ARMA manuscript No will be inserted by the editor

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ARMA manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) On infinite energy solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations: global 2D existence and 3D weak-strong uniqueness ISABELLE GALLAGHER, FABRICE PLANCHON Abstract This paper studies the bidimensional Navier–Stokes equations with large ini- tial data in the homogeneous Besov space _B 2 r 1 r;q (R 2 ). As long as r; q < +1, global existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved. We also prove that weak– strong uniqueness holds for the d-dimensional equations with data in _B d r 1 r;q (R d )\ L 2 (R d ) for d=r + 2=q 1. 1. Introduction We are interested in solving the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes system in the whole space, say 8 > < > : @u @t = u u rurp; r u = 0; u(x; 0) = u 0 (x); x 2 R 2 ; t 0: (1.1) The vector field u(t; x) stands for the velocity of the fluid, the scalar field p for its pressure, and r u = 0 means that the fluid is incompressible.

• vector field


• leray solutions


• global existence


• navier stokes equations


• only known


• interpolation between


• besov space


• numbers such

Sujets

• Vector field
• Navier?Stokes equations
• Besov space

Informations

• Publié par: pefav
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: English

Extrait

ARMA manuscript No.

(will be inserted by the editor)

On infinite energy solutions to the

Navier–Stokes equations: global 2D existence

and 3D weak-strong uniqueness

I

SABELLE

G

ALLAGHER

, F

ABRICE

P

LANCHON

Abstract

This paper studies the bidimensional Navier–Stokes equations with large ini-

tial data in the homogeneous Besov space

. As long as

,

global existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved. We also prove that weak–

strong uniqueness holds for the

-dimensional equations with data in

for

.

1. Introduction

We are interested in solving the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes system in

the whole space, say

(1.1)

The vector field

stands for the velocity of the fluid, the scalar field

for its

pressure, and

means that the fluid is incompressible.

Recall that global existence for large data in the energy class is well-known;

that result goes back to J. Leray [19], and states that for any divergence free ini-

tial data

in the space

, there is a unique, global solution

to (1.1).

If

is the homogeneous Sobolev space then the solution

is in the energy

space

, where

stands for the space

of functions which are continuous and bounded on

. Moreover, the solution

satisfies the energy equality

2

I. Gallagher and F. Planchon

More recently, global existence for large data was proved for measure-valued

vorticity (G.-H. Cottet [9] and Y. Giga, T. Miyakawa and H. Osada [14]); unique-

ness is only known under a smallness assumption on the atomic part of the measure

([14,16]). In this situation, the initial velocity field

given by the Biot-Savart Law

is known to be at least in the Lorentz space

, which is strictly larger than

;

but not all

can be paired with a measure-valued vorticity. On the other

hand, global existence holds for almost every conceivable function space under a

smallness assumption. The most recent and almost final result is for data which are

first derivatives of

functions (see the work of H. Koch and D. Tataru [17]);

we will call that space

in the sequel.

In 3D the situation is a lot more complex, and little is known between the

weak

solutions (Leray’s solutions, in

,

which are known to exist with no uniqueness result) and the strong small

solutions (Kato’s solutions [15], which exist and are unique in

(see [11] for uniqueness) for small data). One has however weak solutions for a

large class of initial data: weak

solutions for

were constructed

by C. Calder

´

on in [4] and more recently, P.-G. Lemari

´

e extended those results to

“locally

” data ([18]). Uniqueness is of course an open problem. We refer to the

work of P. Auscher and P. Tchamitchian [1] for the presentation of a large class of

function spaces in which the Navier-Stokes equations can be solved uniquely and

globally, for small data (or locally for large data).

On the other hand, in 2D one expects the small data existence to extend to

large data, even beyond

data, as long as one works with a functional space

which scales like

. Recall that the scaling of the Navier–Stokes equations in

,

with

, is as follows: for any real number

,

is a solution to the Navier–

Stokes equations associated with the data

if the same goes for

associated

with

, with

def

and

def

The space

is clearly invariant under the transformation

.

In order to achieve global existence results, we will follow Calder

´

on’s proce-

dure [4] and perform a (non-linear) interpolation between Leray’s solutions and

Kato’s solutions (or more accurately, their extensions to Besov spaces). Hence,

one expects to get any data which fits into any interpolation space between

and

. The Besov spaces

appear very naturally in this con-

text, for

,

(the case where

is essentially easy, as the

regularity is then positive). We note that by using the different techniques devel-

oped in [18], one could get another class of initial data (roughly the density of the

Schwartz class in the Morrey-Campanato space

), but still miss homoge-

neous data. We emphasize the fact that the most interesting case is for

and

large, for which

is close to

. Indeed, as soon as one gets a

global existence result for

large, it automatically implies global existence for

all

and

, because of the embedding

.

Before stating our result we recall what Besov spaces are, through their char-

acterizations via frequency localization (see [2] for details).