Notes and Queries, Number 08, December 22, 1849
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Notes and Queries, Number 08, December 22, 1849

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1849.12.22, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Notes & Queries 1849.12.22 Author: Various Release Date: March 22, 2004 [EBook #11652] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1849.12.22 *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Joshua Hutchinson and PG Distributed Proofreaders. Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early Journals. {113} NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE. Price Threepence. No. 8. Saturday, December 22, 1849. Stamped Edition 4d. CONTENTS. NOTES:— Otloh, the Scribe, by S.W. Singe Notes on Cunningham's London, by E. Rimbault Wives of Ecclesiastics Tower Royal Ancient Inscribed Dish, by Albert Way Barnacles, by W. B. MacCabe Dorne the Bookseller Rev. W. Stephen's Sermons Roger de Coverley Minor Notes:—Omission of Dei Gratia—Grace's Card—Florins— John Hopkins the Psalmist Notes in answer to Minor Queries:—Genealogy of European Sovereigns—Countess of Pembroke's Letter, Drayton's Poems, &c. —Viz.

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{113}The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1849.12.22, by VariousThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.netTitle: Notes & Queries 1849.12.22Author: VariousRelease Date: March 22, 2004 [EBook #11652]Language: EnglishCharacter set encoding: ISO-8859-1*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1849.12.22 ***Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Joshua Hutchinson and PG DistributedProofreaders. Produced from page scans provided by Internet Libraryof Early Journals.NOTES AND QUERIES:A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FORLITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,GENEALOGISTS, ETC."When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.No. 8.PriceSaturday, December 22, 1849.Threepence.Stamped Edition4d.CONTENTS.NOTES:—Otloh, the Scribe, by S.W. SingeNotes on Cunningham's London, by E. RimbaultWives of EcclesiasticsTower RoyalAncient Inscribed Dish, by Albert WayBarnacles, by W. B. MacCabeDorne the BooksellerRev. W. Stephen's SermonsRoger de CoverleyMinor Notes:—Omission of Dei Gratia—Grace's Card—Florins—John Hopkins the PsalmistNotes in answer to Minor Queries:—Genealogy of EuropeanSovereigns—Countess of Pembroke's Letter, Drayton's Poems, &c.—Viz. the corruption of Videlicot—Authors of Old Plays—Birthplace
of Coverdale—CaraccioliQUERIES:—Love, the King's FoolMare de Saham, &c.The Advent BellsThe PoetsMr. Poore's Literary Collections, &c., by S. BrittonThe Middle Temple, by E. FossMinor Queries:—Henry Lord Darnley—Coffee the LacedaemonianBlack Broth—Letters of Mrs. Chiffinch—Sangred—Dowts ofScripture—Catsup—Nation's Ballads—To endeavour Oneself—Date of Anonymous Ravennas—Battle of Towton—A Peal of Bells—Lines quotes by Goethe—MS. Sermons by Jeremy Taylor—Papers of John Wilkes—John Ross MackayMISCELLANEOUS:—Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c.Books and Odd Volumes wantedNotices to CorrespondentsAdvertisementsWHAT BOOKS DID OTLOH WRITE?Sir,—In Dr. Maitland's able vindication of the Dark Ages (p. 419. 1st ed.), heconcludes his interesting extract from the scribe Otloh's account of himself bysaying:—"One would like to know what books they were which Otlohnus thusmultiplied; but this, perhaps, is now impossible." I have it accidentally in mypower to identify two at least of the number; and if it was his universal practiceto subscribe his name, as he does in these instances, a search into theprincipal repositories of MSS. would, no doubt, give a large list. A valuable MS.volume in my possession has been thus described by a learned Benedictine:"Codex Membranaceus constans foliis 223 numerando; sæculis ix. desinente,x. et xi. incipiente, variis manibus scriptus, per partes qui in unum collectus, exscriptis variis natidæ scripturæ carlovingicæ, varia continens: 1° Vita et Passio,seu Martirium S. Dionisii; scripta fuit ab Hilduino Abbate Coenobii S. Dionisii inFrancia sub Ludovico Pio." It is said that Hilduinus was the first writer who gavethe marvellous story of the saint carrying his own head in his hand for nearlytwo miles after his decapitation. But he tells us that he abridged his narration exGræcam et Latinorum Historiis.2° Revelatio facta S. Stephano Papæ de consecratione altaris SS. Petri etPauli ante Sepulchrum S. Martirii Dionisii quæ consecratio facta fuit v. kal. Aug.754. This part of the MS. is remarkable for containing in one place the datewritten in Roman ciphers, thus—dccLiiii. v. kl. aug.; a circumstance so rare inMSS. of this age, as to have astonished the learned diplomatists Papebrochand Germon.3° Historia S. Simeonis Trevirensis Solitarii. Of whom it is recorded that helived sub Poppone Episcopo Trevirense, in quædam cellula ad portam nigramsitâ. At fol. 36. an interesting account of the death of the saint is given by theauthor, who was present, and with the assistance of two other monks, piouslyperformed his obsequies. It appears that the abbey of S. Maximin was about120 paces from the cell of the saint at Treves, and it is therefore most probablethat the writer was a monk of the Benedictine order then belonging to thatfoundation; but he puts his name out of doubt by the following couplet,inscribed at the end of the narrative:—
{114}"Presbiter et monachus OTLOH quidam vocitatusSancte tibi librum BONIFACII tradidit istum."This dedication of his labours to S. Boniface may only indicate his venerationfor the national saint; but, as he tells us he worked a great deal in themonastery at Fulda (of which S. Boniface was the patron saint and founder),may not this have been one of his labours there? At a subsequent period, itappears, he revised and amplified Wilibald's Life of Boniface.I must summarily indicate the other contents of this interesting MS., which are:4. Passio SS Sebastiani et Vincentii. 5. Vita S. Burchardi. 6. Vita et Passio S.Kiliani (genere Scoti). 7. Vita S. Sole. 8. Vita S. Ciri. 9. Depositio S. Satiri. 10.Alphabetum Græcum. 11. Officio pro Choro cum notis musicis, pro festo S.Pancratii; sequitur ipsiis martiriis passio. 12. Vita S. Columbani [this isanonymous, but is attributed to his disciple Jonas, and contains much valuablehistorical matter]. Lastly, 13. Vita S. Wolfgangi, by the hand of our interestingscribe OTLOH, written at the instance of the Benedictine Coenobites of hismonastery of S. Emmeram, at Ratisbon, where the saint was buried. This, as inthe case of the Life of S. Boniface, is a rifaccimento; it was made from two olderlives of S. Wolfgang, as Otloh himself tells us, one of them by a certain monknamed Arnolfus, the other having been brought out of France. He is here,therefore, more an author than a scribe; but he declares modestly that it was atask he would willingly avoid for the future. The passage of his Preface is worthtranscribing: "Fratrum quorundam nostrorum hortatu sedulo infimus ego, Ocoenobitarum S. Emmerammi compulsus sum S. Wolfgangi vitam in libellulisduobus dissimili interdum, et impolita materie descriptam in unum colligere, etaliquantulum sublimiori modo corrigere.... Multa etiam quæ in libro neutroinveniebantur, fidelium quorundam attestatione compertâ addere studui, sicquequædam addendo, quædam vero fastidiose vel inepte dicta excerpendo,pluraque etiam corrigendo, sed et capitularia præponendo. Vobis O fratres meiexactoresque hujus rei prout ingenioli mei parvitas permisit obedivi. Jam rogocessate plus tale quid exigere a me." At the end of the Life he has written:— "PresulWolfgange cunctis semper vererandeHæc tua qui scripsi jam memor esto miliiPresbiter et Monachus Otloh quidam vocitatusSancte tibi librum Bonifacii tradidit istum."We have here sufficient evidence that Otloh was a worthy predecessor of thedistinguished Benedictines to whom the world of letters has been so deeplyindebted in more recent times.Dr. Maitland's mention of the calligraphic labours of the nun Diemudis, Otloh'scontemporary, is not a solitary instance: in all ages, the world has beenindebted to the pious zeal of these recluse females for the multiplication ofbooks of devotion and devout instruction. An instance, of so late a date as theeve of the invention of printing, now lies before me, in a thick volume, mostbeautifully written by fair hands that must have been long practised in the art.As the colophon at the end preserves the names of the ladies, and records thatthe parchment was charitably furnished by their spiritual father, I think it worthtranscribing:—"Expliciunt, Deo laus omnipotente, quinque libri de VITA &CONVERSATIONE SANCTORVM PATRVM Scripti per manibusSororum AUE TRICI et GHEEZE YSENOUDI in festivus diebussuis consororibus dilectis in memoriam earum. Finiti ano dni M°CCCC° XLIX° in festo decollationis Sci Johannis baptiste ante
{115}sumam missam. Et habebant ad hoc pergamenum sibi ex caritateprovisum de venerabi li presbitero Dno NICOLAO WYT tunctemporis earundem patre spirituali & sibi ipsiis spiritualiter ac in Dnosat reverenter dilectio. Ex caritativo amore sitis propter Deummemores eorum cum uno AVE MARIA."I omitted to mention that Massmann, in his Kleinen Sprachdenkmale des VIII.bis XII. Jahrhunderts, Leipsig, 1830, p. 50, says: "The Benedictine priest Otloh,of Regensburg, left behind him a work, De Ammonicione Clericorum etLaicorum, in which is twice given a Latin prayer (Cod. Monacens. Emmeram. f.cxiii. mbr. sæc. xi.), at fol. 51. d., as Oratio ejus qui et suprascripta et sequentiaedidit dicta, and at fol. 158. as Oratio cuidam peccatoris." On fol. 161. b. is anold German version, first printed by Pez (Thes. i. 417.), corrected by Graff.Diutiska, 111. 211., by Massmann, at p. 168. Otloh mentions in this prayer thedestruction of his monastery of St. Emmeram, which took place in 1062.I have advisedly called him Otloh, and not Otlohnus.Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849.S. W. SINGER.NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON.No. 1. "Gerrard Street, Soho. * * * At the Turk's Head, in Gerrard Street,Johnson and Sir Joshua Reynolds founded, in the year 1764, 'The LiteraryClub.'"It would appear from the following extracts in my Common-place Book, that theoriginal Turk's Head, at which the Literary Club first held their meetings, was inGreek Street, Soho, not in Gerrard Street:—"The Literary Club was first held at the Turk's Head in Greek Street,which tavern was almost half a century since removed to GerrardStreet, where it continued nearly as long as the house was keptopen."—European Mag. Jan. 1803."The Turk's Head, in Gerrard Street, Soho, was, more than fiftyyears since, removed from a tavern of the same sign the corner ofGreek and Compton Streets. This place was a kind of head-quartersfor the Loyal Association during the rebellion of 1745."—Moser'sMemorandum Book, MS. dated 1799.No. 2. Storey's Gate, Birdcage Walk, St. James's Park.—I have seen it stated,but do not recollect where, that "Storey's" was a house of public entertainment."Webb's," mentioned in the following extracts, was also a place of a similardescription:—"April 25. 1682.—About nine, this night, it began to lighten, thunder,and rain. The next morning, there was the greatest flood in St.James's Park ever remembered. It came round about the fences,and up to the gravel walks—people could not walk to Webb's andStorie's."April 3, 1685.—This afternoon nine or ten houses were burned orblown up, that looked into S. James's Park, between Webb's and
Storie's."—Diary of Phillip Madox, MS. formerly in the possession ofThorpe the bookseller.No. 3. Capel Court.—So named from Sir William Capell, draper, Lord Mayor in1503, whose mansion stood on the site of the present Stock Exchange.—Pennant's Common-place Book.No. 4. Bloomsbury Market.—This market, built by the Duke of Bedford, wasopened in March, 1730. Query, was there a market on the site before?—Ibid.No. 5. Bartlet's Buildings.—Mackeril's Quaker Coffee-house, frequentlymentioned at the beginning of the last century, was in these buildings.— Ibid.No. 6. St. Olave's, Crutched Friars.—Names of various persons who haveoccupied houses in this parish: Lady Sydney, 1586—Lady Walsingham, 1590—Lady Essex, 1594—Lord Lumley, 1594 —Viscount Sudbury, 1629—PhilipLord Herbert, 1646—Dr. Gibbon, 1653—Sir R. Ford, 1653—Lord Brounker,1673—Sir Cloudesley Shovel, 1700—Extracts from the Registers made by theRev. H. Goodhall, 1818.EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.WIVES OF ECCLESIASTICS.In reply to your correspondent's query as to the "wives of ecclesiastics" I find,amongst my notes one to this effect:—ERROR, to assume in ancient genealogies that a branch isnecessarily extinct, simply because the last known representative isdescribed as "Clericus," and ergo, must have died S.P.L.It will be obvious to many of your readers that Clericus is nomen generale for allsuch as were learned in the arts of reading and writing, and whom the old lawdeemed capable of claiming benefit of clergy,—a benefit not confined to thosein orders, if the ordinary's deputy standing by could say "legit ut clericus."The title of Clericus, then, in earlier times as now, belonged not only to those inthe holy ministry of the Church, and to whom more strictly applied the termClergy, either regular or secular, but to those as well who by their function orcourse of life practised their pens in any court or otherwise, as Clerk of theKing's Wardrobe, Clerks of the Exchequer, &c. Though in former times clerks ofthis description were frequently in holy orders and held benefices, it must beevident that they were not all so of necessity; and the instances are sonumerous where persons having the title of "Clericus" appear nevertheless tohave been in the married state, and to have discharged functions incompatiblewith the service of the Church, that the assertion will not be denied that therestrictions as to contracting matrimonial alliances did not extend to clerks notin holy orders or below the grade of subdiaconus. The Registrum Breviumfurnishes a precedent of a writ, "De clerico infra sacros ordines constituto noneligendo in officium." This distinction alone would prove that other clerks werenot ineligible to office. The various decrees of the Church may be cited to showthat the prohibition to marry did not include all clerks generally. Pope GregoryVII., in a synod held in 1074, "interdixit clericis, maxime divino ministerioconsecratis uxores habere, vel cum mulicribus habitare, nisi quas NicenaSynodus vel alii canones exceperunt."
{116}The statutes made by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas, Archbishopelect of York, and all the other bishops of England, in 1108, in presence of KingHenry I., and with the assent of his barons, confine the interdiction respectingmarriages to Presbyteri, Diaconi et Subdiaconi, and a provision is made bythem for those cases where marriages had been contracted since the interdictat the Council of London (that probably in 1103), viz. that such should beprecluded thereafter from celebrating mass, if they persist in retaining theirwives. "Illi vero presbyteri, diaconi, subdiaconi, qui post interdictumLondoniensis Concilii foeminas suas tenuerunt vel alins duxcrunt, si ampliusmissam celebrare voluerint, eas a se omnino sic facient alienas, ut nec illae indomos eorum, nec ipsi in domos earum intrent.... Illi autem presbyteri qui divinialtaris et sacrorum ordinum contemptores praelegerint cum mulicribus habitarea divino officio remoti, omnique ecclesiastico beneficio privati, extra chorumponantur, infames pronunciati. Qui vero rebellis et contemptor foeminam nonreliquerit, et missam celebrare presumpserit, vocatus ad satisfactionem sineglexerit, viiij. die excommunicetur. Eadem sententia archidiaconos etcononicos omnes complectitur, et de mulieribus relinquendis et de vitandacarum conversatione, et de districtione censurae si statuta transgressi fuerint....Presbyteri vero qui relictis mulieribus, Deo et sacris altaribus servire elegerint,xl. dies ab officio cessantes, pro se interim vicarios habebunt, injuncta eispoenitentia secundum hoc quod episcopis corum visum fuerit." In 1138 thepenalty for priests marrying was deprivation of their benefices, and exclusionfrom the celebration of divine service:—"Sanctorum patrum vestigiisinhaerentes, presbyteros, diaconos, subdiaconos uxoratos, aut concubinarios,ecclesiasticis officiis et beneficiis privamus, ac ne quis eorum missam audirepraesumat Apostolica auctoriate prohibemus."Many such decrees have been made at various synods and councils holden forreformation of the clergy, but I can find none wherein marriage is interdicted toclerks generally. I will refer to one more only, viz. that made in the Council ofLondon, held at Westminster in 1175. Here it will be seen most distinctly thatthe prohibition against entering the marriage state was confined expressly toClerici in sacris ordinibus constituti, and that is was not only lawful for clerksbelow the grade of subdeacon to marry, but that having subsequently onceentered the marriage state and being subsequently desirous ad religionemtransire, and to continue in the service of the Church, they could not do so andbe separated from their wives unless de communi consensu; if they continued,however, to live with their wives, they could not hold an ecclesiastical benefice:"Si quis sacerdos vel clericus in sacris ordinibus constitutus, ecclesiam velecclesiasticum beneficium habens publice fornicarium habeat," &c.... "Si quivero infra subdiaconatum constituti matrimonia contraxerint, ab uxoribus siusnisi de communi consensu ad religionem transire voluerint, et ibi in Dei servitiovigilanter permanere, nullatenus separentur: sed cum uxoribus viventes,ecclesiastica benficia nullo modo percipiant. Qui autem in subdiaconatu, velsupra, ad matrimonia convolaverint, mulieres etiam invitas et renitentesrelinquant."This it will be seen that the title "Clericus" under some circumstances, affordsno certain indication that a lawful marriage may not have been contracted bythe person so described and consequently that he might not have prolemlegitimam.W.H.It does not follow that William de Bolton was an ecclesiastic because he wascalled Clericus; that designation being, even in that early time, often used in alay sense.
I have just come across an instance of a prior date. In the Liberate Roll of 26Henry III. the king directs a payment to be made "to Isabella, the wife of ourbeloved clerk, Robert of Canterbury, to purchase a robe for our use." Even inthe reign of Richard I. it may be doubtful whether the term was not used withboth meanings; for in the charter of Walter Mapes, granting certain lands,among the witnesses are "Rogero, capellano, Willelmo, capellano, Thoma,clerico meo, Waltero, clerico, Jacobo, clerico, Bricio, fermario meo."[Symbol: Phi][In addition to the information afforded by the precedingcommunications "A SUBSCRIBER" will find much curious illustration ofthis subject in Beveridge's Discourses on the Thirty-Nine Articles,where he treats of the Thirty-second article "On the Marriage of.Priests"He must however consult the edition printed at the Oxford UniversityPress in 1840, which contains for the first time Beveridge's Discourseson the last Nine Articles.]TOWER ROYAL.Sir,—In your second number I find a query by Mr. Cunningham, respecting theorigin of the name of Tower Royal; although I cannot satisfactorily explain it, Ienclose a few notes relative to the early history of that place, which may,perhaps, afford a clue to its derivation.In early records it is invariably called "la Real," "la Reole," "la Riole," or "laRyal or Ryole;" and it is described simply as a "tenement;" I have never foundan instance of its being called a "tower". At the close of the reign of Henry III. itwas held by one Thomas Bat, citizen of London, who demised it to MasterSimon of Beauvais, surgeon to Edward I.; this grant was confirmed by thatsovereign by charter in 1277. (Rot. Cart. 5 Edw. I. m. 17.—Placita de QuoWarranto, p. 461.) This Simon of Beauvais figures in Stow and Pennant asSimon de Beawmes. In 1331 Edward III. granted "la Real" to his consortPhilippa, for the term of her life, that is might be used as a depository for herwardrobe. (Rot. Pat. 4 Edw. III. 2nd part, m. 15.) By Queen Philippa it wasextensively repaired, if not rebuilt, and the particulars of the works executedthere by her direction, may be seen in the Wardrobe Account of the sixth year ofher reign, preserved in the Cottonian MS. Galba E iii. fo. 177, et seq.; thisaccount is erroneously attributed in the catalogue to Eleanor, consort of EdwardI. One Maria de Beauvais, probably a descendant of Master Simon, receivedcompensation for quitting a tenement which she held at the time Philippa'soperations commenced. In 1365 Edward III. granted to Robert de Corby, in fee,"one tenement in the street of la Ryole, London" to hold by the accustomedservices. Finally, in 1370 Edward gave the "inn (hospitium) with itsappurtenances called le Reole, in the city of London," to the canons of St.Stephen's, Westminster, as of the yearly value of 20l. (Rot. Pat. 43 Edw. III. m.24.)It is sufficiently clear that in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries this placewas not called Tower Royal; nor does there appear to be any ground forsupposing it was so named in earlier times, or, indeed, that it was everoccupied by royalty before it became Philippa's wardrobe. The question,therefore is narrowed to this point:—what is the significance of "la Real, Reole,or Riole?" I should be glad if any of your correspondents would give their
{117}opinions on the subject. I may add, that the building was in the parish of St.Thomas Apostle, not in that of St. Michael Pater Noster Church, as Stow wrote.(Rot. Pat. 4 Edw. III. 2nd part, m. 38.)T.H.TLet me refer Mr. P. Cunningham to "Stow's Survey, p. 27. 92. Thoms' Edition,"for a full answer to his query. The passages are too long to cite, but Mr. C. willfind sufficient proof of the part of a royal residence having once stood in thisobscure lane, now almost demolished in the sweeping city improvements,which threaten in time to leave us hardly a fragment of the London of the oldchronicler.The Tower was also called the Queen's Wardrobe, and it was there, Froissarttells us, that Joan of Kent, the mother of Richard II., took refuge during WatTyler's rebellion, when forced to fly from the Tower of London. The old historianwrites that after the defeat of the rebels "pour le premier chemin que le Roy fit, ilvint deuers sa Dame de mère, la Princesse, qui estoit en un chastel de la Riolle(que l'on dit la Garderobbe la Reyne) et là s'estoit tenue deux jours et deuxnuits, moult ébahie; et avoit bien raison. Quand elle vit le Roy son fils, elle futtoute rejouye, et luy dit, 'Ha ha beau fils, comment j'ay eu aujourd'huy grandpeine et angoisse pour vous.' Dont respondit le Roy, et dit, 'Certes, Madame, jele say bien. Or vous rejouissez et louez Dieu, car il est heure de le louer. J'ayaujourd'huy recouvré mon heritage et le royaume d'Angleterre, que j'avoyeperdu.' Ainsi se tint le Roy ce jour delez sa mère." (Froissart, ii 123. Par. 1573.)In Stow's time this interesting locality had been degraded into stable for theking's horses, and let out in divers tenements.E.V.[We are indebted to J.E., R.T.S., and other correspondents for repliesto Mr. Cunningham's Query; but as their answers contain only generalreferences to works which it is reasonable to suppose that gentlemanmust have consulted during the preparation of his Handbook forLondon we have not thought it necessary to insert them.]ANCIENT INSCRIBED DISH.Mr. Editor,—The subject of inscribed dishes of latten, of which so manyvarieties have recently been imported, appears to be regarded with interest byseveral of your readers. I am indebted to the Rev. William Drake, of Coventry,for a rubbing from one of these mysterious inscriptions, upon an "alms-plate" inhis possession. In the centre is represented the Temptation. There are twoinscribed circles; on the inner and broader one appear letters, which have beenread,—RAHEWISHNBY. They are several times repeated. On the exteriorcircle is the legend On the exterior circle is the legend—ICH. SART. GELUK.ALZEIT. This likewise is repeated, so as to fill the entire circle. I have neverbefore met with these inscriptions in the large number of dishes of this kindwhich I have examined. The have been termed alms-dishes, and are used stillin parochial collections in France, as doubtless they have been in England.They were also used in ancient times in the ceremony of baptism, and they arecalled baptismal basins, by some foreign writers. This use is well illustrated bythe very curious early Flemish painting in the Antwerp Gallery, representing theseven sacraments. The acolyte, standing near the font, bears such a dish, anda napkin. The proper use of these latten dishes was, as I believe, to serve as a
{118}laver, carried round at the close of the banquet in old times, as now at civicfestivities. They often bear devices of a sacred character; but it is probable thatthey were only occasionally used for any scared purpose, and are moreproperly to be regarded as part of the domestic appliances of former times.ALBERT WAY.BARNACLES.In Brand's Popular Antiquities, vol. iii. pp. 361, 362., there is an account givenof the barnacle, "a well-known kind of shell-fish, which is found sticking on thebottoms of ships," and with regard to which the author observes, that "it seemshardly credible in this enlightened age, that so gross an error in natural historyshould so long have prevailed," as that this shell-fish should become changedinto "a species of goose." The author then quotes Holinshed, Hall,Virgidemiarum, Marston, and Gerard; but he does not make the slightestreference to Giraldus Cambrensis, who is his Topographia Hiberniae first gavethe account of the barnacle, and of that account the writers referred to by Brandwere manifestly but the copyists.The passage referring to "the barnacle" will be found in the Topog. Hiber. lib. i.e. xi. I annex a translation of it, as it may be considered interesting, whencompared with the passages quoted in Brand:—"There are," says Giraldus, "in this country (Ireland) a great numberof birds called barnacles (Bernacre), and which nature produces ina manner that is contrary to the laws of nature. The birds are notunlike to ducks, but they are somewhat smaller in size. They maketheir first appearance as drops of gum upon the branches of firs thatare immersed in running waters; and then they are next seenhanging like sea-weed from the wood, becoming encased in shells,which at last assume in their growth the outward form of birds, andso hang on by their beaks until they are completely covered withfeathers within their shells, and when they arrive at maturity, theyeither drop into the waters, or take their flight at once into the air.Thus from the juice of this tree, combined with the water, are theygenerated and receive their nutriment until they are formed andfledged. I have many times with my own eyes seen severalthousand of minute little bodies of these birds attached to pieces ofwood immersed in the sea, encased in their shells, and alreadyformed. These then are birds that never lay eggs, and are neverhatched from eggs; and the consequence is, that in some parts ofIreland, and at those seasons of fasting when meat is forbidden,bishops and other religious persons feed on these birds, becausethey are not fish, nor to be regarded as flesh meat. And who canmarvel that this should be so? When our first parent was made ofmud, can we be surprised that a bird should be born of a tree?"The notion of the barnacle being considered a fish is, I am aware, one that stillprevails on the western coast of Ireland; for I remember a friend of mine, whohad spent a few weeks in Kerry, telling me of the astonishment he experiencedupon seeing pious Roman Catholics eating barnacles on Fridays, and beingassured that they were nothing else than fishes! My friend added that they hadcertainly a most "fish-like flavour," and were, therefore, very nasty birds.W.B. MACCABE.
DORNE THE BOOKSELLER.Mr. Editor,—I beg to add my protest to your own, respecting the conclusiondrawn by your valuable correspondent W. as to his competency to his arduoustask, which no person could doubt who knows him. My remarks had referenceto the supposed scribe of the catalogue, whose brains, according to W., were insome degree of confusion at times. His name is still in obscuro, it seems."Henno Rusticus" is clear. W., I trust, will accept my apology. I say with Brutus,verbis paulo mutatis"By heaven, I had rather coin my heart,And drop my blood for drachmas, than to plantIn the kind bosom of a friend a thorn,By any indirection".J.I.REV. WM. STEPHENS' SERMONS.Sir—Amongst the books wanted in your sixth number is "a Tract or Sermon" of,the Rev. Wm. Stephens. It is a sermon, and one of four, all of which are farabove the ordinary run of sermons, and deserving of a place in everyclergyman's library. They are rarely met with together, though separately theyturn up now and then upon book stalls amongst miscellaneous sermons; it is apity they are not better known, and much is every day republished lessdeserving of preservation. The author's widow published her husband'ssermons in two volumes; but, strange to say, these, which are worth all the rest,are not included in the collection. The titles of the four sermons are—"The Personality and Divinity of the Holy Ghost proved fromScripture, and the Anti-Nicene Fathers." Preached before theUniversity of Oxford, St. Matthias' Day, 1716-17. Third Edition, 1725."The Catholic Doctrine concerning the Union of the Two Natures inthe One Person of Christ stated and vindicated." Preached at thevisitation of the Bishop of Oxford, 1719. Second Edition, 1722."The Divine Persons One God by an Unity of Nature: or, That OurSaviour is One God with His Father, by an External Generation fromHis Substance, asserted from Scripture and the Anti-NiceneFathers." Preached before the University of Oxford, 1722. SecondEdition, 1723."The Several Heterodox Hypotheses, concerning both the Personsand the Attributes of the Godhead, justly chargeable with moreinconsistencies and Absurdities than those which have beengroundlessly imputed to the Catholic system." Preached at thevisitation of the Bishop of Exeter, 1724.I shall be glad to learn from any of your readers whether the author publishedany other sermons or tracts which are not included in the two volumes of hissermons.WM. DENTON
{119}Shoreditch, Dec. 11. 1849.ROGER DE COVERLEY.Sir,In No. 4 of your "NOTES AND QUERIES" it is asked, if any notice of thetune called Roger de Coverley is to be met with earlier than 1695, when it wasprinted by H. Playford in his Dancing Master? I am happy in being able toinform your correspondent that the tune in question may be found in a rare littlevolume in my possession, entitled "The Division-Violin, containing a ChoiceCollection of Divisions to a Ground for the Treble-Violin. Being the first Musickof this kind ever published. London, Printed by J.P. and are sold by JohnPlayford, near the Temple-Church, 1685, small oblong."I have every reason to believe, from considerable researches, that no earliercopy can be found in print.EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.MINOR NOTES.Omission of the Words DEI GRATIA from the new Florin.Ruding, in his Annals of the Coinage, iv. 9., furnishes a precedent for theomission of the words DEI GRATIA from the coinage, in the case of the Irishhalf-pence and farthings coined at the Tower in 1736-7. And he supplies, also,a precedent for the dissatisfaction with which their omission from the new florinhas been received, in the shape of two epigrams written at that time, for whichhe is indebted (as what writer upon any point of English literature and history isnot) to Sylvanus Urban. The first (from the Gentlemen's Magazine for June,1837) is as follows:—"No Christian kings that I can find,However match'd or odd,Excepting ours have ever coin'dWie race of God.thout th_g_"By this acknowledgment they showThe mighty King of Kings,As him from whom their riches flow,From whom their grandeur springs."Come, then, Urania, aid my pen,The latent cause assign,—All other kings are mortal men,.But GEORGE, 'tis plain, 's divine"The next month produced this address:—To the Author of the Epigram on the new Irish Halfpence."While you behold th' imperfect coinReceiv'd without the grace of God,All honest men with you must join,And even Britons think it odd.
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