Tutorial Session One Statistics

Isobel Clark

Description

Ecosse North America Llc, Columbus Ohio, USAPDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.comSecond Reprint, August 2001Copyright °c 2000 by Geostokos (Ecosse) Limited, Scotland.All rights reserved. Published simultaneously worldwide on CD.Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permittedby Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act withoutthe permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests forpermission or further information should be addressed to PermissionsDepartment, Geostokos (Ecosse) Limited, Alloa Business Centre,Whins Road, Alloa FK10 3SA, Central Scotland.Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]e-mail: [e-mail]://geoecosse.bizland.com http://geoecosse.hypermart.netCataloging in Publication Data:Clark, Isobel and Harper, William V.Practical geostatistics 2000 / Isobel Clark & William V. Harper.p. cm.ISBN: 0-9703317–0–3; 0-9703317-1-1 (CD-Rom); 0–9703317–2-X(combination pack)1. Geology– Statistical methods. 2. Mining engineering. 3. Environmentalengineering I. Harper, William V. II. TitleQE33.2.S82 C43 2000519.5’02’4553—dc21Ecosse North America Llc, publishers.Typeset using Scienti…c Word 4.0, MacKichan Software Inc,http://www.mackichan.comPrinted by Kinkos, Westerville, Ohio USA. http://www.kinkos.comPDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.comThis book is dedicated toAnne AndersonThe 1979 ...

Informations

• Publié par: Luzev
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: English

Extrait

E

cosse

N

orth

A

merica

L

lc,

C

olumbus

Ohio,

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com

U

SA

PDteeacrF 

SecondReprint,August2001 Copyright ° c 2000byGeostokos(Ecosse)Limited,Scotland. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously worldwide on CD. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without thepermissionofthecopyrightownerisunlawful.Requestsfor permissionorfurtherinformationshouldbeaddressedtoPermissions Department,Geostokos(Ecosse)Limited,AlloaBusinessCentre, WhinsRoad,AlloaFK103SA,CentralScotland. Tel:[phone]Fax:[phone] e-mail:[e-mail] http://geoecosse.bizland.comhttp://geoecosse.hypermart.net Cataloging in Publication Data: Clark, Isobel and Harper, William V. Practicalgeostatistics2000/IsobelClark&WilliamV.Harper. p.cm. ISBN:0-9703317–0–3;0-9703317-1-1(CD-Rom);0–9703317–2-X (combination pack) 1.Geology–Statisticalmethods.2.Miningengineering.3.Environmental engineering I. Harper, William V. I I. T itle QE33.2.S82C432000 519.5’02’4553—dc21 EcosseNorthAmericaLlc,publishers. TypesetusingScienti…cWord4.0,MacKichanSoftwareInc, http:/ / www.mackichan.com Printed by K inkos, Westerville, Ohio USA. http:/ / www.kinkos.com

om yroairtfdp tcaFePinntriwid  Fthpeirtnc.w/wwf.nin http:/l versio

AnneAnderson

Thisbookisdedicatedto

T he 1979 Practical Geostatistics started with a quotation from the poem “T he Chorus” in Edwin Morgan’s anthology T he New Divan ,publishedbyCarcanet/Manchesterin1977: “What is obscure is seldom clear”

Forthisnewbook,longerand(wehope)muchimproved, weusealonger—butjustasironic—quotation: “Letusallbequietinunison andhearwhattheoraclehastotellus. Theoraclesays,whenwintercomes theautumnisover.Arewecomforted?”

nif.irpec.tnmon htrsio/wwwtp:/ro yaFtc levrtaiePin Fthdf pntrirc FDPiw detae

:/tphtn iorsvel airt yrotcaFfdp rintinePth Fd wiaeet FrcDPom

Special R equest for our R eaders We have a favour to ask of you, the readers - we want your guidance on what changes should bemadeinsubsequenteditions.Wehopetoupdatethisbookfairlyfrequentlyasweare publishingthisourselvesandhavetotalcontroloverwhatitcontains,howmanycopiesare printed, etc. In addition to sending us questions and typos, we hope that you will take the time to specify what new topics we should add (or what topics should be expanded). Make [e-mail] shewillpostalltyposandmajorcommentsonthewebpage http://uk.geocities.com/geoecosse/PG2000_2nd_reprint. Thanks(inadvance)forallhelpinthise¤ort.

peirtnc.w/wwf.ni

/:ptwww/nif.irpe.cntom

P reface N otation

P age 31

P age 1

1. I ntroduction 1.1 Expectations 1.2 Theproblemtobesolved 1.3 Datasets 1.4 Software 2. W hy a statistical approach? 2.1 Investigating the sample data 2.2 Measuresofcentraltendency 2.3 Measures of spread or variability 2.4 Graphicaldescriptionsofthedata 2.5 Otherusefuldescriptivestatistics 2.6 Discretedata 2.7 Into the unknown 2.8 Workedexamples 2.8.1Coalprojectdata,calori…cvalues 2.8.2Ironoreexample 2.8.3Wolfcampdata 2.8.4Scallops,totalcatch 2.9 Exercises 3. N ormal (G aussian) distributions 3.1 Thegapbetweendataandpopulation 3.2 Is it a Normal distribution?

P age 7

Contents

crF PDPeniF htiw detaeory Fact pdfrint nthsroi levrtai

PFDc ertadew tih FinePrint pdfFotcat yrlairrev onsitt h//p:w.wwm

3.3 Estimatingpopulationparameters 3.3.1estimatingthepopulationaverage 3.3.2 estimating the standard deviation 3.3.3 con…dence intervals for standard deviation 3.3.4con…denceintervalsformean 3.4 Selection(grade/tonnage)calculations 3.5 Summaryofchapter 3.6 Workedexamples 3.6.1Coalproject,calori…cvalues 3.6.2Ironoreexample 3.6.3Wolfcampdata 3.6.4Scallopdata,totalcatch 3.7 Exercises 4. L ognormal distributions (and others) P age 67 4.1 T he lognormal distribution 4.1.1 estimating the mean of a lognormal population 4.1.2con…denceintervalsonthepopulationmean 4.2 Thethreeparameterlognormal 4.3 Selection(grade/tonnage)calculations 4.3.1twoparameterlognormal—reefwidths 4.3.2threeparameterlognormal—goldgrades 4.4 More complex distributions and mixtures 4.4.1mixturesofNormalorlognormalpopulations 4.5 Workedexamples 4.5.1 Scallops, total caught 4.5.2Organicmatterinsoil 4.5.3Calciuminlimestone 4.5.4GeevorTinmine,Cornwall 4.6 Exercises 5. D iscrete distributions 5.1 ReviewofDiscreteMoments 5.2 Bernoulli and Binomial Distributions 5.3 Negative Binomial and Geometric Distributions

t.coprinfine

P age 103

cot.

5.4 Poisson Distribution 5.5 Mixtures of Poisson Distributions (Compound Poisson) 5.5.1OswegoZircondata 5.5.2Otherexamples 5.6 SpatialConsiderations 5.7 SolvedProblems 5.8 Exercises 6. H ypothesis testing 6.1 Singlesampletests 6.1.1testonsamplemean 6.1.2 test on sample standard deviation 6.2 Twosampletests 6.2.1testonstandarddeviations 6.2.2testonmeans 6.2.3 paired sampling 6.2.4 test for sample distribution 6.3 Workedexamples 6.3.1Heightsofstudents 6.3.2Geevortinmine–developmentversusstope 6.4 Exercises 7. R elationships 7.1 Straightlinerelationships 7.1.1 quantifying the strength of the relationship 7.1.2 Predicting one variable from the other 7.1.3 Calori…c Value versus Ash Content 7.1.4 Calori…c Value versus Sulphur Content 7.2 Otherworkedexamples 7.2.1 Gold grade versus reef width 7.2.2Scallopscaught 7.2.3 Application — K rige’s Regression E¤ect 7.3 Relationshipsinvolvingmorethantwovariables 7.3.1 Predicting Sulphur from Calori…c Value and Ash Content 7.3.2Application—Krige’smovingaveragetemplate

mnefiinpr//:p.wwwnoistth 

P age 135

P age 147

it wedatre cDFP verrialry tactodpFfni tenrP hiF