Localization Properties of the Chalker Coddington Model

Pierre Duclos

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Doctorat, Bac+8
Localization Properties of the Chalker-Coddington Model We dedicate this work to the memory of our friend and colleague Pierre Duclos Joachim Asch ?, Olivier Bourget †, Alain Joye ‡ 30.07.2010 Abstract The Chalker Coddington quantum network percolation model is numerically pertinent to the understanding of the delocalization transition of the quantum Hall effect. We study the model restricted to a cylinder of perimeter 2M . We prove firstly that the Lyapunov exponents are simple and in particular that the localization length is finite; secondly that this implies spectral localization. Thirdly we prove a Thouless formula and compute the mean Lyapunov exponent which is independent of M . 1 Introduction We start with a mathematical then a physical description of the model. Fix the parameters r, t ? [0, 1], such that, r2 + t2 = 1, denote by T the complex numbers of modulus 1 and for q = (q1, q2, q3) ? T3, by S(q) the general unitary U(2) matrix depending on these three phases S(q) := ( q1q2 0 0 q1q2 )( t ?r r t )( q3 0 0 q3 ) . ?CPT-CNRS UMR 6207, Universite du Sud, ToulonVar, BP 20132, F–83957 La Garde Cedex, France, e-mail: asch@cpt.

• coddington quantum


• u?


• chalker-coddington model


• random phase


• let rt


• chile ‡institut


• lyapunov exponents


• quantum hall


• magnetic random


• universidad catolica de chile

Sujets

• Duclos
• Bourget
• France
• Lyapunov exponent
• Quantum Hall effect
• Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Informations

• Publié par: profil-zyak-2012
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English

Extrait

Localization

Properties of the Model

Chalker-Coddington

We dedicate this work to the memory of our friend and colleague Pierre Duclos

Joachim Asch , ∗ Olivier Bourget , † Alain Joye ‡

30.07.2010

Abstract

The Chalker Coddington quantum network percolation model is numerically pertinent to the understanding of the delocalization transition of the quantum Hall effect. We study the model restricted to a cylinder of perimeter2M. We prove firstly that the Lyapunov exponents are simple and in particular that the localization length is finite; secondly that this implies spectral localization. Thirdly we prove a Thouless formula and compute the mean Lyapunov exponent which is independent ofM.

1 Introduction

We start with a mathematical then a physical description of the model. Fix the parameters r, t∈[0,1],such that, r 2 +t 2 = 1,

denote byTthe complex numbers of modulus1and forq= (q 1 , q 2 , q 3 )∈T 3 , byS(q)the general unitaryU(2)matrix depending on these three phases S(q) :=  q 1 0 q 2 q 1 0 q 2   t r − t r   q 0 3 q 0 3  . ∗ ,exedeCrdGaLa75938–F,23102PB,deSuduT,uoolVnraR6207,Universit´PCNC-TMUSR France, e-mail: [e-mail] † aeMCahcikleen,nAvt.´Voilciuc˜andsrdidaaCiacUainevPoasifintm´teicatotneaMedapeDmatr 4860, C.P. 690 44 11, Macul Santiago, Chile ‡ sit´iverr,UnurieB,7Plb1eerondeGear-Mntai2S40384,narF,sere`H’dnitectitsoFtunI

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 bb , b P  be the probability space:Ω b :=  T 6  (2Z) 2 , b P:=⊗ (2Z) 2 d 6 lwhere LetΩ,F b dlis the normalized Lebesgue measure onT, andFtheσ−algebra generated by the cylinder sets. With b p∈, p 2 , p 3 , p 4 , p 5 , p 6 ) Ω, p(2j,2k) =: ( | p 1 {z } {z } | p e (2j,2k)p o (2j+1,2k+1) and the basis vectorse µ (ρ) :=δ µ,ρ (µ, ρ∈Z 2 ), the family of unitary operators U b (p) :l 2 (Z 2 )→l 2 (Z 2 ) b b is defined by its matrix elementsU µ;ν =he µ , U e ν i: b U µ;ν := 0 except for the blocks b b
U U b ( ( p p ) ) (2 2(, j j2 1+ k , + 2k ) 2 1(; ) 2 (;j, j, 2 2 k k ) ) U U b ( ( p p) ) 2 2( (j, j+ 2k 1, +1 2k ; 2 (2 (;) ) j j1+ +1 , , 2 2k k 1)+ )1+ ! :=S(p e (2j,2k))(1)
U U b 2 2( (j j2+ 1+ , , 2 2 k k +) + 2( ) ; 1( 2 ;2 j j 2+ 2+, , 2 2 k k + +1) 1) U U b b (2 (2j j + +2 1 , ,2 2 k k ;)1+2( +2 j+1,2k+2) ! :=S(p o (2j+1,2k+1)). b );(2j+1,2k+2) b Note thatUis an ergodic family of random unitary operators; indeed, b b b b U ∗ U=I=U U ∗ the unitarity of the blocks; further denote bybecause of Θ b the action ofZ 2 on functionsfonZ 2 : b ∈Z 2 (l, m)∈Z 2 ), (Θ (l,m) f)(µ) :=f(µ+ (2l,2m)) (µ ,

b b and, by abuse of notation, the corresponding shift onΩ. ThenΘis measure b preserving and ergodic onΩand b b b b b −1 U(Θp) = ΘU(p)Θ.

This model was introduced in the physics literature by Chalker and Cod- dingtion, [CC], see [KOK] for a review, in order to b study essential features of the quantum Hall transition in a quantitative way.Udescribes the dynamics of a 2D electron in a strong perpendicular magnetic field and a smooth bounded random electric potential which is supposed to have some array of hyperbolic fixed points forming the nodes of a graph. In this picture the electron moves on the directed edges of the graph whose nodes are “even”:{(1/2,1/2) + (2j,2k), j, k∈Z}or “odd”:{(1/2,1/2) + (2j+ 1,2k+ 1), j, k∈Z}with edg b es connecting the even (odd) nodes to there nearest odd (even) neighbors.Udescribes the evolution at time one of the electron. The edges are labeled by their midpoints. They are directed in b such a way thatUmodels the tunneling near the hyperbolic fixed points of the potential, see figure1 tunneling is described by the scattering matrices. The

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Figure 1: The network model with its incoming (solid arrows) and outgoing links

Sassociated with the even, respectively odd, nodes. phases random i.i.d. The associated with each node take into account the deviation of the random electric potential from periodicity. Following the literature on tunneling near a hamiltonian saddle point, [FH], [CdVP], the parametertis √ 1+ 1 e ε whereεis the distance of the electrons energy to the nearest Landau Level. An application of a finite size scaling method to their numerical observations led Chalker and Coddington [CC], see also [KOK], to conjecture that the localization length diverges ast/r→1as  ln 1 | r t |  α

where the critical exponentαexceeds substantially the exponent expected when a classical percolation model is applied to the problem, [T]; the values advocated forαare2.5±0.5for the quantum and4/3for the classical case. Because of its importance for the understanding of the integer quantum Hall effect the one electron magnetic random model in two dimensions was and continues to be heavily studied in the mathematical literature. Mathematical resultsconcerningthefullSchr¨odingerHamiltoniancanbetracedfromthe following contributions and their references: [W] for percolation, [GKS] for the existence of the localization–delocalization transition [ASS,BESB,G] for the general theory of the quantum Hall effect. For results concerning a 2D electron in a magnetic field and periodic potential, which corresponds to the absence of phases here, see [TKN 2 ], [HS recent work on Lyapunov exponents on]. For hamiltonian strip models see [RS], [BS], [Bou]. Our results concern the restriction of the model to a strip of width2Mand periodic boundary conditions; they are presented as follows. In section2we analyze the extreme cases,r= 0andr= 1. Then, for the case where all phases are chosen to be 1, we give a description of the spectrum. Questions related to transfer matrix formalism are handled in sections3,4,5 section. In6

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