Terrorism and Counterterrorism Insights and Perspectives after September 11 Peter van Ham, Kees Homan, Marianne van Leeuwen, Dick Leurdijk, Frans Osinga December 2001
Contents Introduction Marianne van LeeuwenCatastrophic Terrorism: Elusive Phenomenon, Deadly Threat Marianne van LeeuwenSecurity, War and Strategy after 9-11 Frans OsingaThe Fight Against International Terrorism: the Right to Self-defence, and the Involvement of the UN and NATO Dick LeurdijkPolitics as Unusual: NATO and the EU after 9-11 Peter van HamCountering Terrorism: a Supportive Role for Defence Kees HomanAbout the Authors
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Introduction Marianne van Leeuwen The attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington as well as the ensuing string of attacks by letters infested with anthrax, have stirred up discussions about the character of terrorism, its causes and motivations and its societal and cultural contexts. They have also emphasized the need to find ways and means for countering the threat at various levels and from various angles. This debate is far from over. New aspects and approaches are being raised all the time as events unfold in Afghanistan and elsewhere in the world. In a first joint effort in writing on this subject after ‘nine-eleven’, five members of the Clingendael research staff explore a few aspects of this multifaceted debate. They deal with trends in terrorism, rethinking concepts of security and warfare, the role of international organizations NATO, the European Union, the United Nations in countering terrorism, and possible counterterrorist contributions by the Dutch military in the context of converging concepts of internal and external security. In this period of rapidly changing situations it should be noted that all manuscripts were finalized by December 1st, 2001.