Modern Management of High Grade Glioma, Part II, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics , livre ebook

Modern Management of High Grade Glioma, Part II
Neurosurgery Clinics North America
Isaac Yang, MD
UCLA Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 695 Charles East Young Drive South, UCLA Gonda 3357, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
Seunggu J. Han, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
ISSN  1042-3680
Volume 23 • Number 3 • 2012
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Modern Management of High Grade Glioma, Part II
Immunotherapy for Glioma
Introduction
Tumor-associated immunosuppression
Immunotherapy
Multimodality immunotherapy
Summary
Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment with Clinical Trials for Surgical Resection (Aminolevulinic Acid)
Early work
The German multi-institutional trial
Dartmouth studies
Proposed RTOG trial
Summary
Potential Role for STAT3 Inhibitors in Glioblastoma
Introduction
STAT3 signaling pathway
Role of STAT3 in oncogenesis
Approaches to STAT3 inhibition
Summary
CD133 as a Marker for Regulation and Potential for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Introduction
Discovery of CD133
CD133 as a stem cell marker
CD133 − cells in gliomas
Linking CD133 − and CD133 + subpopulations
Contribution to angiogenesis
Therapeutic potential
Clinical Trials of Small Molecule Inhibitors in High-Grade Glioma
Chemotherapy: opportunities for optimization in high-grade glioma
What is an SMI?
Epidermal-derived growth factor receptor
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
Inhibition of intracellular signaling cascades
RAS/RAF
PI3K
β-Protein kinase C
Other agents
Future directions
Molecular Characteristics and Pathways of Avastin for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Introduction
Molecular mechanism of bevacizumab
VEGF and bevacizumab
The effect of bevacizumab on other treatments
Summary
Potential Usefulness of Radiosensitizers in Glioblastoma
Introduction
Radiosensitization: a conceptual basis
Inhibition of DNA replication
Microtubule stabilizers/destabilizers
Augmentation of redox stress
Inhibition of angiogenesis
Signal pathway inhibition
Future directions
Nanotechnology Applications for Glioblastoma
Introduction
Magnetic nanoparticles
Nanoparticalized chemotherapeutic agents
Gene delivery with nanoparticles
Nanoparticles for brachytherapy
Gold nanoparticle phototherapy
Malignant brain tumor delivery of nanoparticles
Future studies
Summary
Endogenous Vaults and Bioengineered Vault Nanoparticles for Treatment of Glioblastomas
Introduction
Vault nanoparticles: an overview
MVP: the MVP subunit
v PARP: the v PARP subunit
TEP1: the TEP1 subunit
Untranslated RNA
Vaults and the CNS
Potential uses for future therapies
Summary
Clinical Trials with Immunotherapy for High-Grade Glioma
Introduction
Adoptive immunotherapy
Active immunotherapy
Immunomodulation
Challenges
Summary
IDH Mutations in Human Glioma
Introduction
IDH1: function
IDH1 mutations in human glioma
Putative role of IDH1 mutations in gliomagenesis
IDH1 mutations and other glioma-associated genetic characteristics
Role of IDH1 mutation in prognosis and response to treatment in human glioma
Detection of IDH1 mutations
IDH mutations in other brain tumors
Summary
Passive Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
Passive immunotherapy
AIT: LAK cells
AIT: CTL
Antibody-mediated immunotherapy
Summary
Use of Language Mapping to Aid in Resection of Gliomas in Eloquent Brain Regions
Introduction
Rationale for extensive resection
Preoperative imaging for language mapping
Intraoperative language testing and ESM
Postoperative goals and assessment
Summary
Quality of Life and Outcomes in Glioblastoma Management
Introduction
Radiological considerations on the quality of life and outcomes in GBM
Surgical considerations on the QOL and outcomes in GBM
Radiotherapy considerations on the quality of life and outcomes in GBM
Chemotherapeutic considerations on the QOL and outcomes in GBM
Value of hospice care
Summary
High-Grade Gliomas in Children
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathology
Treatment
Outcome
Future directions
Summary
Index
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITORS

ANDREW T. PARSA, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Principal Investigator, Brain Tumor Research Center, Reza and Georgianna Khatib Endowed Chair in Skull Base Tumor Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

PAUL C. McCORMICK, md, mph, facs
Herbert & Linda Gallen Professor of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
GUEST EDITORS

ISAAC YANG, MD
Assistant Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Department of Neurosurgery; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Malignant Brain Tumor Program, Los Angeles, California

SEUNGGU J. HAN, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
AUTHORS

ELIZABETH ALLCUT, MD
Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

ANUBHAV G. AMIN, BS
Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

MISHA AMOLIS, BS
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

ALEXANDROS BOURAS, MD
Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

TENE A. CAGE, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

FRANCES CHOW, BA
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California

WINWARD CHOY, BA
Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

CHAIM B. COLEN, MD, PhD
Director, Neurosurgical Oncology and Epilepsy Surgery, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Oakland Medical School, Beaumont Health System, Grosse Pointe, Detroit, Michigan

SAMUEL E. DAY, PhD
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado

XIAOYAO FAN, BE
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire

CHRISTINA FONG, BS
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

HEATHER M. GARCIA, BS
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

MATTHEW C. GARRETT, MD
Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

NALIN GUPTA, MD, PhD
Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

DAPHNE HAAS-KOGAN, MD
Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

COSTAS G. HADJIPANAYIS, MD, PhD
Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

SEUNGGU J. HAN, MD
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

YASUAKI HARASAKI, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado

BRENT T. HARRIS, MD, PhD
Department of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC

ALEXANDER HARTOV, PhD
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire

CHRISTOPHER JACKSON, BA
Departments of Neurological Surgery and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

SONGBAI JI, DSc
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire

MILOTA KALUZOVA, PhD
Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

WON KIM, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

CAROL A. KRUSE, PhD
Professor, Department of Neurosurgery; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

FREDERIC LEBLOND, PhD
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire

LINDA M. LIAU, MD, PhD
Professor and Vice Chair of Neurosurgery, Director, UCLA Brain Tumor Program, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

MICHAEL LIM, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Departments of Neurological Surgery and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

SABINE MUELLER, MD, PhD
Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

DANIEL T. NAGASAWA, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California

EDJAH K. NDUOM, MD
Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

ANDREW T. PARSA, MD,