A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive

John Stuart Mill

Informations

• Publié par: islu
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 30
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

The Project Gutenberg EBook of A System Of Logic,
Ratiocinative And Inductive by John Stuart Mill
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost
and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy
it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
http://www.gutenberg.org/license
Title: A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive
Author: John Stuart Mill
Release Date: January 31, 2009 [Ebook 27942]
Language: English
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A
SYSTEM OF LOGIC, RATIOCINATIVE AND
INDUCTIVE***A SYSTEM OF LOGIC,
RATIOCINATIVE AND
INDUCTIVE,
BEING A CONNECTED VIEW OF THE
PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE,
AND THE
METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.
by
JOHN STUART MILL.
Eighth Edition.
New York:
Harper & Brothers, Publishers,
Franklin Square.
1882.Contents
Preface To The First Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 To The Third And Fourth Editions. . . . . . . . . 6
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Book I. Of Names And Propositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter I. Of The Necessity Of Commencing With An
Analysis Of Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter II. Of Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 III. Of The Things Denoted By Names. . . . . 57
Chapter IV. Of Propositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 V. Of The Import Of Propositions. . . . . . . 107
Chapter VI. Of Propositions Merely Verbal. . . . . . . 134 VII. Of The Nature Of Classification, And
The Five Predicables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Chapter VIII. Of Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Book II. On Reasoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Chapter I. Of Inference, Or Reasoning, In General. . . 193 II. Of Ratiocination, Or Syllogism. . . . . . . 202
Chapter III. Of The Functions And Logical Value Of
The Syllogism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Chapter IV. Of Trains Of Reasoning, And Deductive
Sciences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter V. Of Demonstration, And Necessary Truths. . 278 VI. The Same Subject Continued. . . . . . . . 309
Chapter VII. Examination Of Some Opinions Opposed
To The Preceding Doctrines. . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Book III. Of Induction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Chapter I. Preliminary Observations On Induction In
General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Chapter II. Of Inductions Improperly So Called. . . . . 354iv A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive
Chapter III. Of The Ground Of Induction. . . . . . . . 376 IV. Of Laws Of Nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Chapter V. Of The Law Of Universal Causation. . . . . 396 VI. On The Composition Of Causes. . . . . . 457
Chapter VII. On Observation And Experiment. . . . . 467 VIII. Of The Four Methods Of Experimental
Inquiry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Chapter IX. Miscellaneous Examples Of The Four
Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Chapter X. Of Plurality Of Causes, And Of The Inter-
mixture Of Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Chapter XI. Of The Deductive Method. . . . . . . . . 562 XII. Of The Explanation Of Laws Of Nature. . 574
Chapter XIII. Miscellaneous Examples Of The Expla-
nation Of Laws Of Nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Chapter XIV. Of The Limits To The Explanation Of
Laws Of Nature; And Of Hypotheses. . . . . . . 598
Chapter XV. Of Progressive Effects; And Of The
Continued Action Of Causes. . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Chapter XVI. Of Empirical Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . 635 XVII. Of Chance And Its Elimination. . . . . 646
Chapter XVIII. Of The Calculation Of Chances. . . . . 658 XIX. Of The Extension Of Derivative Laws
To Adjacent Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Chapter XX. Of Analogy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 XXI. Of The Evidence Of The Law Of Uni-
versal Causation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Chapter XXII. Of Uniformities Of Co-Existence Not
Dependent On Causation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724
Chapter XXIV. Of The Remaining Laws Of Nature. . . 740 XXV. Of The Grounds Of Disbelief. . . . . . 763
Book IV. Of Operations Subsidiary To Induction. . . . . . 783
Chapter I. Of Observation And Description. . . . . . . 784v
Chapter II. Of Abstraction, Or The Formation Of
Conceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Chapter III. Of Naming, As Subsidiary To Induction. . 810 IV. Of The Requisites Of A Philosophical
Language, And The Principles Of Definition. . . 815
Chapter V. On The Natural History Of The Variations
In The Meaning Of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
Chapter VI. The Principles Of A Philosophical Lan-
guage Further Considered. . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
Chapter VII. Of Classification, As Subsidiary To In-
duction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
Chapter VIII. Of Classification By Series. . . . . . . . 887
Book V. On Fallacies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Chapter I. Of Fallacies In General. . . . . . . . . . . . 895 II. Classification Of Fallacies. . . . . . . . . . 901
Chapter III. Fallacies Of Simple Inspection; Or A
Priori Fallacies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
Chapter IV. Fallacies Of Observation. . . . . . . . . . 941 V. Of Generalization. . . . . . . . . 956
Chapter VI. Fallacies Of Ratiocination. . . . . . . . . . 978 VII. Of Confusion. . . . . . . . . . . 985
Book VI. On The Logic Of The Moral Sciences. . . . . . . 1013
Chapter I. Introductory Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 II. Of Liberty And Necessity. . . . . . . . . . 1017
Chapter III. That There Is, Or May Be, A Science Of
Human Nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
Chapter IV. Of The Laws Of Mind. . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 V. Of Ethology, Or The Science Of The
Formation Of Character. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044
Chapter VI. General Considerations On The Social
Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061
Chapter VII. Of The Chemical, Or Experimental,
Method In The Social Science. . . . . . . . . . . 1065
Chapter VIII. Of The Geometrical, Or Abstract, Method.1075vi A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive
Chapter IX. Of The Physical, Or Concrete Deductive,
Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085
Chapter X. Of The Inverse Deductive, Or Historical,
Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
Chapter XI. Additional Elucidations Of The Science
Of History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129
Chapter XII. Of The Logic Of Practice, Or Art; In-
cluding Morality And Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . 1145
Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157[003]Preface To The First Edition.
This book makes no pretense of giving to the world a new
theory of the intellectual operations. Its claim to attention, if
it possess any, is grounded on the fact that it is an attempt,
not to supersede, but to embody and systematize, the best ideas
which have been either promulgated on its subject by speculative
writers, or conformed to by accurate thinkers in their scientific
inquiries.
To cement together the detached fragments of a subject,
never yet treated as a whole; to harmonize the true portions of
discordant theories, by supplying the links of thought necessary
to connect them, and by disentangling them from the errors with
which they are always more or less interwoven, must necessarily
require a considerable amount of original speculation. To other
originality than this, the present work lays no claim. In the
existing state of the cultivation of the sciences, there would be
a very strong presumption against any one who should imagine
that he had effected a revolution in the theory of the investigation
of truth, or added any fundamentally new process to the practice
of it. The improvement which remains to be effected in the
methods of philosophizing (and the author believes that they
have much need of improvement) can only consist in performing
more systematically and accurately operations with which, at
least in their elementary form, the human intellect, in some one
or other of its employments, is already familiar.
In the portion of the work which treats of Ratiocination,
the author has not deemed it necessary to enter into technical
details which may be obtained in so perfect a shape from the
existing treatises on what is termed the Logic of the Schools. In
the contempt entertained by many modern philosophers for thePreface To The First Edition. 3
syllogistic art, it will be seen that he by no means participates;
though the scientific theory on which its defense is usually rested
appears to him erroneous: and the view which he has suggested
of the nature and functions of the Syllogism may, perhaps, afford
the means of conciliating the principles of the art with as much as
is well grounded in the doctrines and objections of its assailants.
The same abstinence from details could not be observed in the
First Book, on Names and Propositions; because many useful
principles and distinctions which were contained in the old [004]
Logic have been gradually omitted from the writings of its later
teachers; and it appeared desirable both to revive the