From the Local to the Global , livre ebook

FROM THE LOCAL TO THE GLOBAL
From the Local to the Global
Key Issues in Development Studies
Third edition
Edited by Gerard McCann and Stephen McCloskey
First published 2003 Second edition published 2009 Third edition published 2015 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright © Gerard McCann and Stephen McCloskey 2003, 2009, 2015
The right of the individual contributors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 0 7453 3474 5 Hardback ISBN 978 0 7453 3473 8 Paperback ISBN 978 1 7837 1281 6 PDF eBook ISBN 978 1 7837 1283 0 Kindle eBook ISBN 978 1 7837 1282 3 EPUB eBook
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin.
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Contents Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations
 
  Introduction: Creating New Paradigms for Development Stephen McCloskey
  PART I  DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE AND DEFINITIONS
  1
  Measuring Human Development Andy Storey
  2
  A Human Rights Based Approach to Development Máire Braniff and Paul Hainsworth
  PART II  THE ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT
  3
  Overseas Development Aid: Is It Working? Patrick Marren
  4
  Trade, Development and Inequality Denis O’Hearn
  5
  Debt Injustice in the Global North and South Nessa Ní Chasaide
  PART III  DEVELOPMENT POLICY
  6
  Climate Change: Reorienting the Development Agenda David Selby
  7
  Europe, Development and the Colonial Legacy Gerard McCann
  8
  Post-2015 Development Assessment: Proposed Goals and Indicators Walden Bello
  9
  Women Contributing to Gender-Just, Equitable and Sustainable Development Patricia Muñoz-Cabrera
  10
  The Complexity of Migration Michal Cenker
  PART IV  REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  11
  Rethinking Latin America: Back to the Future? Ronaldo Munck
  12
  The Arab Spring: Trading Development for Stability Heba M. Khalil
  13
  China: The New Face of Development Russell Duncan
  14
  Meaningful Development Goals and Sub-Saharan Africa Chrispin R. Matenga
  PART V  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
  15
  Children, Childhood and Work: Perceptions and Practices Madeleine Leonard
  16
  Development Education as an Agent of Social Change Stephen McCloskey
  Conclusion: Neoliberal Decline and International Development Post-2015 Gerard McCann
  Notes on Contributors Index
Acknowledgements
This book could not have been compiled without the support and encouragement of our respective institutions, the Centre for Global Education and St. Mary’s University College. We have benefited from the support of colleagues, and particularly thank Giulia Maira for her editorial work on our behalf. We also thank the non-governmental organisations and social movements that have supported the research invested in the book and for the inspiration of their work in challenging inequalities and injustices locally and globally. At Pluto Press, we thank David Shulman and Robert Webb for encouraging us to embark on a third edition and for managing the editing process with great patience and professionalism. As editors, we are completely dependent on contributors adhering to deadlines and delivering quality manuscripts and were fortunate in both respects. All of the authors committed themselves fully to the book amid busy professional lives and for this we are very grateful. As editors we take full and ultimate responsibility for the content of the publication.
Gerard McCann Stephen McCloskey May 2015
Abbreviations AASM Associated African and Malagasy States ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific ADBG African Development Bank Group AfRI Action from Ireland AI Amnesty International AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ART anti-retroviral treatment ARV AIDS-associated retrovirus ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BRICS Brazil, India, China and South Africa CAP Common Agricultural Policy CARICOM Caribbean Community CCP China’s Communist Party CCP Common Commercial Policy CEDAW Convention to Eliminate all forms of Discrimination Against Women CEO Corporate Europe Observatory CGTP Central General de Trabajadores del Peru CIOSC China Information Office of the State Council CMC Chinese Ministry of Commerce CO 2 carbon dioxide COI Central Office of Information CPR civil and political rights CSO Central Statistics Office CSO civil society organisation DAC Development Assistance Committee DARE Development Awareness Raising and Education DDCI Debt and Development Coalition Ireland DE development education DEC development education centres DfID Department for International Development DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DRR disaster risk reduction EBA Everything But Arms EC European Community ECB European Central Bank ECESR Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights EDF European Development Fund EEAS European External Action Service ELI export-led industrialisation EMN European Migration Network EPA economic partnership agreement EPRI Electric Power Research Institute ESC economic, social and cultural rights ESD education for sustainable development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) FDI foreign direct investment FTA free trade agreement FSA Free Syrian Army G8 Group of Leading Industrial Powers G77 Group of 77 Developing Nations GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GBS general budget support GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP gross domestic product GFC global financial crisis GNI gross national income GNP gross national product GSP generalised system of preferences HDI Human Development Index HDR Human Development Report HFA Hyogo Framework for Action HIPC highly indebted poor country HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HRBA Human Rights-based Approach ICCL Irish Council of Civil Liberties ICJP Irish Commission for Justice and Peace IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDEA Irish Development Education Association IDP internally displaced persons IFC International Finance Corporation IFI international financial institutions ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund INGO international non-governmental organisation IO international organisations IOM International Organisation for Migration IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPEC International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IS Islamic State ISI import-substitution industrialisation IT information technology JDC Jubilee Debt Campaign JHWU Jamaica Household Workers Union LDC least developed country LGTTB lesbian, gay, transgender, transsexual, bisexual MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China MoU memorandum of understanding NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAO National Audit Office NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NEF New Economics Foundation NERI National Environmental Research Institute NGO non-governmental organisation OCT Overseas Collectivities [Countries] and Territories ODA official development assistance ODA Overseas Development Administration ODI Overseas Development Institute OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights PPM parts per million PPP purchasing power parity PPR Participation and Practice of Rights Project R2P responsibility to protect RFC reasons for concern S2BN Seattle to Brussels Network SAP structural adjustment programmes SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEZ special economic zones SOE state-owned enterprise SRHR sexual and reproductive health rights STABEX Stabilisation of Export Earnings from Products TB tuberculosis TPPA Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement TNC transnational corporations TNI Transnational Institute TRIPS Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights TTIP Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership UAE United Arab Emirates UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS UNCED UN Conference on Environment and Development UNDESA UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP UN Development Programme UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa UNECLA UN Economic Commission for Latin America UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNGA UN General Assembly UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHDR UN Human Development Report UNICEF UN Children’s Emergency Fund UNISDR UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction US United States (of America) USAID US Agency for International Development USD US dollar VAT value added tax VAWG Violence against Women and Girls WB World Bank WDM World Development Movement WIDE Women in Development Europe WSF World Social Forum WTO World Trade Organization
Introduction: Creating New Paradigms for Development
Stephen McCloskey
The publication of the third edition of From the Local to the Global appears at an important juncture for international development and the perennial debate on how we ‘develop’ as communities within nations living on a planet with a finite capacity to sustain our current modes of production and growth. The first edition of this book (2003) was published in the aftermath of the Millennium Summit in 2000 which agreed the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that have guided global development policy over the past 15 years. The MDGs had the overarching target of reducing by half the number of people living in extreme poverty (less than