Understanding Contemporary Ireland

Edited by Brendan Bartley and Rob Kitchin

Description

This is an account of Ireland in the twenty first century and the remarkable economic and social transformations that have occurred since the late 1980s.



The 'Celtic Tiger' phenomenon made Ireland the focus of much attention in recent years. Other countries have openly declared that they want to follow the Irish economic and social model. Yet there is no book that gives a comprehensive, spatially informed analysis of the Irish experience.



This book fills that gap. Divided into four parts - planning and development, the economy, the political landscape, and population and social issues - the book explains a particular aspect of Ireland and Irish life. The authors reveal how the transformations that have occurred are uneven and unequal in their effects across the country and highlight the challenges now facing Irish society and policy-makers.
About the Contributors

Acknowledgements

1. Ireland in the Twenty First Century by Rob Kitchin and Brendan Bartley

Part One: Planning and Development

Section introduction

2. Planning in Ireland by Brendan Bartley

3. Regional development: trends, policies and strategies by James A. Walsh

4. Recent development of the Irish urban systems by Des McCafferty

5. Urban property development by Andrew MacLaran and Sinead Kelly

6. Rural development - retrospect and prospect by John McDonagh

7. Transport by James Killen

8. Strategic spatial planning in Northern Ireland by Michael Murray and Brendan Murtagh

Part Two: Economy

Section introduction

9.The manufacturing sector by Chris Van Egeraat and Proinnsias Breathnach

10. The services sector by Proinnsias Breathnach

11. Agriculture in transition by James A. Walsh

12. Tourism and heritage by Catherine Kelly

Part Three: Political landscape

Section introduction

13. Political landscape of the Republic of Ireland by Adrian Kavanagh

14. Transformations in governance by Joe Larragy and Brendan Bartley

15. Green Ireland? The governance of waste by Honor Fagan and Michael Murray

16. The meaning of Northern Ireland by Brian Graham

Part Four: Population and social issues

Section introduction

17. Immigration: Labour migrants and asylum seekers and refugees by Piaras MacÉinrí

18. Transformations in housing by Mary Corcoran, Patrick Duffy and Karen Keaveney

19. Deprivation and its spatial articulation by Trutz Haase

20. Health and disease by Frank Houghton and Dennis Pringle

21. 'For the way we live today': consumption, lifestyle and place in Ireland by Denis Linehan

Conclusion

22. Ireland now and in the future by Rob Kitchin and Brendan Bartley

Notes

References

Index

Sujets

• Social Science
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sociology
• Ireland
• Stephen Ireland

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 20 décembre 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781849642835
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

UNDERSTANDING
CONTEMPORARY IRELAND
Edited by
Brendan Bartley and Rob Kitchin
Pluto P Press
LONDON DUBLIN ANN ARBOR, MI
BBartley 00 pre iiiartley 00 pre iii 224/10/06 15:00:034/10/06 15:00:03First published 2007 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
Distributed in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland by
Gill & Macmillan Distribution, Hume Avenue, Park West, Dublin 12, Ireland.
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Copyright © Brendan Bartley & Rob Kitchin 2007
The right of the individual contributors to be identifi ed as the authors of this work has been
asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Hardback
ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2595 8
ISBN-10 0 7453 2595 5

Paperback
ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2594 1
ISBN-10 0 7453 2594 7
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for

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Designed and produced for Pluto Press by
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BBartley 00 pre ivartley 00 pre iv 24/10/06 15:00:0324/10/06 15:00:03Dedicated to John Driscoll and Tim O’Connor
BBartley 00 pre vartley 00 pre v 224/10/06 15:00:034/10/06 15:00:03Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the contributors to this volume for writing an
interesting set of chapters that followed our brief; Aine Smith, Mary O’Brien,
Tara Wynne and Martin Charlton for producing some of the maps and data;
and Emma Murphy for help with some editorial tasks. The Department of
Environment, Heritage and Local Government generously supported the
production of this work through a publication grant. We also thank Jong
Kim, Masterplan Associates, Town Planning and Development Consultants,
<www.masterplan.ie> for additional fi nancial support.
Figures 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.3, 6.1, 9.2, 9.4, 9.5, 13.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3,
19.1, 19.3, and 20.1 are reproduced by kind permission of Ordnance Survey,
© Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland, Copyright Permit No.
MP005706.
BBartley 00 pre viartley 00 pre vi 224/10/06 15:00:034/10/06 15:00:03Contents
1. Ireland in the Twenty-fi rst Century 1
Rob Kitchin and Brendan Bartley
PART I: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Introduction 27
2. Planning in Ireland 31
Brendan Bartley
3. Regional Development 44
James A. Walsh
4. Urban Systems 57
Des McCafferty
5. Urban Property Development 71
Andrew MacLaran and Sinéad Kelly
6. Rural Development 88
John McDonagh
7. Transport 100
James E. Killen
8. Strategic Spatial Planning in Northern Ireland 112
Michael R. Murray and Brendan Murtagh
PART II: ECONOMY
Introduction 125
9. The Manufacturing Sector 128
Chris Van Egeraat and Proinnsias Breathnach
10. The Services Sector 146
Proinnsias Breathnach
11. Agriculture in Transition 158
James A. Walsh
12. Tourism and Heritage 170
Catherine Kelly
PART III: POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
Introduction 181
13. Elections and Voting 185
Adrian Kavanagh
14. Transformations in Governance 197
Joe Larragy and Brendan Bartley
vii
BBartley 00 pre viiartley 00 pre vii 224/10/06 15:00:034/10/06 15:00:03viii CONTENTS
15. Green Ireland? The Governance of Waste 208
G. Honor Fagan and Michael J. Murray
16. The Meaning of Northern Ireland 221
Brian Graham
PART IV: POPULATION AND SOCIAL ISSUES
Introduction 233
17. Immigration: Labour Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees 236
Piaras Mac Éinrí
18. Transformations in Housing 249
Mary P. Corcoran, Karen Keaveney and Patrick J. Duffy
19. Deprivation and its Spatial Articulation 264
Trutz Haase
20. Health and Disease 279
Frank Houghton and Dennis Pringle
21. ‘For the Way We Live Today’: Consumption, Lifestyle and Place 289
Denis Linehan
CONCLUSION
22. Ireland Now and in the Future 301
Rob Kitchin and Brendan Bartley
Notes 309
References 313
About the contributors 335
Index 337
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Real GDP growth in Ireland, 1990–2004 8
1.2 Unemployment rate in Ir8
1.3 Cartograms of population change in Ireland, 1841–2002 16
1.4 Population change in Ireland, 1996–2002 17
1.5 Travel to work patterns 2002: gateway and hub catchment areas 19
3.1 Gateways and hubs as defi ned by the National Spatial Strategy
2002 47
3.2 National transport framework as defi ned by the National
Spatial Strategy 2002 55
4.1 Urban centres over 5,000 population in Ireland and Northern
Ireland, 2001/02 65
4.2 Development of the urban system in Ireland, 1981 and 2002 68
5.1 Completion of offi ce space in Dublin, 1960–2005 (estimated) 74
5.2 Location of offi ce space completed in Dublin, 1960–2004 75
5.3 Inner-city tax-incentive areas for property-based renewal 76
Bartley 00 pre viiiBartley 00 pre viii 224/10/06 15:00:034/10/06 15:00:03 CONTENTS ix
5.4 Offi ce development in the tax-incentive areas 77
5.5 Liberty Hall, central Dublin 80
5.6 Central Park, Sandyford-Leopardstown 80
5.7 Dublin’s inner-40 wards 83
6.1 Rural typology of Ireland, 2001 91
7.1 Rail and air transport infrastructure 103
8.1 Six key centres of growth identifi ed by the Matthew Report
(1963) 114
8.2 Regional Physical Development Strategy (1977) growth centres 115
8.3 Regional Development Strategy, 2001 118
9.1 Employment in computer assembly plants, 1980–99 137
9.2 Location of main microcomputer assemblers in Ireland and
Scotland, 1998 and 2003 138
9.3 Employment in the pharmaceutical sector, 1972–93 140
9.4 Location of drug product operations, 2003 142
9.5 Loca active ingredient operations, 2003 143
12.1 Trends in international visitor movements, 1990–2004 171
12.2 Trtional tourism revenues, 1990–2004 172
13.1 Voter turn-out in Ireland, 2004 local elections 194
13.2 Differences in by-election and general election turn-outs,
1998–2005 195
18.1 Density per sq. km. single rural dwellings 1991–2002 251
18.2 Density per sq. km. in Clew Bay Area: single rural dwellings
1991–2002 259
18.3 Percentage of holiday homes in Clew Bay Area, 2002 260
19.1 Overall affl uence and deprivation, 1991 272
19.2 Overall affl vation, 2002 273
19.3 Relative affl va274
20.1 Age-sex standardised mortality ratios, 1970s and 1990s 282
LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Ireland’s receipts from/payments to EU budget 10
1.2 Numbers of workers travelling different distances to work,
1981–2002 18
2.1 Policy phases and related trends in Ireland 32
2.2 Four models of urban regeneration in Dublin 39
3.1 Employment and unemployment by region, 2005 49
3.2 Percentage of total employ sector in each region, 2005 49
3.3 Characteristics of gateways and hubs 54
4.1 Population change by town size category, 1981–2002, Republic
of Ireland 59
4.2 Trends in the number and average size of centres, 1981–2002 60
4.3 Population change by town size category, 1981–98,
Northern Ireland 61
BBartley 00 pre ixartley 00 pre ix 24/10/06 15:00:0324/10/06 15:00:03x CONTENTS
4.4 Measures of population concentration within the urban systems 63
4.5 Density of urban centres, 2001–02 66
5.1. Location of Dublin residential units completed 1989–2003 83
5.2 Population of the inner-40 Dublin wards and the County
Borough, 1991–2002 84
5.3 Age Structure of the inner-40 Dublin wards, 1991 and 2002 85
5.4 Social class structure of the inner-40 Dublin wards,
1991 and 2002 85
7.1 Population of the Republic of Ireland and number of vehicles,
1971–2002 102
7.2 Railway traffi c, 1980–2003 104
7.3 Greater Dublin region: population, car ownership and public
transport trends 1961–2002 108
7.4 Airport and port traffi c, 1980–2003 110
9.1 Sectoral composition of manufacturing, 1991 and 2000 132
9.2 Employment, gross output and exports in manufacturing by
nationality 132
10.1 Change in services employment, 1991–2002 149
11.1 Percentage distribution of farms by farm type, 2000 163
11.2 Summary characteristics of farms and farmers by type of farm,
2000 164
11.3 Percentage distribution of farm types by economic size class,
12.1 Domestic tourist activities 173
12.2 Heritage and tourism governance structures in Ireland 177
13.1 Share of national vote, 2002–04 189
14.1 EU and Irish policy linkages 206
15.1 Total waste generated in 2004 211
15.2 Waste indicators, 2001–03 217
17.1 Emigration from and immigration to Ireland, and net
migration rates, 1995–2004 238
17.2 Applications for asylum in the Republic of Ireland, 1992–2004 239
17.3 Work permits by sector, 1999–2004 240
17.4 PPSNs issued to EU accession-state workers,
May 2004–May 2006 241
21.1 Consumption per capita in selected OECD countries, 2002 290
21.2 Litres of beer consumed per person per year, 2002 293
21.3 Key economic indicators 1997–2003, percentage volume change 296
21.4 Household budget expenditure (percentage share), 1975–2001 298
Bartley 00 pre xBartley 00 pre x 224/10/06 15:00:044/10/06 15:00:041
Ireland in the Twenty-fi rst Century
Rob Kitchin and Brendan Bartley
By any standards, the Republic of Ireland (henceforth Ireland) is a country
that has undergone enormous transformations since the start of the 1990s.
Economically, socially, culturally, politically, environmentally, there have been
profound changes to the Irish landscape and everyday life. Concurrently,
Ireland’s position on the world stage has been elevated. Ireland is no longer
a poor nation on the periphery of Europe characterised by a weak economy
and high emigration. Ireland is a country with a booming economy that is
the envy of many nations. Economic growth over the last decade has been
double or more that of its European neighbours, and wealth levels in terms of
average income are amongst the highest of any developed nation. A sustained
growth in population, fuelled by return migration, immigrants seeking work,
and natural increase, has meant that in 2004 the population exceeded 4 milli