U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

Sylvia Scott

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U.S. FOREIGN POLICY A G E N D A VOLUME 6 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE NUMBER 3

November 2001

Threat Assessment, Countermeasures  and Policy

TERRORISM: THREAT ASSESSMENT, COUNTERMEASURES AND POLICY

On September the 11th, enemies of freedom committed an act of war against our country. Americans have known wars — but for the past 136 years, they have been wars on foreign soil, except for one Sunday in 1941. Americans have known the casualties of war — but not at the center of a great city on a peaceful morning.   Americans have known surprise attacks — but never before on thousands of civilians. All of this was brought upon us in a single day — and night fell on a different world, a world where freedom itself is under attack...

This is not, however, just America’s fight. And what is at stake is not just America’s freedom. This is the world’s fight. This is civilization’s fight. This is the fight of all who believe in progress and pluralism, tolerance and freedom.

We ask every nation to join us. We will ask, and we will need, the help of police forces, intelligence services, and banking systems around the world. The United States is grateful that many nations and many international organizations have already responded — with sympathy and with support. Nations from Latin America, to Asia, to Africa, to Europe, to the Islamic world. Perhaps the NATO Charter reflects best the attitude of the world: An attack on one is an attack on all.

The civilized world is rallying to America’s side. They understand that if this terror goes unpunished, their own cities, their own citizens may be next. Terror, unanswered, cannot only bring down buildings, it can threaten the stability of legitimate governments. We’re not going to allow it...

The course is not known, yet its outcome is certain. Freedom and fear, justice and cruelty, have always been at war, and we know that God is not neutral between them.

George W. Bush President of the United States of America

Editor's Note: This 20th issue of U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda — planned well before the tragic events of September 11th in New York, the Washington, D.C. area, and Pennsylvania — explores major themes in international terrorism and its increasingly violent nature through a series of articles, fact sheets and references from experts within the United States Government and from the academic and private sectors.

U. S. FOREIGN POLICY AGENDA AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE VOLUME 6 • NUMBER 3 • NOVEMBER 2001 2

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY A G E N D A An Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State TERRORISM: THREAT ASSESSMENT, COUNTERMEASURES AND POLICY

_ PREFACE By George W. Bush President of the United States of America

CONTENTS

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_ FOCUS SEIZING THE MOMENT By Colin L. Powell Secretary of State, United States of America TERRORISM: U.S. POLICIES AND COUNTERTERRORISM MEASURES 7 By Ambassador Francis X. Taylor Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State THE INSTRUMENTS OF COUNTERTERRORISM 10 By Paul R. Pillar National Intelligence Officer for Near East and South Asia; National Intelligence Council, Central Intelligence Agency PROTECTING AMERICA AGAINST CYBERTERRORISM 14 By Paul Rodgers Assistant Unit Chief, Outreach and Field Support Unit, National Infrastructure Protection Center Federal Bureau of Investigation MANY COUNTRIES BENEFIT FROM U.S. ANTITERRORISM TRAINING 18 By Alan O. Bigler Director, Antiterrorism Assistance Program, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, U.S. Department of State

_ COMMENTARY TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM AFTER SEPTEMBER 11TH By Bruce Hoffman Vice President, External Affairs Director, RAND Corporation Washington Office ANTHRAX AND MASS-CASUALTY TERRORISM: WHAT IS THE BIOTERRORIST THREAT AFTER SEPTEMBER 11TH By Jason Pate Senior Research Associate and Manager, WMD Terrorism Database, Monterey Institute of International Studies BRINGING TERRORISTS TO JUSTICE UNDER THE RULE OF LAW By Peter Raven-Hansen Glen Earl Weston Research Professor of Law, The George Washington University Law School 3

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