Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 - Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American - Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, - 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, - pages 519-744

Jesse Walter Fewkes

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895, by Jesse Walter FewkesThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.orgTitle: Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of AmericanEthnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898,pages 519-744Author: Jesse Walter FewkesRelease Date: December 3, 2007 [EBook #23691]Language: English*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA ***Produced by PM for Bureau of American Ethnology, CarloTraverso, Diane Monico, and the Online DistributedProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file wasproduced from images generously made available by theBibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) athttp://gallica.bnf.fr)ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895BYJESSE WALTER FEWKESCONTENTS PageIntroductory note 527Plan of the expedition 529Ruins in Verde valley 536Classification of the ruins 536Cavate dwellings 537Montezuma Well 546Cliff houses of the Red-rocks 548Ruins near Schürmann's ranch 550Palatki 553Honanki 558Objects found at Palatki and Honanki 569Conclusions regarding the Verde valley ruins 573Ruins in Tusayan 577General features 577The Middle ...

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• Publié par: phawyag
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 54
• Langue: English

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895, by Jesse Walter Fewkes

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

Title: Archeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1896, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 519-744

Author: Jesse Walter Fewkes

Release Date: December 3, 2007 [EBook #23691]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA ***

Produced by PM for Bureau of American Ethnology, Carlo Traverso, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr)

ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895

BY

JESSE WALTER FEWKES

CONTENTS

Introductory note Plan of the expedition Ruins in Verde valley Classification of the ruins Cavate dwellings Montezuma Well Cliff houses of the Red-rocks Ruins near Schürmann's ranch Palatki Honanki Objects found at Palatki and Honanki Conclusions regarding the Verde valley ruins Ruins in Tusayan General features The Middle Mesa ruins Shuñopovi Mishoñinovi Chukubi Payüpki The East Mesa ruins Küchaptüvela and Kisakobi Küküchomo Kachinba Tukinobi Jeditoh valley ruins Awatobi Characteristics of the ruin Nomenclature of Awatobi Historical knowledge of Awatobi Legend of the destruction of Awatobi Evidences of fire in the destruction The ruins of the mission The kivas of Awatobi Old Awatobi Rooms of the western mound Smaller Awatobi Mortuary remains Shrines Pottery Stone implements Bone objects Miscellaneous objects Ornaments in the form of birds and shells Clay bell Textile fabrics Prayer-sticks—Pigments Objects showing Spanish influence The ruins of Sikyatki Traditional knowledge of the pueblo Nomenclature Former inhabitants of Sikyatki General features The acropolis

Page 527 529 536 536 537 546 548 550 553 558 569 573 577 577 582 582 582 583 583 585 585 586 589 589 589 592 592 594 595 603 606 606 611 614 614 617 617 619 621 625 627 628 628 628 629 630 631 631 631 636 636 637 643

Modern gardens646 The cemeteries646 Pottery650 Characteristics—Mortuary pottery650 Coiled and indented ware651 Smooth undecorated ware652 Polished decorated ware652 Paleography of the pottery657 General features657 Human figures660 The human hand666 Quadrupeds668 Reptiles671 Tadpoles677 Butterflies or moths678 Dragon-flies680 Birds682 Vegetal designs698 The sun699 Geometric figures701 Interpretation of the figures701 Crosses702 Terraced figures703 The crook703 The germinative symbol704 Broken lines704 Decorations on the exterior of food bowls705 Pigments728 Stone objects729 Obsidian732 Necklaces, gorgets, and other ornaments733 Tobacco pipes733 Prayer-sticks736 Marine shells and other objects739 Perishable contents of mortuary food bowls741 FOOTNOTES APPENDIX743 INDEX745

ILLUSTRATIONS

 Page PLATEXCIa . Cavate dwellings—Rio Verde 537 XCIb 539. Cavate dwellings—Oak creek XCII. Entrances to cavate ruins 541 XCIII. Bowlder with pictographs near Wood's ranch 545 XCIV. Montezuma Well 547 XCV549. Cliff house, Montezuma Well XCVI551. Ruin on the brink of Montezuma Well XCVII. Pictographs near Cliff ranch, Verde valley 553 XCVIII555. The Red-rocks; Temple canyon XCIX557. Palatki (Ruin I) C. Palatki (Ruin I) 559 CI561. Front wall of Palatki (Ruin II) CIIHonanki (Ruin II) 563 CIII. Walls of Honanki 565 CIV. Approach to main part of Honanki 567 CV. Map of the ruins of Tusayan 583 CVI587. The ruins of Küküchomo CVII603. Ground plan of Awatobi CVIII607. Ruins of San Bernardino de Awatobi CIX. Excavations in the western mound of Awatobi 615 CX. Excavated room in the western mound of Awatobi 617 CXI618. Vase and mugs from the western mounds of Awatobi CXII. Paint pots, vase, and dipper from Awatobi 620 CXIII. Pottery from intramural burial at Awatobi 622 CXIV626. Bone implements from Awatobi and Sikyatki CXV637. Sikyatki mounds from the Kanelba trail CXVI639. Ground plan of Sikyatki CXVII643. Excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki CXVIII. Plan of excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki 644 CXIX. Coiled and indented pottery from Sikyatki 650 CXX652. Saucers and slipper bowls from Sikyatki CXXI654. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki CXXII. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 654 CXXIII657. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki CXXIV660. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki CXXV. Flat dippers and medicine box from Sikyatki 662 CXXVI. Double-lobe vases from Sikyatki 664 CXXVII666. Unusual forms of vases from Sikyatki CXXVIII668. Medicine box and pigment pots from Sikyatki CXXIX. Designs on food bowls from Sikyatki 670 CXXX672. Food bowls with figures of quadrupeds from Sikyatki CXXXI674. Ornamented ladles from Sikyatki CXXXII. Food bowls with figures of reptiles from Sikyatki 676 CXXXIII. Bowls and dippers with figures of tadpoles, birds, etc., from Sikyatki 676 CXXXIV. Food bowls with figures of sun, butterfly, and flower, from Sikyatki 676 CXXXV. Vases with figures of butterflies from Sikyatki 678 CXXXVI678. Vases with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CXXXVII680. Vessels with figures of human hand, birds, turtle, etc., from Sikyatki CXXXVIII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 682 CXXXIX. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 684 CXL. Figures of birds from Sikyatki 686 CXLI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 688 CXLII. Vases, bowls, and ladle with figures of feathers from Sikyatki 688

CXLIII. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki CXLIV. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki CXLV. Vases with figures of birds from Sikyatki CXLVI. Bowls and potsherd with figures of birds from Sikyatki CXLVII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki CXLVIII. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki CXLIX. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki CL. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLI. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLII. Food bowls with bird, feather, and flower symbols from Sikyatki CLIII. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLIV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLVI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLVII. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki CLVIII. Food bowls with figures of sun and related symbols from Sikyatki CLIX. Cross and related designs from Sikyatki CLX. Cross and other symbols from Sikyatki CLXI. Star, sun, and related symbols from Sikyatki CLXII. Geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki CLXIII. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki CLXIV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki CLXV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki CLXVI. Linear figures on food bowls from Sikyatki CLXVII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi CLXVIII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi CLXIX. Arrowshaft smoothers, selenite, and symbolic corn from Sikyatki CLXX. Corn grinder from Sikyatki CLXXI. Stone implements from Palatki, Awatobi, and Sikyatki CLXXII. Paint grinder, fetish, lignite, and kaolin disks from Sikyatki CLXXIII. Pipes, bell, clay birds, and shells from Awatobi and Sikyatki CLXXIV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki CLXXV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki FIGURE245. Plan of cavate dwelling on Rio Verde 246. Casa Montezuma on Beaver creek 247. Ground plan of Palatki (Ruins I and II) 248. Ground plan of Honanki 249. The main ruin of Honanki 250. Structure of wall of Honanki 251. Stone implement from Honanki 252. Tinder tube from Honanki 253. Küküchomo 254. Defensive wall on the East Mesa 255. Ground plan of San Bernardino de Awatobi 256. Structure of house wall of Awatobi 257. Alosaka shrine at Awatobi 258. Shrine at Awatobi 259. Shrine at Awatobi 260. Shrine at Awatobi 261. Clay bell from Awatobi 262. The acropolis of Sikyatki 263. War god shooting an animal (fragment of food bowl) 264. Mountain sheep 265. Mountain lion 266. Plumed serpent 267. Unknown reptile

690 690 690 692 692 694 694 696 696 698 698 700 700 700 702 702 704 704 704 706 708 710 714 718 722 726 728 730 732 734 736 738 738

540 552 554 559 562 564 571 572 587 588 608 615 620 621 621 621 629 644 665 669 670 672 674

268. Unknown reptile 269. Unknown reptile 270. Outline of plate cxxxv, b 271. Butterfly design on upper surface of plate cxxxv, b 272. Man-eagle 273. Pendent feather ornaments on a vase 274. Upper surface of vase with bird decoration 275. Kwataka eating an animal 276. Decoration on the bottom of plate cxlvi, f 277. Oblique parallel line decoration 278. Parallel lines fused at one point 279. Parallel lines with zigzag arrangement 280. Parallel lines connected by middle bar 281. Parallel lines of different width; serrate margin 282. Parallel lines of different width; median serrate 283. Parallel lines of different width; marginal serrate 284. Parallel lines and triangles 285. Line with alternate triangles 286. Single line with alternate spurs 287. Single line with hourglass figures 288. Single line with triangles 289. Single line with alternate triangles and ovals 290. Triangles and quadrilaterals 291. Triangle with spurs 292. Rectangle with single line 293. Double triangle; multiple lines 294. Double triangle; terraced edges 295. Single line; closed fret 296. Single line; open fret 297. Single line; broken fret 298. Single line; parts displaced 299. Open fret; attachment displaced 300. Simple rectangular design 301. Rectangular S-form 302. Rectangular S-form with crooks 303. Rectangular S-form with triangles 304. Rectangular S-form with terraced triangles 305. S-form with interdigitating spurs 306. Square with rectangles and parallel lines 307. Rectangles, triangles, stars, and feathers 308. Crook, feathers, and parallel lines 309. Crooks and feathers 310. Rectangle, triangles, and feathers 311. Terraced crook, triangle, and feathers 312. Double key 313. Triangular terrace 314. Crook, serrate end 315. Key pattern; rectangle and triangles 316. Rectangle and crook 317. Crook and tail-feathers 318. Rectangle, triangle, and serrate spurs 319. W-pattern; terminal crooks 320. W-pattern; terminal rectangles 321. W-pattern; terminal terraces and crooks 322. W-pattern; terminal spurs 323. W-pattern; bird form 324. W-pattern; median triangle

675 676 678 679 683 690 691 692 694 706 706 706 707 707 707 707 708 708 708 708 709 709 709 709 709 710 710 710 711 711 711 711 711 712 712 712 712 713 713 713 713 714 714 714 715 715 715 716 716 716 717 717 717 718 718 719 719

325. Double triangle; two breath feathers 326. Double triangle; median trapezoid 327. Double triangle; median rectangle 328. Double compound triangle; median rectangle 329. Double triangle; median triangle 330. Double compound triangle 331. Double rectangle; median rectangle 332. Double rectangle; median triangle 333. Double triangle with crooks 334. W-shape figure; single line with feathers 335. Compound rectangles, triangles, and feathers 336. Double triangle 337. Double triangle and feathers 338. Twin triangles 339. Triangle with terraced appendages 340. Mosaic pattern 341. Rectangles, stars, crooks, and parallel lines 342. Continuous crooks 343. Rectangular terrace pattern 344. Terrace pattern with parallel lines 345. Terrace pattern 346. Triangular pattern with feathers 347. S-pattern 348. Triangular and terrace figures 349. Crook, terrace, and parallel lines 350. Triangles, squares, and terraces 351. Bifurcated rectangular design 352. Lines of life and triangles 353. Infolded triangles 354. Human hand 355. Animal paw, limb, and triangle 356. Kaolin disk 357. Mortuary prayer-stick

720 720 720 720 721 721 721 721 722 722 722 722 723 723 723 723 724 724 724 725 725 725 726 726 726 726 727 727 727 728 728 729 736

ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 By Jesse Walter Fewkes

INTRODUCTORY NOTE About the close of May, 1895, I was invited to make a collection of objects for the National Museum, illustrating the archeology of the Southwest, especially that phase of pueblo life pertaining to the so-called cliff houses. I was specially urged to make as large a collection as possible, and the choice of locality was generously left to my discretion. Leaving Washington on the 25th of May, I obtained a collection and returned with it to that city on the 15th of September, having spent three months in the field. The material brought back by the expedition was catalogued under 966 entries, numbering somewhat over a thousand specimens. The majority of these objects are fine examples of mortuary pottery of excellent character, fully 500 of which are decorated. I was particularly fortunate in my scientific collaborators. Mr F. W. Hodge, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, joined me at Sikyatki, and remained with the expedition until it disbanded, at the close of August. Much of my success in the work at that ruin was due to his advice and aid. He was constantly at the excavations, and the majority of the beautiful specimens were taken out of the graves by him. It is with the greatest pleasure that I am permitted to express my appreciation of his assistance in my archeological investigations at Sikyatki. Mr G. P. Winship, now librarian of the John Carter Brown Library at Providence, visited our camp at the ruin mentioned, and remained with us a few weeks, rendering important aid and adding an enthusiastic student to our number. Mr James S. Judd was a volunteer assistant while we were at Sikyatki, aiding me in many ways, especially in the management of our camp. I need only to refer to the beautiful drawings which accompany this memoir to show how much I am indebted to Mrs Hodge for faithful colored figures of the remarkable pottery uncovered from the Tusayan sands. My party included Mr S. Goddard, of Prescott, Arizona, who served as cook and driver, and Mr Erwin Baer, of the same city, as photographer. The manual work at the ruins was done by a number of young Indians from the East Mesa, who very properly were employed on the Moki reservation. An all too prevalent and often unjust criticism that Indians will not work if paid for their labor, was not voiced by any of our party. They gave many a weary hour's labor in the hot sun, in their enthusiasm to make the collection as large as possible. On my return to Washington I was invited to prepare a preliminary account of my work in the field, which the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution did me the honor to publish in his report for 1895. This report was of a very general character, and from necessity limited in pages; consequently it presented only the more salient features of my explorations.

The following account was prepared as a more exhaustive discussion of the results of my summer's work. The memoir is much more extended than I had expected to make it when I accepted the invitation to collect archeological objects for the Museum, and betrays, I fear, imperfections due to the limited time spent in the field. The main object of the expedition was a collection of specimens, the majority of which, now on exhibition in the National Museum, tell their own story regarding its success.

I am under deep obligations to the officers of the Smithsonian Institution, the National Museum, and the Bureau of American Ethnology for many kindnesses, and wish especially to express my thanks to Mr S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for the opportunity to study the ancient ruins of Tusayan. Nothing had a greater influence on my final decision to abandon other congenial work and undertake this, than my profound respect for the late Dr G. Brown Goode, who suggested the expedition to me and urged me to plan and undertake it.

Washington, May, 1897.

Jesse Walter Fewkes.