Making Windows XP and Office 2000/XP/2003 Multilingual

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• exposé

Making Windows XP and Office 2000/XP/2003 Multilingual Martin Heijdra, March 2004 I What are scripts in the computer world? 1. Usual division: • Four groups: 1. Simple (alphabets: English, Russian: здравствуйте! 2. Double byte (East Asian; many characters; Input Method Editors needed) 日本人的な感 覚として 3. Bi-directional (from Right to Left: Arabic [also connecting] and Hebrew ) ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا 4.

• additional language support
• input locales
• special glyphs for a particular combination
• user locale
• locale setting swedish
• default system language
• code pages
• unicode
• system
• languages

Sujets

• Exposé
• Taïwan
• Microsoft Office
• Microsoft
• Language
• Particular
• Locale
• Unicode
• System
• Setting

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• Publié par: zeyk
• Nombre de lectures: 64
• Langue: English

Extrait

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN


STUDY MATERIAL OF SCIENCE

CLASS :-X


Moderated at ZIET,Chandigarh


















1 PREFACE

In the ACs‘ conference held in July, 2010 at KVS (HQ), New Delhi, issue of Study
Material for Board classes was discussed at length and finally decided to provide it to students.
Various Regional Offices were asked to prepare the study material in different subjects while the
task of its correction and moderation was assigned to various ZIETs of KVS.

KVS, ZIET, Chandigarh received study material in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry,
and Biology &Maths for XII, Maths and Science &Tech. for X class, from various Regional
Offices. The study material was got reviewed and suitably modified by organising workshops of
experienced and competent subject teachers with the co-operation and guidance of
AC,KVS,RO,CHD. Corrected study material was sent to all regional offices for providing it to
students and also uploaded on the Website WWW.zietchandigarh.org.

Subject teachers, both at the preparation and moderation levels have done a remarkable
job by preparing a comprehensive study material of multiple utility .It has been carefully
designed and prepared so as to promote better learning and encourage creativity in students
through their increased self efforts for solving assignments of different difficulty level. But the
teachers and the students must bear in mind that the purpose of the study material is in no way
to replace the text-book, but to make it a complete set by supplementing it with this study
material so that it may provide requisite and adequate material for use in different ways.

The study material can be effectively used in the following ways:

 Practice material to supplement questions given in the textbook.

 Material for Study Camps: The purpose of conducting study camps is to
inculcate study habits amongst students under active supervision of the teachers.
These camps can beorganised within the normal school hours and days. Day wise
target will be ascertained and given to the students and reviewed by the concerned
subject teacher. If the target is not achieved by any student, it will be added to the
next day‘s target.

 Master Cards: The teachers can help students prepare master cards by taking
the important questions/topics/points/concepts /reactions/terms etc from this study
material for the quick revision for the examination.
 Crash Revision Courses: The material can also be used for preparing handouts
for conducting Crash Revision Courses under the supervised guidance of the
teachers just before or in the gaps between papers during examination.

Effectiveness of the study material will ultimately depend upon its regular and judicious
use for the above listed purposes both by teachers and students. While attempting the source
material, it would be quite useful to mark every time a question done successfully with a tick out
(  ) and a question not done successfully with a dot (• ). It can be later used as a source of
feedback for error analysis and for effective subsequent revisions/remedial work etc. I am sure
that this well prepared study material if used sincerely and judiciously will surely bring cheers to
all sections of students.
2
I, also, take this opportunity to extend my most sincere gratitude to our
Hon‘ble, Commissioner KVS (HQ), New Delhi, and other higher authorities of KVS
for providing this opportunity for making some useful contribution to the study material.

I also extend my thanks to all the Assistant Commissioners of various Regions for their
in-valuable contribution in preparation of the Study Material in various subjects.

Above all, sincere and dedicated efforts of the subject teachers in preparation of this
study material deserve full appreciation. Teacher‘s observations, suggestions and critical analysis
for further improvement of the study material mailed to ‗kvszietchd‘ @gmail.com, will be highly
appreciated.

With best wishes to all users of this STUDY MATERIAL.



(HAR GOPAL)
Director
KVS ZIET Chd.

3





INDEX


S . CHAPTER NO NAME OF CHAPTER PAGE NO
NO
1 4 CARBON AND ITS 5-10
COMPOUNDS

2 5 PERIODIC 10-13
CLASSIFICATION OF
ELEMENTS
3 8: HOW DO ORGANISMS 14-24
REPRODUCE
4 9 HEREDITY AND 24-26
EVOLUTION
5 10 Reflection and Refraction 26-33
6 11 HUMAN EYE AND THE 34-39
COLOURFUL WORLD
7 15 OUR ENVIRONMMENT 39-45
8 16: MANAGEMENT OF 46-47
NATURAL RESOURSES
4 CHAPTER – 4
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

CONCEPTS DEGR REF. COMMON ERRORS
EE OF NCERT
IMP. TEXT
BOOK.:
PAGE NOs
Bonding in carbon ** Page 58-59 Difference in different bonds
Covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons
Versatile nature of carbon ** Page 62 Formation of compounds
Catenation
Tetra valency
Molecular, structural and electron dot formula *** Page 63 Construction of structures
Functional groups **** Page 64-66 Arrangement of atoms
Isomerism and nomenclature of functional *** Page 65-68 Structure of isomers
groups
Addition and substitution reactions *** Page 71 Difference in the two
Cleansing action of soap *** Page 77 Parts of soap molecule
Micelles formation ** Page 75 Mechanism of cleaning

KEY CONCEPTS
1. Versatile nature of carbon
(a) Catenation – Carbon has ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms.
This property is called catenation.
(b) Tetravalency – Carbon is capable of combining with four other atoms of
carbon or atoms of other monovalent elements.
2. Allotropes of carbon – Three allotropes of carbon are –
(a) Graphite – Each carbon atom is bonded with three other carbon atoms in
the same plane giving a hexagonal structure.
(b) Diamond – In Diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon
atoms forming a three dimensional structure.
(c) Fullerenes – Fullerenes form another class of carbon allotropes. C-60 was
the first fullerene to be identified.
3. Saturated carbon compounds (Single Covalent bond)
4. Unsaturated carbon compounds (Double and triple covalent bond)
5. Some functional groups
a) Halo – (Chloro / bromo)
b) Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carbonxylic acid
6. Some important carbon compounds –
(a) Ethanol
(b) Ethanoic acid
7. Soaps and detergents






5 SET - 1
VERY SHORT ANSWERS (1MARKS)

Q.2 The formula of a hydrocarbon is C H . Name the n 2n
Q.1 Why is carbon tetravalent? family to which it belongs and also predicts its nature.
Q.3 What is the valency of carbon in CH -CH , Q.4 Out of butter and ground nut oil , which is 3 3
CH =CH and HC=CH? unsaturated in Nature? 2 2
Q.6 Name a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon, containing
Q.5 Why is high temperature not favourable for three double bounds ?
alcoholic fermentation ?
Q.7 What is the difference in the molecular mass Q.8 Which has triple bond ; C H ,C H and C H ? 2 4 3 6 3 4
of any two adjacent homologues ?
Q.10 Which ions are responsible for making water hard ?
Q.9 Which substance is added for the denaturation
of ethyl alcohol?
Q.11 Name the catalyst commonly in Q.12 Write the name and molecular formula of alcohol
hydrogenation of oil to form derived from butane ?
fats?
Q.13 Which gas is evolved when sodium Q.14 What is SCUM ?
carbonate or bicarbonate is added to ethanoic acid?

Q.15 What are hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
in soaps?
Q 16. MATCH THE FOLLOWING : Q 17. True or False
Direction : Match the functional group with State whether the following statement are True or
their formulae and examples. False
Column I Column II Column III 1. Any number of atoms can be linked by Covalent
bond _____
2. The Central atom in a covalent molecules has 1. Alcohol (a) ---C--- (i) Propanal
always 8 electron after sharing ______ ǀǀ
3. Covalent compound are usually water O
soluble______ 2. Aldehyde (b) ---C--- (ii)
4. Covalent compound has generally low melting OH Propanone
and boiling points ______ ǀǀ
5. Diamond is good conductor of electricity 3. Ketone O
______ (c) ---C---H (iii)
6. Each family is characterised by functional group ǀǀ Propanol
which is an atom or group of atoms 4. Carboxylic O
7. Ehanoic acid and ethanol can be distinguish by Acid (d) -- OH
litmus test as well as by sodium bicarbonate (iv)
test______ Propanoic
8. Soaps are water soluble while detergents are acid

water in soluble______

SHORT ANSWERS TYPE (2 MARKS)

Q.1 What name is given to the reaction Q.2 What is bromination ? Write the
which takes place when Ethanoic acid structural formula of product obtain on
reacts with ethanol in the presence of brominat