Global smooth solutions of Euler equations for Van der Waals gases

Magali Lécureux-Mercier

Description

Global smooth solutions of Euler equations for Van der Waals gases Magali Lécureux-Mercier? February 17, 2011 Abstract We prove global in time existence of solutions of the Euler compressible equations for a Van der Waals gas when the density is small enough in Hm, for m large enough. To do so, we introduce a specific symmetrization allowing areas of null density. Next, we make estimates in Hm, using for some terms the estimates done by Grassin, who proved the same theorem in the easier case of a perfect polytropic gas. We treat the remaining terms separately, due to their nonlinearity. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35L60, 35Q31, 76N10. Keywords: Euler compressible equations, smooth solutions, special symmetrization. 1 Introduction We are interested in the Cauchy problem for Euler compressible equations, describing the evolution of a gas whose thermodynamical and kinetic properties are known at time t = 0. More specifically, we are concerned with the life span of smooth solutions. Various authors, in particular Sideris [20, 21], Makino, Ukai and Kawashima [13] and Chemin [2, 3] have given criteria for mathematical explosion. We know also that there exist global in time solutions for well-chosen initial data. Li [12], Serre [19] and Grassin [7] prove, for example, the global in time existence of regular solutions under some hypotheses of “expansivity”.

• there exist global


• ?? ?


• global classical


• law coincides


• euler compressible


• can define


• gases


• state law


• euler equations

Sujets

• State law
• List of topics named after Leonhard Euler

Informations

• Publié par: profil-urra-2012
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English

Extrait

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Global smooth solutions of Euler equations Waals gases Magali Lécureux-Mercier ∗

February 17, 2011

for

Van der

Abstract We prove global in time existence of solutions of the Euler compressible equations for a Van der Waals gas when the density is small enough inH m , formlarge enough. To do so, we introduce a specific symmetrization allowing areas of null density. Next, we make estimates in H m who proved the same theorem in the, using for some terms the estimates done by Grassin, easier case of a perfect polytropic gas. We treat the remaining terms separately, due to their nonlinearity.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification:35L60, 35Q31, 76N10.

Keywords:Euler compressible equations, smooth solutions, special symmetrization.

Introduction

We are interested in the Cauchy problem for Euler compressible equations, describing the evolution of a gas whose thermodynamical and kinetic properties are known at timet= 0. More specifically, we are concerned with the life span of smooth solutions. Various authors, in particular Sideris [20, 21], Makino, Ukai and Kawashima [13] and Chemin [2, 3] have given criteria for mathematical explosion. We know also that there exist global in time solutions for well-chosen initial data. Li [12], Serre [19] and Grassin [7] prove, for example, the global in time existence of regular solutions under some hypotheses of “expansivity”. Most of these results were obtained within the framework of perfect polytropic gases. A natural question is to determine whether these results extend to more realistic gases, following, for example, the Van der Waals law. This law takes into account the volume of molecules, which is important in physical situations like explosions or implosions. In such limits, the gas is highly compressed, and the Van der Waals law fits better with the behavior of real gases than with that of the perfect polytropic gases in such limits. The Van der Waals law is also used to modelize dusty gases, seen as perfect gases with dust pollution [8, 16, 22, 24]. This law is given by the relationship

p(v−b) =RT 

wherepis the pressure,vis the massic volume,Tis the temperature, andbRare given constants. The addition of the covolumebthe compressibility limit of the molecules in the, representing gas, modifies nontrivially the analysis of the Euler equations. However, we are going to show the global in time existence of regular solutions, thus generalizing a theorem of Grassin [7].

Theorem 1.1.Letm >1 +d2. Let(ρ 0  u 0  s 0 )be the initial conditions for the Cauchy problem associated with the Euler compressible equations (2.1) for a Van der Waals gas with constantc v (see (2.6) below) andc v >0 us assume. Let06ρ 0 61b. Then we can defineγ 0 = 1 + c v ; furthermore there existsε 0 >0such that if ∗ Laboratoire MAPMO, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres B.P. 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France, E-mail: [e-mail]

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γ−1 (H1)  (π 0  s 0 )  H m (R d ) 6ε 0 , whereπ 0 =  1−bρ 0  2 exp( c v ), (H2)the initial speedu 0 belongs to the spaceX={z:R d →R d ; Dz∈L ∞ D 2 z∈H m−1 }, (H3)there existsδ >0such that for allx∈R d ,c(Ddist(Speu 0 )(x)R − )>δ, whereSpec(M) stands for the spectrum of the matrixM∈ M d (R), (H4)the initial densityρ 0 and the initial entropys 0 have compact support, then the problem ¯ ( ∂ t u¯ u(¯0 (+u x  ) ∇)¯u= =u 0 ( 0 x) on noR R d +  ×R d  (1.1) admits a global classical solution. If, furthermore,γ 0 = ν−1 withν∈Nandν>2, or ifγ 0 and msatisfyν= γ 0 −1 >m >1 + 2 , then there exists a global classical solution(ρ u s)to the Euler compressible equations (2.1) satisfying γ−1   1−ρb ρ  2  u−u s  ∈C 0 (R + ;H m (R d ;R d+2 ))∩C 1 (R + ;H m−1 (R d ;R d+2 )) To do so, we have first to extend to Van der Waals gases a symmetrization obtained by Makino, Ukai and Kawashima [13], which allows null density areas. Next we will derive energy estimates in m H. Since the Van der Waals gases have a behavior close to that of perfect polytropic gases for weak densities, this result is not very surprising. However, the nonlinear terms introduced by the Van der Waals law have to be treated carefully. In section 2, we describe the thermodynamic properties of a compressible gas, and we state some important properties such as the Friedrichs symmetrization. In section 3, we give the detailed proof of this result, and in ection 4 we give the proofs of some technical lemmas used in section 3.

2 Thermodynamic and first properties

2.1 Conservation law

Compressible fluid dynamics, without viscosity or heat transfer, is described by the Euler equations, which are made of the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy (see [5, Chap. 2]):    ∂ ∂ t t ρ q v( ( d v i id + + ρu uρ ) ⊗ = u) 0 + ∇p= 0 (2.1)   ∂ t E+ div  (E+p)u  = 0 whereρis the mass of the fluid per unit of volume,q=ρuis the momentum per unit of volume, and E= 2 ρu 2 +ρeis the total energy per unit of volume, sum of the kinetic energy and internal energy. This is a system of(d+ 2)equations and(d+ 3) densityunknowns: theρ∈R + , the speedu∈R d , the internal energye∈R, and the pressurep∈R. In order to complete this system, we have to add a state law, for example, an incomplete state law, also calledpressure law(ρ e)7→p(ρ e).

Definition 2.1.We denote asEuler compressible equationsthe system composed of the conserva- tion laws (2.1) and an incomplete state lawp=p(ρ e).

A simplified model is often considered, conserving only the conservation of mass and momentum, assuming that the fluid is isentropic. This simplified system is + div(ρu) = 0 ( ∂ ∂ t t q ρ + div(ρu⊗u) +∇p= 0 (2.2)

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