From Seance to Science

Baker David

Description

This book is intended to round out the picture of American psychology's past, adding the history of psychological practice to the story of psychological science. Written by two well-recognized authorities in the field, this book covers the profession and practice of psychology in America from the late 19th century to the present. From Seance to Science tells the story of psychologists who sought and seek to apply the knowledge of their science to the practical problems of the world, whether those problems lay in businesses, schools, families, or in the thoughts and emotions, and behaviors of individuals. Engagingly written and full of interesting examples, this book includes figures and photos from the Archives of the History of American Psychology. This is the story of individuals, trained in psychology, who function as school psychologists, counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists, and industrial psychologists. These are psychology's practitioners, meaning that they take the knowledge base of psychology and use it for practical purposes outside of the classroom and outside of the laboratory.

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique
• USA
• Psychology
• History of science
• États-Unis

Informations

• Publié par: University of Akron Press
• Date de parution: 15 août 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781937378448
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

From Séance to Science
THE CENTER FOR THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY SERIES
The Center for the History of Psychology Series
David B. Baker, Editor
David B. Baker and Ludy T. Benjamin Jr., From Séance to Science: A History of the Profession of Psychology in America
C. James Goodwin and Lizette Royer, Editors, Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories
Ludy T. Benjamin Jr. and Lizette Royer Barton, Editors, Roots in the Great Plains: The Applied Psychology of Harry Hollingworth, Volume 1
Ludy T. Benjamin Jr. and Lizette Royer Barton, Editors, From Coca-Cola to Chewing Gum: The Applied Psychology of Harry Hollingworth, Volume 2
From Séance to Science
A History of the Profession of Psychology in America
SECOND EDITION
David B. Baker and Ludy T. Benjamin Jr.
First University of Akron Press edition, 2014
First published 2004 by Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Copyright © 2004 by David B. Baker and Ludy T. Benjamin Jr.
All New Material Copyright © 2014 by The University of Akron Press
All rights reserved • Manufactured in the United States of America. •
All inquiries and permission requests should be addressed to the Publisher, the University of Akron Press, Akron, Ohio 44325-1703.
18   17   16   15   14        5   4   3   2   1
ISBN : 978-1-937378-42-4 (paperback)
ISBN : 978-1-937378-43-1 (ePDF)
ISBN : 978-1-937378-44-8 (ePUB)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Benjamin, Ludy T., 1945–
From seance to science : a history of the profession of psychology in America. —
Second edition / David B. Baker and Ludy T. Benjamin Jr.
    pages cm. — (The Center for the History of Psychology series)
Revised edition of From seance to science : a history of the profession of psychology in America [by] Ludy T. Benjamin Jr., David B. Baker.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-937378-42-4 (paperback) — ISBN 978-1-937378-43-1 (epdf) — ISBN 978-1-937378-44-8 (epub)
1. Psychology—Practice—United States—History. I. Baker, David B., author. II. Title.
BF75.B46 2014
150.973—dc23
2014020082
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1984. ∞
Cover images: Background: M. Kohl (1902) Preisliste No. 12. Physikalische Apparate. Chemnitz: Druck von Hugo Wilisch, o.J; Foreground (clockwise): Frontispiece from the journal Human Nature, 1875, Vol. 9; W. E. Robinson (1898). Spirit slate writing and kindred phenomena. New York City: Munn and Company; Photo courtesy of the CHP Still Images Collection, David Shakow papers. Cover design: Amy Freels
All photographs, unless otherwise noted, are from the collection of the Center for the History of Psychology. For complete credit information, please see page 304 .
From Séance to Science was designed and typeset by Amy Freels in Goudy Oldstyle, printed on 60# Natural, and bound by Bookmasters of Ashland, Ohio.
For Sandi and Isabella Priscilla
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Chapter 1 | The Beginnings of Psychological Practice
Having Your Head Examined: Phrenology
It’s All in the Face: Physiognomy
Criminal Physiognomy
Physiognomy in Vocational Guidance and the Workplace
Psychology’s Other Occult Doubles
Mesmerism
Spiritualism
Mental Healing
The New Psychology
Selling the New Psychology
Child Study
Counseling Psychology
School and Clinical Psychology
Psychology and Business
Conclusion
Chapter 2 | Clinical Psychology
Mental Asylums
Clinical Research by Psychologists in the 1890s
Lightner Witmer’s Call for a Clinical Psychology
Intelligence Testing
The Early Clinical Psychologists
Influences on Clinical Psychology at the Turn of the Century
Freud’s Visit and Psychoanalysis in America
Clifford Beers and the Mental Hygiene Movement
Morton Prince and Clinical Psychology
Elwood Worcester and the Emmanuel Movement
Clinical Psychology: Organization, Certification
An Outbreak of Psychology: The 1920s
An Organization for Professional Psychology
Between the Wars: The Rise of Clinical Assessment
Shell Shock Cases
Early Personality Testing
Projective Personality Testing
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
World War II and Clinical Psychology
Clinical Psychology and the Scientist-Practitioner Model
Psychologists and Psychotherapy
Models of Psychotherapy
Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Further Evidence of a Profession
Licensure for Professional Psychologists
Professional Ethics
Professional Journals
Professional Psychologists and the APA
Professional Schools of Psychology
Clinical Psychology in the 1960s
Community Mental Health Centers
Independent Practice
Conclusion
Chapter 3 | School Psychology
Education and Democracy
Child Development and the Legacy of G. Stanley Hall
Estimating IQs
Arnold Gesell: The First School Psychologist
Individual Case Study and the Legacy of Lightner Witmer
New Work in Applied Psychology
Special Education and School Psychology
Psychology in the Schools
Organization and Identity
Recognition
School Psychology at Midcentury
The National Institute of Mental Health and School Psychology
The Thayer Conference
Expansion
Back to the Future
The National Association of School Psychologists
NASP and Division 16
Conclusion
Chapter 4 | Industrial/Organizational Psychology
The Salience of the Workplace
The New Psychology and the Business of Advertising
Scott and the Power of Suggestion
Harry Hollingworth and the Effectiveness of Advertising
Watson’s Behavioristic Approach to Advertising
Hugo Münsterberg and the “Founding” of Industrial Psychology
Carnegie Tech’s Division of Applied Psychology
The Bureau of Salesmanship Research
The End of the Division of Applied Psychology
The One Right Way: Scientific Management
Problems with Scientific Management
Workers Are Not Machines
World War I and Its Aftermath
Personnel Psychology in the 1920s
Journal of Applied Psychology
Psychological Consulting Firms
Establishing Scientific Legitimacy
Industrial Psychology Monthly
Steady Growth
The Great Depression and the Beginnings of Organizational Psychology
The Hawthorne Studies
Attitudes, Leadership, and Worker Satisfaction
Organizing Industrial Psychologists
World War II and Its Aftermath
Human Factors Psychology
Personnel Psychology After the War
The Evolution of Graduate Training
Organizational Psychology Comes of Age
Lewin’s Continuing Influence
Industrial Strife
Contemporary I/O Psychology
Contemporary Personnel Issues
Training
Organizational Psychology
Organizational Development
Organizational Climate
Conclusion
Chapter 5 | Counseling Psychology
A Context for Counseling Psychology
A More Perfect Union
Seeking Guidance
The Work of Frank Parsons
The Expansion of Guidance
Education and Psychology
Vocational Psychology
Testing and the Times
Civilian Applications
Testing and the Great Depression
The Emergence of Counseling Psychology
Preludes to Boulder
The Meaning of Boulder
Constructing Counseling Psychology
A Model of Training
Influences on Identity
The Question of Identity
Consolidation
Recent Developments
Organizational Structure
Social Action
Conclusion
Chapter 6 | The Psychological Profession in the 21st Century
Managed Care
Cost and Service Containment
Ethics
Impacts
Responses to Managed Care
Prescription Privileges for Psychologists
Opposition to Prescription Privileges
Clinical Trials for Psychologists
Proponents for Prescription Privileges
New Practice Specialties
Forensic Psychology
Münsterberg and the Psychology of the Courtroom
Contemporary Forensic Psychology
Clients for Forensic Psychology
The Psychological Autopsy
Growth of Forensic Psychology
Sport Psychology
Coleman Griffith: Pioneer in Sport Psychology
Modern Practice of Sport Psychology
The Work of Sport Psychologists
Health Psychology
The Practice of Health Psychologists
Interventions
Health Psychology in Hospitals
Science and the Practice of Psychology
Contemporary Concerns About Professional Schools of Psychology
The “Myth” of Professional Psychology
Doing and Applying Research
Practice Guidelines
Conflict Over Guidelines
The Future of the Profession
Growth in Health Psychology
Growth in Psychological Services to Minorities
Changing Roles for Psychologists
A Final Comment
Notes
Image Credits
Index
Preface to the Second Edition
We are pleased to offer a second edition of From Séance to Science: A History of the Profession of Psychology in America. It is been a decade since the first edition was published and much has changed. Interest in the history of professional psychology has grown. A review of the table of contents of the journal History of Psychology over the last 10 years shows a steady presence of articles on topics related to the history of the profession of psychology both in the United States and abroad. Likewise, numerous reference works such as encyclopedias and handbooks have regularly included entries related to the history of professional psychology. As professional psychology grows and matures this trend will only continue. We have benefited from these new works and they have helped inform updates for this edition.
Changes in professional psychology over the last decade have been substantial and dramatic. The number of mental health providers in the United States continues to grow, as do training programs, models of training, accreditation, and licensure. The provisions of the Affordable Care Act, which are just now being implemented, will certainly create greater access to mental health services. Greater numbers of patients seeking services