The Rise of Russia

Hessj

Description

• cours magistral - matière potentielle : suggestions
• expression écrite

Chapter 24 The Rise of Russia Chapter Summary. The rise of the Russian empire, unlike Western colonial empires, although altering power balances through Eurasia involved only limited commercial exchange. After freeing themselves from Mongol domination by 1480, the Russians pushed eastward. Some extension of territory also occurred in eastern Europe. Regional states, many differing from Russia, were present, with Lithuania and Poland rivaling Russia into the 17th century. Russia, with its Byzantine influenced culture, had been unimportant in world affairs before the 15th century.

• royal authority
• economic lag
• peasant discontent
• russia from the mongols
• importance of the western european
• western dress styles
• military superiority
• russia
• land
• state

Sujets

• Catherine
• Maison Romanov
• Saint Petersburg
• Empire
• Eastern Province
• Russia
• Western Province
• Western
• Importance

Informations

• Publié par: soom0
• Nombre de lectures: 53
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

NATIONAL PHARMACY DATABASE
PROJECT












CG Berbatis, VB Sunderland, CR Mills and M Bulsara

June 2003








School of Pharmacy
Curtin University of Technology of Western Australia
GPO Box U1987
Perth WA 6845





C Berbatis and V B Sunderland
School of Pharmacy
Curtin University of Technology of Western Australia
GPO Box U1987 Perth
Western Australia 6845



This project was funded under the Third Community Pharmacy Agreement Research and Development Grants
Program for the project titled “Reference data base of Australia’s community pharmacies: Analysis of national
survey”.

































First published in June 2003

Reference database of Australia’s community pharmacies.

Copyright School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology of Western Australia GPO
Box U1987 Perth W Australia 6845.

ISBN: 1 74067 2747.

All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced with appropriate citation and the prior
informing of the copyright owners and the authors of this report

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements …………...……………………..………………………………………… 3
Executive summary …………...……………………..………………………………………… 4
Recommendations …………...……………………..…………………………………………9
Contact details …………...… 16

1. Introduction …………….……………..………………………………………… 17
1.1 Terms of Reference ………………..………..………………………………………… 17
1.2 Origins of the National Pharmacy Database Project ….………………..……… 17
1.3 Review of pharmacy surveys overseas and in Australia ………..…..……… 18
1.4 Methodology …………………….…..…………………………………………… 19
1.4.1Sample and stratification with PhARIA system ……….…………..……… 19
1.4.1.1 Difficulties with the PhARIA system for stratification ….……..………… 20
1.4.2 Participation rate ……………..…….………………………………………… 20
1.4.3 Response rate ……………………… 21
1.4.4 Questionnaire ………………………………… 22
1.4.5 Implementation and administration of survey …….…………… 22
1.4.6 Analysis ……………..…….………………………………………………... 23
1.4.7 National estimates …..…….…………………………... 24
2. Database (Term of Reference 1, disk attached) …..………………………………..... 25
2.1 Pharmacy activities, facilities, services, PhARIA and estimates …………....... 25
2.2 Pharmacy characteristics and facility/service provision ……………………..... 25
2.3 Pharmacy characteristics and barriers …..………………………………........... 26
3. (Terms of Reference 1, 2 and 5) Discussion by section ……………………........... 27
3.1 Section A Respondent pharmacist details …………………….............. 28
3.2 Section B Enhanced pharmacy services paid or unpaid …………………………. 33
3.3 Section C Barriers to and facilitators of enhanced pharmacy services ………. 37
3.4 Section D Prescription-related activities ............………………………………..... 39
3.5 Section E Medication review processes 47
3.6 Section F Primary health care, pharmacy and pharmacist-only medicines ……. 51
3.7 Section G Preventive services ……………...........……………………………….... 54
3.8 Section H Harm minimisation or reduction ...........………………………………... 59
3.9 Section I Complementary therapies and herbal medicines …………………….. 63
3.10 Section J Information facilities and programs ....………………………………... 66
3.11 Section K Technologies and health communications ………………………….... 68
3.12 Section L Opinion on the use of technical facilities ………………………….... 72
3.13 Section M Pharmacy and staff …………………………....………………………. 75
4. Pharmacy characteristics, facility/service provision (Term Reference 3) …………….. 83
5. Pharmacy characteristics and barriers (Term of Reference 4) 86
5.1 Barriers to extended services .…….……..…..………………….………. 86
5.2 Facilitators of extended services ………..………………..………………… 88
5.3 Opinions on technical facilities .…………….…………………..………………… 90

6. Glossary and definitions ……………………………..……………..……………………….. 92
7. Technical notes ………………………….…………..……………..………………………… 93
8. References ………………………………………………………………………….. 94
9. Appendices ……………….…………..……………..……………………………… 106


1

Acknowledgements

We are indebted to the 1131 respondent pharmacists, the following for their investment of
experience and expertise, many others for their valued contribution and our partners.

National advisory panel
A.Prof C Alderman Director Pharmacy, Daw Park VA Hospital, SA; delegate of SHPA
Mr R Brennan Registrar Pharmaceutical Council of WA; delegate of COPRA
Mr W Kelly Deputy CEO ; delegate of Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
Mr T Logan Pharmacy Guild of Australia; Chairman and delegate of QCPP
Dr M Ortiz Researcher, RTI Health, N Carolina, USA ; delegate of APMA
Dr P Passmore Research and Community pharmacist, South Perth, WA
Prof K Raymond LaTrobe University, Ballarat; delegate of CHAPANZ
Dr M Tatchell Director Health Economics; delegate of Pharmacy Guild of Australia,

International specialist and research pharmacists
Dr S Anderson School of Tropical Health and Hygiene, London, England
Mrs A Burns American Pharmacists Association, Washington DC, USA
A Prof L MacKeigan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
Prof J McElnay School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, N Ireland
Mrs G Norheim American Pharmacists Association, Washington DC,USA
Dr C A Pedersen College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
Mrs K Roberts Area pharmacy specialist - drug misuse, Glasgow, Scotland
Dr A Ruston Greenwich University, England
A Prof J Sheridan University of Auckland, New Zealand
Dr J.W.F.van Mijl Quality Institute for Pharmaceutical Care, Kampen, The Netherlands


Specialist and other pharmacists in Australia
Prof M Garlepp School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology of W Australia
Mr J Gibson Research and Practicing Pharmacist, Nedlands, W Australia
Mr P Hannan Webstercare, Mortlake, NSW, Australia
Mr A Lloyd Pharmacy Consultant, Melbourne Victoria
Mr R Manning Chief Pharmacist, Tiwi Islands, NT, Australia
Mr P Muhlheisen Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Fitzroy, Victoria
Debbie Rigby Consultant Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Society Australia (Q)
Mr A Saunders Health Communication Network, Melbourne, Victoria
Mr K Sclavos Chairman QCPP 2001, Pharmacy Guild of Australia (Queensland)
Ms H Stark Formerly ACNielsen Consult, Sydney, Australia
Mr G Stevens Webstercare, Mortlake, NSW, Australia

Focus group and pilot test pharmacists
Mr F Grapsas Kardinya Park Shopping Centre Pharmacy, W Australia
Mr G Lowe 7 Day Pharmacy, Leeming Shopping Centre, Leeming, W Australia
Mr D Manuel Amcal Pharmacy, Tuart Hill, W Australia
Mr P Rees Amcal Chemist, Westfield Shopping Centre, Innaloo, W Australia
Mr M Rollings Pharmacity Chemist Supermart , Perth, W Australia
Mr L Souness Guardian Pharmacy, East Victoria Park (medical centre), W Australia

Mrs M Bou-Samra Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Queensland
Mr R Cox Terry White Chemists, Buranda, Queensland
Mrs S Forrester Soul Pattinson, Palmerston, NT
Ms R Guastella Mount Hospital Pharmacy, Perth
Ms S Holzberger School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland
Mr B Horsfall PSA, Victoria
Ms A Hudson Bob Willis Chemist, NSW
Ms J Kagi Boulevard Pharmacy, Mt Newman, W Australia
2
Ms A Legg Riverview Pharmacy, NSW
Mr K O’Connor Wishart Pharmacy, Queensland
Mr B Moffatt Manley, NSW
Mr S McCahon Amcal Chemist, Kalgoorlie, W Australia
Mrs L Rushton Mayne Pharmacy, Blacktown, NSW
Ms H Stark Seaforth Pharmacy, NSW

Others who assisted exceptionally
Mr G Bridge QCPP, Pharmacy Guild of Australia, Barton, ACT Australia
Mr A Daniels Australian Pharmacist, Deakin, ACT, Australia
Mr P Dragovic Danica Graphic Design studio, Bayswater, W Australia
Mrs C D’Costa WPO-Receptionist, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University
Mrs D D’Souza Administrative Co-ordinator, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University
Mr M Eton Australian Journal of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Ms J Gilson RN National Pharmacies, Adelaide, South Australia
Ms V Graham Survey Research Centre, University of Western Australia
Mr B Langham Sign Multimedia, Perth, Western Australia
Dr A Rossouw Survey Research Centre, University of Western Australia

This project was funded by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing as part of
the Third Community Pharmacy Agreement.

The Pharmacy Guild of Australia as managers of the Third Community Pharmacy Agreement
Research and Development Grants (CPA R&D Grants) Program.