Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens

Ernest Thomas Cook

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens, by Ernest Thomas CookThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.netTitle: Trees and Shrubs for English GardensAuthor: Ernest Thomas CookRelease Date: June 24, 2010 [EBook #32969]Language: English*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TREES, SHRUBS FOR ENGLISH GARDENS ***Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed ProofreadingTeam at http://www.pgdp.netTRANSCRIBERS' NOTESPlease note that most illustrations are thumbnails. Clicking on them will link to a larger version of the image.For the convenience of readers, some illustrations have been moved between pages so that they are at alogical point in the text.TREES AND SHRUBS FOR ENGLISH GARDENSTHE CLUSTER PINE(Pinus Pinaster).THE CLUSTER PINE (Pinus Pinaster).THE "COUNTRY LIFE" LIBRARY.TREES & SHRUBSFORENGLISH GARDENSBYE. T. COOK.SECOND EDITION.DecorationPUBLISHED BY"COUNTRY LIFE" GEORGE NEWNES, Ltd.20, TAVISTOCK STREET, 7-12, SOUTHAMPTON STREET,COVENT GARDEN, W.C. COVENT GARDEN, W.C.1908.DecorationPREFACE TO FIRST EDITIONIt cannot be urged against this work that it travels along a path already well worn, for the subject of trees and shrubsfor English gardens, though almost inexhaustible, has never been so fully ...

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• Publié par: mothung
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 44
• Langue: English

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens, by Ernest Thomas Cook

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net

Title: Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens

Author: Ernest Thomas Cook

Release Date: June 24, 2010 [EBook #32969]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TREES, SHRUBS FOR ENGLISH GARDENS ***

Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

TRANSCRIBERS' NOTES

Please note that most illustrations are thumbnails. Clicking on them will link to a larger version of the image.

For the convenience of readers, some illustrations have been moved between pages so that they are at a logical point in the text.

TREES AND SHRUBS FOR ENGLISH GARDENS

THE CLUSTER PINE (Pinus Pinaster). THE CLUSTER PINE (Pinus Pinaster).

T HE "C OUNTRY L IFE " L IBRARY .

TREES & SHRUBS

FOR

ENGLISH GARDENS

BY

"COUNTRY LIFE" 20, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

E. T. COOK.

SECOND EDITION. Decoration PUBLISHED BY  GEORGE NEWNES, Ltd.  7-12, SOUTHAMPTON STREET,  COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1908.

Decoration

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

It cannot be urged against this work that it travels along a path already well worn, for the subject of trees and shrubs for English gardens, though almost inexhaustible, has never been so fully treated and illustrated as it deserves. The book may have many defects, but its pages will show that an honest effort has been made to offer helpful and instructive information to the many who wish to know more of the beauty of trees and shrubs.

In writing this book, the labour of my spare hours for many months, I have been greatly helped by Mr. Bean, the assistant-curator of the Royal Gardens, Kew, whose deep knowledge of the subject has been willingly imparted; and by Miss Jekyll, to whom I am indebted for many valuable suggestions and notes. Among others to whom grateful thanks are tendered are Mrs. Davidson, Mr. J. Clark, Mr. Dallimore, and Mr. S. W. Fitzherbert.

Some of the chapters have already appeared in theGarden, with the object of making known as widely as possible the importance of the most beautiful trees and shrubs for English woodland and pleasure-grounds.

The illustrations will show how a shrub, so often stunted and mutilated by unwise pruning, becomes beautiful when allowed to develop naturally.

The illustrations have their own teaching value, and in this matter also I desire to thank many willing helpers, especially Miss Jekyll, Miss Willmott, and Mr. Crump, of the Madresfield Court Gardens. Many of them are from photographs taken in the Royal Gardens, Kew. Under the present director (Sir William Thiselton-Dyer) much has been done in the judicious grouping of plants. Here is a living place of instruction open to all.

Those who desire to know more about trees and shrubs than it is possible to give in this book should consult such famous works as Loudon's "Arboretum Britannicum" (8 vols.), and "Encyclopædia of Trees and Shrubs"; Professor Sargent's "Silva of North America," and "Forest Flora of Japan"; "Manual of Coniferæ," by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons; "The Pinetum," by George Gordon; The "Bamboo Garden," by Lord Redesdale; Sir Joseph Hooker's "Rhododendrons of the Sikkim Himalaya"; and the excellent Kew Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs. Much information can also be gleaned from the volumes ofGarden and Forest(American), edited by Professor Sargent, but not now in publication.

The nomenclature at Kew—that is, according to theIndex Kewensis—is that adopted in this book.

It is the wish and hope of the author, whose notes, taken during many years, are embodied, that the book may do something to make English gardens more beautiful and interesting, and that it may win many to see the better ways of planting; also that it may be the means of bringing forward the many trees and shrubs of rare charm that are generally unknown or unheeded.

November 1902.

E. T. C.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

This edition has been thoroughly revised to render it as useful as possible to those who desire a larger acquaintance with the many beautiful trees and shrubs that are hardy in this country. I must tender my heartiest thanks to Mr. William Atkinson (Messrs. Fisher, Son, & Sibray) for his valuable help in preparing this edition. Many of the illustrations represent trees and shrubs in the Royal Gardens, Kew, which are not only beautiful in themselves, but are the centre of scientific research.

March 1908.

E. T. C.

CONTENTS

CHAP. I. WANT OF VARIETY A BLEMISH II. ORNAMENTAL PLANTING IN WOODLAND III. GROUPING OF TREES AND SHRUBS IV. HEATHY PATHS IN OUTER GARDEN SPACES V. TREES AND SHRUBS IN POOR SOILS VI. PRUNING FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS VII. PROPAGATION OF HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS VIII. A WINTER GARDEN OF TREES AND SHRUBS IX. TREES AND SHRUBS WITH BEAUTIFUL CATKINS X. AUTUMN COLOURS XI. TREES AND SHRUBS WITH FINE FRUITS XII. WEEPING TREES AND THEIR USES XIII. THE USE OF VARIEGATED TREES AND SHRUBS XIV. TREES AND SHRUBS FOR SEA-COAST XV. TREES AND SHRUBS FOR WIND-SWEPT GARDENS

PAGE 1 6 8 13 17 19 38 47 65 71 77 88 93 101 106 XVI. CONIFERS (INCLUDING PINES) IN ORNAMENTAL PLANTING110 129 134 138 151 159 163 166 187 208 215 218 226 240 251 257 260 263 283 303 324 334 338 342 353 357 489

XVII. CARE OF OLD TREES XVIII. TREES AND SHRUBS FOR WATERSIDE XIX. TREES AND SHRUBS FOR ROCK GARDEN XX. REMOVAL OF LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS XXI. YOUNG TREES AND SUNSTROKE XXII. SHADE TREES FOR STREETS XXIII. TREES AND SHRUBS IN SCOTLAND XXIV. TENDER SHRUBS AND TREES IN THE SOUTH-WEST XXV. TENDER WALL PLANTS IN THE SOUTH-WEST XXVI. TREES AND SHRUBS IN IRELAND XXVII. HARDY BAMBOOS XXVIII. THE HEATHS XXIX. NATIVE AND OTHER HARDY EVERGREENS XXX. SHRUBS FOR SMALL AND TOWN GARDENS XXXI. SHRUB AND FLOWER BORDERS XXXII. SHRUBS UNDER TREES XXXIII. HARDY SHRUBS IN THE GREENHOUSE XXXIV. SHRUB GROUPS FOR WINTER AND SUMMER EFFECT XXXV. THE USE OF HARDY CLIMBING SHRUBS XXXVI. FLOWERING AND OTHER HEDGES XXXVII. PLEACHED OR GREEN ALLEYS XXXVIII. THE GARDEN ORCHARD XXXIX. THE WORTHY USE OF ROSES XL. PLANTING AND STAKING TREES XLI. HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS, TABLES OF  INDEX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Cluster Pine (Pinus Pinaster) Guelder Rose Magnolia stellata Æsculus parviflora (late July) Sloe, Double-Flowered (Prunus spinosa, fl. pl.) In the Woodland at Kew Wayfaring Tree (Viburnum Lantana) Grouping of Shrub and Daffodil Natural Grouping of Shrub in Rough Ground Shrub and Iris Groups by Woodland Azalea Garden at Kew Ceanothus azureus at Kew Ceanothus azureus, Marie Simon Pearl Bush (Exochorda grandiflora) Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora (Unpruned) Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora Tulip Tree at Ranelagh (Winter) Lime (Winter Beauty) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis japonica, var.zuccariniana) Ulmus alata Willow, Babylonian by Waterside Ash, Weeping Weeping Aspen (Populus tremula, var.pendula) Weeping Wych Elm Elæagnus pungens Cornus Mas (var.variegata) Taurian Tamarisk (Tamarix tetrandra) in Flower Ashes by Water Edge Lombardy Poplar Corsican Pine Walk Araucaria imbricata (Chili Pine) Avenue Maidenhair Tree at Frogmore Maidenhair Tree at Kew Corsican Pine (var.tenuifolia) Avenue of Abies (nobilis glauca) Cedrus atlantica glauca Avenue Libocedrus decurrens (Frogmore) Avenue of Yew (Murthly) Alders near Water White Willow (Salix alba) by Waterside Natural Tree Growth by Water (Burnham Beeches) Willows by Waterside Cistuses and Roses in Rock Garden Dwarf Shrubs in Rock Garden Ononis fruticosa (Shrubby Rest-Harrow) at Exeter Tree in course of Removal Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis) Cytisus præcox A Variety of Mahaleb Cherry (Prunus Mahaleb, var.chrysocarpa) Guelder Rose or Snowball Tree Wych Elms by Hedgerow Edwardsia grandiflora Fabiana imbricata Pinus Montezumæ Pueraria thunbergiana Yuccas, Pampas Grass, and Bamboos (Kew)

Frontispiece To face page 2 "3 "4 "5 "6 " 7 "10 "11 "14 "15 "24 "25 "26 "30 "31 "46 "47 "62 "63 "88 "89 "90 "91 "98 " 99 "103 "106 "107 "110 "111 "112 "113 "114 "118 "119 "121 "124 "134 "135 "136 "137 "140 "141 "150 "151 "164 "178 "179 "184 "185 "198 "199 "204 "212 "218

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Bamboo Garden at Kew Erica carnea A Grouping of Heaths White Scotch Heather (Erica cinerea alba) White Mediterranean Heath (Erica mediterranea alba) Weeping Holly Arbutus Menziesii Hibiscus syriacus (Althæa frutex, var.cæruleus) Mock Orange (Philadelphus coronarius) Tall Evergreen Shrubs in Flower Border Spiræa canescens Clematis montana over Rough Wall Clematis montana over Archway Camellia Leaf and Fruit (Outdoors) Dutch Honeysuckle on Wall Polygonum baldschuanicum over Fir Prunus triloba on Sunny Wall Old Wistaria at Hampton Court Wistaria racemes Great Beech Hedge Hedge of Maidens' Blush Rose Nut Walk Old Apple Walk Old Mulberry Tree, Syon Old Medlar Tree Rosa multiflora Hybrid Rose Una Staking Trees Horse Chestnut Catalpa or Indian Bean Tree (C. bignonioides) Cistus villosus Cytisus capitatus Moonlight Broom (Cytisus scoparius, var.pallidus) A Hybrid Broom (Cytisus kewensis) Garland Flower (Daphne Cneorum) Erinacea pungens May-Flower (Epigæa repens) Escallonia philippiana Spanish Furze (Genista (Ulex) hispanica) Spanish Furze on Rough Slope Genista monosperma Shoot of Snowdrop Tree (Halesia tetraptera) Hydrangeas Hydrangea petiolaris Kalmia latifolia Yulan (Magnolia conspicua) Yulan as a Wall Shrub Magnolia conspicua, var.soulangeana(late Spring) Olearia macrodonta Prunus Persica Spiræa arguta Prunus serrulata Prunus padus, fl. pl. Pyrus sinaica Pyrus spectabilis Siberian Crab (Pyrus Malus baccata) Pyrus lobata Rhododendron arboreum (Hybrid) Rhododendron Hybrid (Donegal) Rhododendron præcox

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219 232 233 234 235 247 248 252 253 258 294 300 301 316 317 318 319 322 323 330 331 334 335 338 339 348 349 354 358 366 370 373 376 377 382 383 384 385 388 389 390 392 393 394 395 402 403 404 405 410 414 416 417 420 422 423 427 428 429 432

Rhododendron Sapho in Irish Garden (Donegal) Californian Poppy (Romneya Coulteri) Neillia (Spiræa) opulifolia Spiræa lindleyana Lilacs Standard Lilac Viburnum macrocephalum Yucca gloriosa in a Surrey Garden Yucca filamentosa Pterocarya caucasica Cork Oak (Quercus Suber) Evergreen Oaks Dovaston Yew on Steep Bank

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433 449 452 453 456 457 464 466 467 480 481 482 486

TREES AND SHRUBS