How we get hydrogen

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Description

• fiche de synthèse - matière potentielle : in lesson

LONDON HYDROGEN PARTNERSHIP Supported by LONDON SCHOOLS Sponsored by Le ss o n 1 How we get hydrogen Introduction Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the universe but on planet Earth pure hydrogen is relatively rare. Hydrogen is mainly found in combination with other chemical elements to form compounds. Therefore, in order to get pure hydrogen we need to remove it from a compound. In this lesson you will learn about two compounds that act as sources of hydrogen: water and biomass .

• ‘clean energy
• renewable source of energy
• source of energy
• source energy
• methane
• wind- turbines
• wind turbines
• biomass
• hydrogen
• gas
• oxygen
• power

Sujets

• Cavendish
• Lavoisier
• London
• Méthane
• Hydrogen
• Energy
• Biomass
• Renewable resource
• Source

Informations

• Publié par: edwui
• Nombre de lectures: 55

Extrait

Latin American Modal Split in
International Transport – Year 2008

Paraguay

Ricardo J. Sánchez
Gordon Wilmsmeier
Oscar Medina
Marc HesseUNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 1
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS BY REGION OR COUNTRY OF DEPARTURE
VolumeValue (FOB)
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
Africa 3,874,136 0.05% 1,420 0.04%
Argentina 852,592,207 11.87% 700,753 20.72%
Asia/Pacific 1,525,465,869 21.24% 307,542 9.09%
Bolivia 21,964,173 0.31% 29,370 0.87%
Brazil 2,141,081,088 29.81% 1,798,308 53.18%
Chile 342,428,465 4.77% 128,484 3.80%
Colombia 5,768,339 0.08% 1,090 0.03%
Ecuador 2,518,557 0.04% 912 0.03%
Europe 380,489,241 5.30% 86,558 2.56%
Mexico 46,882,808 0.65% 12,393 0.37%
North America 1,545,033,734 21.51% 108,430 3.21%
Not classified 10,208,619 0.14% 3,492 0.10%
Other LAC 50,419,378 0.70% 5,087 0.15%
Peru 1,817,667 0.03% 502 0.01%
Uruguay 252,202,360 3.51% 196,908 5.82%
Venezuela 745,597 0.01% 406 0.01%
Total 7,183,492,238 100% 3,381,655 100%
Figure 1
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS BY REGION OF DEPARTURE
VALUE (FOB, current USD) VOLUME (Metric Tons)
Regions
15%
Other
Regions
48% LAC
52%
LAC
85%
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 1UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 2
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS BY REGION OR COUNTRY OF DESTINATION
Value (FOB) Volume
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
Africa 127,843,190 2.91% 221,842 2.36%
Argentina 711,885,088 16.22% 2,073,681 22.03%
Asia/Pacific 364,819,038 8.31% 438,994 4.66%
Bolivia 40,740,526 0.93% 29,378 0.31%
Brazil 614,373,268 13.99% 2,182,928 23.19%
Chile 369,103,103 8.41% 424,035 4.51%
Colombia 17,175,115 0.39% 31,807 0.34%
Ecuador 34,907,946 0.80% 61,175 0.65%
Europe 715,208,406 16.29% 1,055,786 11.22%
Mexico 7,924,435 0.18% 4,235 0.04%
North America 75,060,503 1.71% 92,948 0.99%
Not classified 45,961,081 1.05% 94,137 1.00%
Other LAC 82,671,620 1.88% 118,819 1.26%
Peru 148,145,422 3.37% 314,071 3.34%
Uruguay 777,433,361 17.71% 2,061,132 21.90%
Venezuela 256,697,778 5.85% 206,750 2.20%
Total 4,389,949,880 100% 9,411,718 100%
Figure 2
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS BY REGION OF DESTINATION
VALUE (FOB, current USD) VOLUME (Metric Tons)
Other
Regions
Other 20%
Regions
30%
LAC
70%
LAC
80%
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 2UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 3
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS
SITC ONE-DIGIT COMMODITY GROUP FROM OUTSIDE LAC
Value (FOB) Volume
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
SITC 0: Food & Live Animals 18,410,978 0.53% 8,864 1.75%
SITC 1: Beverages & tobacco 36,356,647 1.05% 20,280 4.00%
SITC 2: Crude Materials exc. Fuel 4,739,863 0.14% 1,102 0.22%
SITC 4: Animal & Vegetable Oils etc. 626,406 0.02% 255 0.05%
SITC 5: Chemical products 386,979,733 11.17% 97,865 19.29%
SITC 6: Classified Manufactures 195,613,377 5.65% 127,289 25.08%
SITC 7: Machinery & transport equip. 2,364,438,897 68.24% 201,052 39.62%
SITC 8: Other manufactured articles 455,396,393 13.14% 50,299 9.91%
SITC 9: No clas. goods & operations 2,506,066 0.07% 435 0.09%
Total 3,465,068,360 100% 507,441 100%
Figure 3
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS BY COMMODITY GROUP FROM OUTSIDE LAC
VOLUMEVALUE (FOB)
Not Classified (SITCNot Classified (SITC
100% 100% 9) and Not Declared9) and Not Declared
90% 90%
80% 80%
Manufactured Goods Manufactured70% 70%
(SITC 5 to 8 - 68) Goods (SITC 5 to 8 -60% 60%
68)50% 50%
40% All Food Items (SITC 40% All Food Items (SITC
30% 0 + 1 + 22 + 4) 30% 0 + 1 + 22 + 4)
20% 20%
10% 10%Agricultural & Raw
0% Agricultural & RawMaterials (SITC 2 - 0%
Paraguay Materials (SITC 2 -Paraguay(22,27,28))
(22,27,28))
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 3UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 4
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS
SITC ONE-DIGIT COMMODITY GROUP BOUND FOR OUTSIDE LAC
VolumeValue (FOB)
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
SITC 0: Food & Live Animals 654,789,323 49.27% 930,696 48.89%
SITC 1: Beverages & tobacco 6,337,219 0.48% 3,195 0.17%
SITC 2: Crude Materials exc. Fuel 419,851,241 31.59% 789,282 41.46%
SITC 4: Animal & Vegetable Oils etc. 182,481,107 13.73% 158,046 8.30%
SITC 5: Chemical products 6,851,026 0.52% 2,000 0.11%
SITC 6: Classified Manufactures 29,728,562 2.24% 14,994 0.79%
SITC 7: Machinery & transport equip. 19,767,878 1.49% 4,356 0.23%
SITC 8: Other manufactured articles 9,085,862 0.68% 1,138 0.06%
Total 1,328,892,218 100% 1,903,707 100%
Figure 4
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS BY COMMODITY GROUP BOUND FOR OUTSIDE LAC
VALUE (FOB) VOLUME
Manufactured GoodsManufactured Goods100% 100%
(SITC 5 to 8 - 68)(SITC 5 to 8 - 68)90% 90%
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60% All Food Items (SITC 0All Food Items (SITC 0
50% + 1 + 22 + 4)50%+ 1 + 22 + 4)
40% 40%
30% 30%
20% 20%
Agricultural & RawAgricultural & Raw10% 10%
Materials (SITC 2 -Materials (SITC 2 -0% 0% (22,27,28))(22,27,28))Paraguay Paraguay
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 4UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 5
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS
SITC ONE-DIGIT COMMODITY GROUP FROM LAC
Value (FOB) Volume
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
SITC 0: Food & Live Animals 310,998,254 8.36% 291,916 10.16%
SITC 1: Beverages & tobacco 158,219,029 4.26% 172,160 5.99%
SITC 2: Crude Materials exc. Fuel 78,312,997 2.11% 460,535 16.02%
SITC 4: Animal & Vegetable Oils etc. 11,875,175 0.32% 7,417 0.26%
SITC 5: Chemical products 916,055,971 24.64% 871,002 30.30%
SITC 6: Classified Manufactures 707,114,473 19.02% 727,928 25.33%
SITC 7: Machinery & transport equip. 1,238,630,122 33.31% 251,280 8.74%
SITC 8: Other manufactured articles 297,214,618 7.99% 91,976 3.20%
Total 3,718,420,639 100% 2,874,213 100%
Figure 5
Paraguay: INCOMING FLOWS BY COMMODITY GROUP FROM LAC
VALUE (FOB) VOLUME
Manufactured Manufactured Goods100% 100%Goods (SITC 5 to 8 - (SITC 5 to 8 - 68)90% 90%68)
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% All Food Items (SITC 60% All Food Items (SITC
50% 0 + 1 + 22 + 4) 50% 0 + 1 + 22 + 4)
40% 40%
30% 30%
20%
20%Agricultural & Raw10% Agricultural & Raw
10%Materials (SITC 2 -0% Materials (SITC 2 -
0%(22,27,28))Paraguay (22,27,28))
Paraguay
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 5UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 6
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS
SITC ONE-DIGIT COMMODITY GROUP BOUND FOR INSIDE LAC
Value (FOB) Volume
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
SITC 0: Food & Live Animals 977,723,386 31.94% 2,748,410 36.61%
SITC 1: Beverages & tobacco 18,795,308 0.61% 14,423 0.19%
SITC 2: Crude Materials exc. Fuel 1,366,971,792 44.66% 4,166,407 55.49%
SITC 4: Animal & Vegetable Oils etc. 410,123,084 13.40% 335,589 4.47%
SITC 5: Chemical products 71,601,069 2.34% 56,565 0.75%
SITC 6: Classified Manufactures 133,844,462 4.37% 164,183 2.19%
SITC 7: Machinery & transport equip. 14,247,744 0.47% 2,986 0.04%
SITC 8: Other manufactured articles 67,750,817 2.21% 19,448 0.26%
Total 3,061,057,662 100% 7,508,011 100%
Figure 6
Paraguay: OUTGOING FLOWS BY COMMODITY GROUP BOUND FOR INSIDE LAC
VALUE (FOB) VOLUME
Manufactured Goods Manufactured Goods100% 100%
(SITC 5 to 8 - 68) (SITC 5 to 8 - 68)90%
80% 80%
70%
60% 60%All Food Items (SITC 0 All Food Items (SITC
50%+ 1 + 22 + 4) 0 + 1 + 22 + 4)
40% 40%
30%
20% 20%
Agricultural & Raw Agricultural & Raw10%
Materials (SITC 2 - Materials (SITC 2 -0% 0%
(22,27,28)) (22,27,28))Paraguay Paraguay
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 6UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 7
Paraguay: MODAL SPLIT OF INCOMING FLOWS FROM OUTSIDE LAC
VolumeValue (FOB)
(current USD) (Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)
Airborne 1,356,538,474 39.15% 13,314 2.62%
Other 284,294,504 8.20% 24,254 4.78%
Shallow Draft Vessel River 1,393,859,585 40.23% 425,974 83.95%
Truck 430,379,036 12.42% 43,899 8.65%
Total 3,465,071,599 100% 507,441 100%
Figure 7
Paraguay: MODAL SPLIT OF INCOMING FLOWS FROM OUTSIDE LAC
VALUE (FOB, current USD) VOLUME (Metric Tons)
100% 100%
90% 90% WaterborneWaterborne
80% 80%
70% 70%
Truck & Rail Truck & Rail
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 40% Other modesOther modes
30% 30%
20% 20%
Airborne Airborne
10% 10%
0% 0%
Paraguay Paraguay
Sánchez, R., Wilmsmeier, G., Medina, O. and Hesse, M. (2010) 7UNECLAC - Latin America - Modal Split in International Transport - year 2008
Table 8
Paraguay: MODAL SPLIT OF OUTGOING FLOWS
BOUND FOR OUTSIDE LAC
Value (FOB) Volume
(Percent) (Metric Tons) (Percent)(current USD)
Other 1,328,892,218 100.00% 1,903,707 100.00%
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