Terrestrial Mammal Conservation

Stuart Pimm, Katie A. Sainsbury, Andrew J. Bladon, Elspeth Wilman, Rebecca F. Schoonover, Sarah L. Lockhart, Philip A. Martin, Ricardo Rocha, Nick A. Littlewood, Rebecca K. Smith, William J. Sutherland

Description

Terrestrial Mammal Conservation provides a thorough summary of the available  scientific evidence of what is known, or not known, about the effectiveness of all of the conservation actions for wild terrestrial mammals across the world (excluding bats and primates, which are covered in separate synopses). Actions are organized into categories based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifications of direct threats and conservation actions. Over the course of fifteen chapters, the authors consider interventions as wide ranging as creating uncultivated margins around fields, prescribed burning, setting hunting quotas and removing non-native mammals.

This book is written in an accessible style and is designed to be an invaluable resource for anyone concerned with the practical conservation of terrestrial mammals.

The authors consulted an international group of terrestrial mammal experts and conservationists to produce this synopsis. Funding was provided by the MAVA Foundation, Arcadia and National Geographic Big Cats Initiative.

Terrestrial Mammal Conservation is the seventeenth publication in the Conservation Evidence Series, linked to the online resource www.ConservationEvidence.com. Conservation Evidence Synopses are designed to promote a more evidence-based approach to biodiversity conservation. Others in the series include Bat Conservation, Primate Conservation, Bird Conservation and Forest Conservation and more are in preparation. Expert assessment of the evidence summarised within synopses is provided online and within the annual publication What Works in Conservation.
 

Sujets

• Environment
• Conservation

Informations

• Publié par: Open Book Publishers
• Date de parution: 30 novembre 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781800640863
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Terrestrial Mammal Conservation

Terrestrial Mammal Conservation
Global evidence for the effects of interventions for terrestrial mammals excluding bats and primates
Conservation Evidence Series Synopses University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Nick A. Littlewood, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith, Philip A. Martin, Sarah L. Lockhart, Rebecca F. Schoonover, Elspeth Wilman, Andrew J. Bladon, Katie A. Sainsbury, Stuart Pimm and William J. Sutherland





https://www.openbookpublishers.com
© 2020 Littlewood, N.A., Rocha, R., Smith, R.K., Sutherland W.J. et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:
N.A. Littlewood, R. Rocha, R.K. Smith, W.J. Sutherland et al ., Terrestrial Mammal Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions for terrestrial mammals excluding bats and primates . Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series, University of Cambridge (Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2020), https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0234
In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0234#copyright
Further details about CC BY licenses are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web
Updated digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0234#resources
Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher.
ISBN Paperback: 9781800640832
ISBN Hardback: 9781800640849
ISBN Digital (PDF): 9781800640856
ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 9781800640863
ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9781800640870
ISBN XML: 9781800640887
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0234
Cover image: Cape mountain zebra ( Equus zebra zebra ), De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa. Photograph by Rebecca K. Smith, CC-BY.
Cover design by Anna Gatti.

Contents
Advisory Board
xxi
About the authors
xxiii
Acknowledgements
xxv
1.
About this book
1
The Conservation Evidence project
1
The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses
2
Who this synopsis is for
2
Background
3
Scope of the Terrestrial Mammal Conservation synopsis
4
Review subject
4
Advisory board
5
Creating the list of interventions
5
Methods
6
Literature searches
6
Publication screening and inclusion criteria
10
Study quality assessment & critical appraisal
14
Data extraction
15
Evidence synthesis
15
Dissemination/communication of evidence synthesis
20
How you can help to change conservation practice
20
References
20
2.
Threat: Residential and commercial development
23
2.1.
Protect mammals close to development areas (e.g. by fencing)
24
2.2.
Keep cats indoors or in outside runs to reduce predation of wild mammals
24
2.3.
Use collar-mounted devices to reduce predation by domestic animals
25
2.4.
Keep dogs indoors or in outside enclosures to reduce threats to wild mammals
29
2.5.
Keep domestic cats and dogs well-fed to reduce predation of wild mammals
30
2.6.
Translocate problem mammals away from residential areas (e.g. habituated bears) to reduce human-wildlife conflict
30
2.7.
Issue enforcement notices to deter use of non-bear-proof garbage dumpsters to reduce human-wildlife conflict
38
2.8.
Prevent mammals accessing potential wildlife food sources or denning sites to reduce nuisance behaviour and human-wildlife conflict
39
2.9.
Provide diversionary feeding for mammals to reduce nuisance behaviour and human-wildlife conflict
41
2.10.
Scare or otherwise deter mammals from human- occupied areas to reduce human-wildlife conflict
44
2.11.
Retain wildlife corridors in residential areas
50
2.12.
Install underpasses beneath ski runs
51
2.13.
Provide woody debris in ski run area
53
3.
Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
55
All farming systems
55
3.1.
Establish wild flower areas on farmland
55
3.2.
Create uncultivated margins around intensive arable or pasture fields
58
3.3.
Provide or retain set-aside areas on farmland
64
3.4.
Maintain/restore/create habitat connectivity on farmland
68
3.5.
Manage hedgerows to benefit wildlife on farmland
68
3.6.
Plant new or maintain existing hedgerows on farmland
69
3.7.
Plant trees on farmland
71
3.8.
Pay farmers to cover the costs of conservation measures
74
3.9.
Provide refuges during crop harvesting or mowing
77
3.10.
Use repellent on slug pellets to reduce non-target poisoning
78
3.11.
Restrict use of rodent poisons on farmland with high secondary poisoning risk
79
Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
80
3.12.
Increase crop diversity for mammals
80
3.13.
Create beetle banks on farmland
80
3.14.
Plant crops to provide supplementary food for mammals
82
3.15.
Change mowing regime (e.g. timing, frequency, height)
85
3.16.
Leave areas of uncut ryegrass in silage field
85
3.17.
Leave cut vegetation in field to provide cover
86
3.18.
Establish long-term cover on erodible cropland
87
Livestock Farming & Ranching
88
3.19.
Exclude livestock from semi-natural habitat (including woodland)
88
3.20.
Reduce intensity of grazing by domestic livestock
94
3.21.
Use livestock fences that are permeable to wildlife
102
3.22.
Install mammal crossing points along fences on farmland
103
3.23.
Use traditional breeds of livestock
106
3.24.
Change type of livestock
108
Reduce human-wildlife conflict
110
3.25.
Relocate local pastoralist communities to reduce human-wildlife conflict
110
3.26.
Pay farmers to compensate for losses due to predators/wild herbivores to reduce human-wildlife conflict
111
3.27.
Install non-electric fencing to exclude predators or herbivores and reduce human-wildlife conflict
114
3.28.
Install electric fencing to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
120
3.29.
Exclude wild mammals using ditches, moats, walls or other barricades to reduce human-wildlife conflict
126
3.30.
Use flags to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
128
3.31.
Use visual deterrents (e.g. scarecrows) to deter predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
132
3.32.
Use pheromones to deter predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
134
3.33.
Use taste-aversion to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to deter human-wildlife conflict
134
3.34.
Dispose of livestock carcasses to deter predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
140
3.35.
Use guardian animals (e.g. dogs, llamas, donkeys) bonded to livestock to deter predators to reduce human-wildlife conflict
141
3.36.
Use loud noises to deter predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
148
3.37.
Translocate predators away from livestock to reduce human-wildlife conflict
151
3.38.
Provide diversionary feeding to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
158
3.39.
Keep livestock in enclosures to reduce predation by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
160
3.40.
Install electric fencing to protect crops from mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict
161
3.41.
Install metal grids at field entrances to prevent mammals entering to reduce human-wildlife