to be encodedproteins appear
the Another remarkable feature ofby slug genome.
these is the end of the annualslug populations abrupt
life all of the animals
cycle dying synchronously,
whether in the or in the field.laboratory
In this issue. Pierce and his 1Skip )colleagues (p.
a viral infection of thereport widespread slug pop-
this also occurs andulation; phenomenon annually
is coincident with the mass The virusesmortality.
seem to be and have(see inset) endogenous many
characteristics in common with retroviruses. The
that the viruses not bereport suggests may only
involved in the of the liferegulation slug's cycle,
but be the means which aremay by algal genes
transferred to the slug genome.CONTENTS
No I: AUGUST 1999VOLUME 197,
NadavNOTES T., Michael R. Maxwell, Shashar,RESEARCH Hanlon, Roger
Ellis R. and Kim-LauraLoew, Boyle
in theAn of behaviorK. E.K., ethogram body patterningPierce, Sidney Timothy Maugel, Mary
valuablebiomedicallv andL.Hanteii, and William commercially squid LoligoRumpho, Jeffrey J. Mondy
49off Massachusettslife Cod,Annual viral in a sea /mild Capeexpression slug population:
PaulBushmann,maintenance . 1control and J.symbiotic chloroplastcycle
behavioral in blueConcurrent andKristen A. F.Florence I.M., Edwards, signals plasticityThomas, Toby
63crab Rathbun)and M. Zande (Callinectr* courtshipA. Sewell, uipidiuBolton, Mary Jill
to shear stress: the role ofMechanical resistance
7echinoderm extracellular layers PHYSIOLOGYegg
and R. Ben-YakirS. Ben-Yakir,Rinkevich, B.,
of avian bone a coralbyRegeneration amputated and Gisele Muller-ParkerP.,Engebretson, Hilary
11skeletal implant from twoTranslocation of carbonphotosynthetic
to the sea anemonealgal symbionts Anthopleura
72
elegantissimaECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIONEric Richard R. Strath-Miner, G., Sanford,Benjamin
and Richard B. Emletmann, Bruno Fernet,
and of Eric R.Functional M., G. Blackburn, andevolutionary implications opposed Grabowski, Gregory John
inand extensive oral ciliationmouths,bands, big Lacy
14and echiurids of the alka-larval (Annelida) and ionopheliids Morphology epithelial transport
andElizabeth Erin C. ... 82Sonke, Balser, Fisher, line in the AtlanticJ. sabina)Johnsen, gland stingray (Dasyatis
Edith A. Widder E. ManziPatrick and Adriana
J.,Krug,
Bioluminescence in the cirrate asWaterborne and surface-associateddeep-sea octopod carbohydrates
. 26Staurotnithis Verrill of the marinesettlement cues for larvaesyitensis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) specialist
94herbivore Ahitri/i moritsta
and EmersonO.R., C.J.Chaparro, R.J. Thompson,NEUROBIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
larva of the Chil-The velar ciliature in the brooded
104ean Ostrea cltiltnsis 1845)(Philippi,oyster
Richard P.Ralf Heinrich,Ganter, K.,Geoffrey Bunge,
and Edward A. Kravitz
culture of lobster centralLong-term ganglia; expres-
the Marine .... R 140 Annual ofsion of in identified neurons Biological LaboratoryReportforeign genesTHE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN
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