The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hindu Literature, by Epiphanius Wilson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Hindu Literature Author: Epiphanius Wilson Release Date: August 24, 2004 [EBook #13268] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HINDU LITERATURE *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. HINDU LITERATURE COMPRISING THE BOOK OF GOOD COUNSELS, NALA AND DAMAYANTI, THE RÁMÁYANA AND ŚAKOONTALÁ WITH CRITICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES BY EPIPHANIUS WILSON, A.M. REVISED EDITION NEW YORK P..FCOLLIER&SON 1900 THE COLONIAL PRESS CONTENTS THE BOOK OF GOOD COUNSELS Translator's Preface Introduciton THE WINNING OF FRIENDS TheStoryotfheJackal,Dee,randCrow TheStoryotfheVutlure,theCa,tandtheBrids The Story of the Dead Game and the Jackal ThePrinceandtheWifeotfheMerchant'sSon The Story of the Old Jackal and the Elephant THE PARTING OF FRIENDS TheStoryoftheLion,theJackasl,andtheBull The Story of the Monkey and the Wedge TheStoryotfheWasherman'sJackass The Story of the Cat who Served the Lion TheStoryotfheTeirrbleBell TheStoryotfhePirnceandtheProcuress The Story of the Black Snake and the Golden Chain TheStoryotfheLionandtheOldHare The Story of the Wagtail and the Sea WAR The Battle of the Swans and Peacocks TheStoryoftheWeaver-BridsandtheMonkeys The Story of the Old Hare and the Elephants The Story of the Heron and the Crow The Story of the Appeased Wheelwright The Story of the Dyed Jackal The Story of the Faithful Rajpoot PEACE The Treaty Between the Peacocks and the Swans TheStoryoftheTotroiseandtheGeese The Story of Fate and the Three Fishes TheStoryoftheUnabashedWfie The Story of the Herons and the Mongoose The Story of the Recluse and the Mouse The Story of the Crane and the Crab The Story of the Brahman and the Pans The Duel of the Giants The Story of the Brahman and the Goat The Story of the Camel, the Lion, and His Court The Story of the Frogs and the Old Serpent NALA AND DAMAYANTI nItroduciton NALAANDDAMAYANT.I— Pa tr I Pa tr II SELECTIONS FROM THE RÁMÁYANA nIrtoduciton Invocation BOOK.I— CANTO I.—Nárad [IosntCaI.II,I.a,.VI,ra.Vdnitteeomd] VI —The King . VI.I—TheMiinsters VIII.—Sumantra'sSpeech IX.—Rishyaśirng X.—RishyaśringInvtied X.I—TheSacriifceDecreed XI.I—TheSacrificeBegun XIII.—TheSacrfiiceFiinshed XIV.—Rávan Doomed XV.—The Nectar XV.I—TheVánars XVII.—Rishyaśring's Return XVIII.—Rishyaśring'sDepatrure XIX.—TheBitrhofthePirnces XX.—Viśvámitra'sVisti XX.I—Viśvámtira'sSpeech XXII.—Daśaratha'sSpeech XXIII.—Vaśishtha's Speech XXIV.—TheSpelsl XXV—TheHermtiageofLove . XXVI.—The Forest of Tádaká XXV.II—TheBirthofTádaká XXV.III—TheDeathofTádaká XXIX.—The Celestial Arms XXX.—The Mysterious Powers XXXI.—ThePefrectHermitage XXXII.—Viśvámrtia'sSacrfiice XXXIII.—TheSone XXXIV.—Brahmadatta XXXV.—Viśvámitra's Lineage XXXV.I—TheBrithofGangá [etdomitareII.XXVIa.IXdnXsoIVXXntCa] XXXIX.—The Son of Sagar XL.—TheCleaivngoftheEarth XL.I—Kapil XLII.—Sagar'sSacrifice XLI.II—Bhagírath ŚAKOONTALÁ nItroduciton Dramatis Personae RluesforPronunciaitonofProperNames Prologue ActFrist Act Second PreludetoActTihrd ActThrid PreludetoActFoutrh ActFoutrh ActFfith PreludetoActSitxh ActSitxh Act Seventh POEMS BY TORU DUTT Introduction BALLADS OF HINDOSTAN — . Jogadhya Uma Buttoo Sindhu.— Pa tr I PartII Pa tr II I MISCELLANEOUS POEMS.— NearHasitngs France TheTreeofLfie Madame Thérèse Sonnet Sonnet Our Casuarina-Tree THE BOOK OF GOOD COUNSELS SELECTED FROM THE HITOPADEŚA [rnAindwdoltircsnaEriSybdfrlateheSomtarsnT] TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE Astory-bookfromtheSanscrtiatleastpossessestheminormeritofnovetl.yThe"perfectlanguage"has beenhtihertoregardedastheproivnceofscholars,andfewoftheseevenhavefounditmeortastetosearch tisrteasures.AndyetamongthemisthekeytotheheartofmodernnIdia—aswellasthesplendidrecordof herancientGodsandglories.ThehopeofHindostanilesintheintelligentinterestofEngland.Whatever avalistodissipatemisconceptionsbetweenthem,andtoelnargetheiirntimacy,isagaintobothpeoples; andtothisendthepresentvolumeaspriesi,nanhumbledegree,tocontirbute. The"Hitopadeśa"isaworkofihghantiqiuty,andetxendedpopluartiy.Theproseisdoubltessasoldasour ownera;buttheintercalatedversesandproverbscomposeaselecitonfromwritingsofanageexrtemely remote.The"Mahabharata"andthetextualVedsareofthosequoted;totheifrstofwhichProfessorM. Wliilams(inhisadmriableediitonofthe"Nala",1860)assignsadateof350B.C.,wihleheclaimsforthe "Rig-Veda"anantiqiutyashighasB.C.1300.The"Htiopadeśa"maythusbefailrystlyed"TheFatherofall Fables";forrfomtisnumeroustranslationshavecomeÆsopandPilpa,yandinlaterdaysReinekeFuchs. OirginallycompiledinSanscrit,tiwasrendered,byorderofNusihraván,inthesixthcentury,A.D.,intoPersic. FromthePersictipassed,A.D.850,intotheArabic,andthenceintoHebrewandGreek.Intisownlandit obtainedaswideacriculaiton.TheEmperorAcba,rimpressedwiththewisdomoftismaixmsandthe ingeniutyoftisapologues,commendedtheworkoftranslaitngtitoihsownVizir,AbdulFaze.lThatmiinster accordinglyputthebookintoafamiliarstyle,andpublisheditwithexplanaitons,underthettileofthe "CrtieironofWisdom".TheEmperorhadaslosuggestedtheabridgmentofthelongseiresofslhokeswhich hereandthereinterruptthenarrative,andtheVizirfoundtihsadivcesound,andfollowedit,ilkethepresent Translato.rTotihsda,yinIndiat,he"Htiopadeśa,"underothernames(asthe"AnváriSuhail["i1,)]retains the deilghtedattentionofyoungandold,andhassomerepresentaitveinalltheIndianvernacluars.Aworksowell esteemedintheEastcannotbeunweclometoWesternreaders,whoreceiveithere,acondensedbutfatihflu rtanscriptofsenseandmanner. AsoftenasanOrientalallusion,oranameinHindoomytholog,yseemedtoasksomeexplanationforthe Engilshreade,rnoteshavebeenappended,beairngreferencetothepage.Inthericompliation,and generalyl,acknowledgmentisduetoProfessorJohnso'nsexcellentversionandediitonoftheHitopadeśa", " andtoMr.Muir's"SanscirtTetxs." AresidenceinnIdia,andcloseintercoursewiththeHindoos,havegiventheauthorailvelydesiretosubserve theriadvancemen.tNooneilstensnowtothepreciptiateignorancewihchwoludsetasideas"heatheinsh" theihghciivilzaitonoftihsgreatrace;butjusticeisnotyetdonetotheirpastdevelopmentandpresent capactiies.Ifthewti,themoratil,yandthephilosophyofthese"beastsofIndia"(sofatihflluyrenderedbyM.r HarirsonWei)rsurpriseanyvigorousmindintofurtherexplorationofhelriterature,anddeepersenseofour responsibilityinhergovernmentt,heauthorwillberepaid. EDWIN ARNOLD. THE BOOK OF GOOD COUNSELS INTRODUCTION Honor to Gunesh, God of Wisdom ThisbookofCounselread,andyoushallsee, FarispeechandSanscirltore,andPolic.y OnthebanksotfhehoirylverGangestherestoodacitynamedPatailpurta.TheKingoftiwasagoodKing andavirtuous,andihsnamewasSudarsana.tIchancedonedatyhatheoverheardacertainpersonrectiing these verses— "Wisemen,holdingwisdomhighest,scorndelights,asfasleasfari, DailylivetheyasDeat'hsifngerstwinedalreadyintherihai.r Trlu,yircherthanallirches,bettetrhanthebestofgain, Wisdomis,unbough,tsecure—oncewon,nonelosethheragain. Birngingdarkthingsintodailyght,solvingdoubtsthatvexthemind, LikeanopeneyeisWisdom—hethathathhernotisbilnd". HeairngthesetheKingbecamedisquieted,knowingthathisownsonsweregaiinngnowisdom,norreading theSacredWiritngs[,2]ehtnorwgnionihndreewagay;ihsevsreptadetself—etohimerggethaltobut"Childlessatrthou?deadthyclihdren?leavingtheetowantanddool? Lessthymisertyhanihsis,whoisfathertoafoo.l" And again this— "Onewisesonmakesgladhisfather,fortyfooslavaliihmno:t— Onemoonsvliersallthatdarknesswhichthesliylstarsdiddo".t "Andithasbeensaid,"relfectedhe— "Easeandhealth,obeisantchlidren,wisdom,andafari-voicedwife— Thus,greatKing!arecounteduptheifvefelicitiesoflife. Forthesonthesireishonored;thoughthebow-canebendethrtue, Letthesrtainedsrtingcrackinusing,andwhatserivceshalltido?" "Nevetrheless,"musedtheKing,"Iknowitisurgedthathumaneffotrsareuseless:as,forinstance— "Thatwhichwillnotbe,willnotbe—andwhatistobe,wlilbe:— Whynotdrinkthiseasyphysic,anitdoteofmisery?" "Butthenthatcomesrfomidleness,wtihpeoplewhowlilnotdowhattheysholuddo.Rathe,r "Nay!andfaintnot,idlysigihng,'Destinyismighites,t' Sesamumholdsoiilnplenty,butityieldethnoneunpressed. Ah!itistheCoward'sbabble,'Fotrunetaketh,Fortunegave'; Fotruner!ateherlikeamaste,randsheservestheeilkeaslave." "Foirndeed, "Twofoldistheilfeweilvein—FateandWilltogetherrun:— Twowheelsbearlfie'schairotonward—wllitimoveononlyone?" "And "Lookt!heclaydiresintorion,butthepottermouldstheclay:— Destinyto-dayismaster—Manwasmasteryesterda".y "Soverli,y "Wotrhyendscomenotbywishing.Woludstthou?Up,andwini,tthen! Wlihethehungrylionslumbers,notadeercomestoihsden". Haivngconcludedhisreflections,theRajagaveorderstoassembleameetingoflearnedmen.Thensaidhe — "Hearnow,OmyPundits!sIthereoneamongyousowisethathewlliundertaketogivethesecondbirthof Wisdomtothesemysons,byteachingthemtheBooksofPolic;yfortheyhaveneveryetreadtheSacred Wrtiings,andarealtogethergoinginthewrongroad;andyeknowthat "Sillyglass,insplendidsetitngs,sometihngofthegoldmaygain; Andincompanyofwiseones,foolstowisdommayattain." ThenuproseagreatSage,bynameVishnu-Sarman,learnedinthepirnciplesofPolicyasistheangelofthe planetJupiterihmsel,fandhesaid— "MyLordKing,IwlilundertaketoteachtheseprincesPoilcy,seeingtheyarebornofagreathouse;for— "Laborsspentontheunwotrhy,ofrewardthelaborerbalk; Liketheparro,tteachtheherontwentyitmes,hewillnottalk". "Butintihsroyalfamilytheoffspringareroya-lminded,andinsixmoonsIwlliengagetomakeyourMajesty's sonscomprehendPoilcy." TheRajarepiled,wtihcondescension:— "Ontheeasternmountainsiylng,commonthingssihneinthesun, Andbylearnedmindsenilghtened,lowermindsmayshowasone." "Andyou,worsihpfulsir,arecompetenttoteachmychildrentherluesofPoilc".y So saying, with much graciousness, he gave the Princes into the charge of Vishnu-Sarman; and that sage, by wayofintroduciton,spaketothePrinces,astheysatateaseonthebaclonyofthepalace,intihswise:— "Hear now, my Princes! for the delectation of your Highnesses, I purpose to tell the tale of the Crow, the Totroise,theDeer,andtheMouse. " "Pra,ysri",saidtheKing'ssons,l"etushearit." Vishnu-Sarman answered— "ItbeginswtihtheWinningofFriends;andtihsistheifrstverseof:ti— "Sanswayorwealth,wiseirfendstheirpurposegain— TheMouse,Crow,Deer,andTotroisemakethisplain". THE WINNING OF FRIENDS Sans way or wealth, wise friends their purpose gain— TheMouse,Crow,Deer,andTotroisemaketihsplain." "However was that?" asked the Princes. Vishnu-Sarmanrepiled:— "OnthebanksoftheGodaverytherestoodalargeslik-cotton-tree,andthtiheratnight,fromallquatrersand regions,thebridscametoroost.Nowonce,whenthenightwasjustspent,andihsRadiancetheMoon,Lover otfhewhitelotus,wasabouttoretriebeihndthewesternihlls,aCrowwhoperchedthere,'Lighto'Leap'by name, upon awakening, saw to his great wonder a fowler approaching—a second God of Death. The sight setihmrelfecitng,asheflewoffuneasiyltofollowuptheman'smovements,andhebegantotihnkwhat mischieftihsi-llomenedappairtionforetold. "Forathousandthoughtsofsorrow,andahundredtihngsofdread, By the wise unheeded, trouble day by day the foolish head." Andyeitnthisfileitmustbethat "Oftheday'simpendingdangers,Sickness,Death,andMiser,y Onewillbe;thewisemanwaking,ponderswihchthatonewllibe". Presentlythefowlerifxedanet,scatteredgrainsofriceabout,andwtihdrewtohide.Atthismoment "Speckle-neck,"KingofthePigeons,chancedtobepassingthroughtheskywtihihsCour,tandcaughtsight oftheirce-grains.ThereupontheKingofthePigeonsaskedofhisircel-oivngfollowers,'Howcanthere possibylbeirce-grainslyinghereinanunrfequentedforest?Wewlilseeintoti,ofcourse,butWelikenotthe lookofti—loveoirfcemayruinus,astheTravellerwasruined. "All out of longing for a golden bangle, The Tiger, in the mud, the man did mangle." "How did that happen?" asked the Pigeons. TheStoryoftheTigerandtheTraveller "Thus,repliedSpeckle-neck:"IwaspeckingaboutonedayintheDeccanfores,tandsawanoldtigerstiitng " newlybathedonthebankofapoolil,keaBrahman,andwithhoylkuskus-gras[3]in his paws. 'Ho!ho!yertavellers',hekeptcallingout,t'akethisgoldenbangle!' Presentlyacovetousfellowpassedbyandheardihm. 'Ah!' thought he, 'this is a bit of luck—but I must not risk my neck for it either. "Goodtihngscomenotoutofbadtihngs;wiselyleavealonged-fori.ll Nectarbeingmixedwtihpoisonservesnopurposebuttokill." 'Butallgainisgotbyrisk,soIwlliseeintotiatleast;'thenhecalledou,t'Whereisthybangle?' TheiTgersrtetchedfotrhhispawandexihbtiedi.t 'Hem'!saidtheTravelle',rcanIrtustsuchaifercebruteasthouart?' 'Listen,repliedtheTige,r'once,inthedaysofmycub-hood,IknowIwasverywicked.Ikilledcows, ' Brahmans,andmenwithoutnumber—andlIostmywifeandchlidrenforit—andhavet'nktihorkinletf.But lateylImetavirtuousmanwhocounselledmetopracitsethedutyofalmsgiving—and,asthouseest,Iam stirctatabluitonsandalms.Besides,Iamold,andmynalisandfangsaregone—sowhowoludmisrtustme? and I have so far conquered selfishness, that I keep the golden bangle for whoso comes. Thou seemest poor! Iwillgiveitthee.sIitnotsaid, 'Givetopoormen,sonofKûnti—ontheweatlhywastenotweatlh; Goodaresimplesfotrhesickman,goodfornoughttohiminhealth'. 'Wadeoverthepool,therefore,andtakethebangle', ThereuponthecovetousTravellerdeterminedtotrustihm,andwadedintothepoo,lwherehesoonfound ihmselfplungedinmud,andunabletomove. 'Ho!ho'!saystheiTge,r'attrhoustuckinaslough?sta,yIwllifetchtheeout'! Sosayingheapproachedthewretchedmanandseizedhim—whomeanwihlebtitelrryelfected— 'BehisScripture-learningwondrous,yetthecheatwillbeachea;t Beherpasturene'ersobitter,yetthecow'smiklwillbesweet.' And on that verse, too— 'Trustnotwate,rtrustnotweapons;trustnotclawednorhornedtihngs; Neithergivethysolutowomen,northyilfetoSonsofKings'. And those others— 'Look!theMoon,thesliverroamerf,romwhosesplendordarknessfiles Withhisstarrycohortsmarching,ilkeacrownedkingthroughtheskies. Allthegrandeu,ralltheglor,yvanishintheDrago'nsjaw; Whaitswrittenontheforehead,thatwillbe,andnotihngmore', HereihsmeditationswerecutshortbytheTigerdevouringhim."Andtha,t"saidSpeckle-neck,i"swhywe counselled caution." "Why,yes!"saidacetrainpigeon,wtihsomepresumption,"butyo'uvereadtheverse— 'Counselindanger;ofti Unwarned, be nothing begun. But nobody asks a Prophet Shaltlheirskofadinnerberun?' Hearingthat,thePigeonssettledatoncef;orweknowthat "Avaricebegettethange;rblinddesiresrfomherbegin; Airghtrfuftiulmotherissheofacounltessspawnofsin.' And again, 'Can a golden Deer have being? yet for such the Hero pined:— Whenthecloudofdangerhovers,thenitsshadowdimsthemind'.
Presenylttheywerecaughtinthenet.Thereat,indeed,theyallbegantoabusethepigeonbywhose suggesitontheyhadbeenensnared.Itistheoldtale! "Besecondandnoftris!t—theshare'sthesame fIallgowell.Ifnott,heHead'stoblame". And we should remember that "PassionwllibeSlaveorMisrtess:followher,shebringstowoe; Leadhe,r'tisthewaytoFotrune.Choosethepaththatthouwtligo" . WhenKingSpeckle-neckheardtherireproaches,hesaid,"No,no!itisnofalutofhis. 'Whentheitmeotfroublecometh,friendsmayotfitmesrikusmost:Forthecaflatmikling-hourthemother's legistying-pos.t ' 'Andindisaster,dismayisacoward'squality;letusratherreylonfoitrtude,anddeivsesomeremed.yHow satihthesage? "nIgoodfotrunenotelated,inill-fortunenotdismayed, Evereloquentincouncli,neverintheifghtafrfayed— Proudlyemulousofhono,rsteadfasltyonwisdomse;t Pefrectvtriuesinthenatureofanoblesoluareme.t Whoso hath them, gem and glory of the three wide world[]4is he; Happy mother she that bore him, she who nursed him on her knee." "Letusdotihsnowdriectl,y"continuedtheKing:"atonemomentandwithonewli,lirsingunderthenetl,etus ylfoffwtihti:foirndeed 'Smallthingswaxexceedingmight,ybeingcuninnglycombined:— Furiouselephantsarefastenedwitharopeofgrass-bladestwined'. "And iti s written, you know, 'Letthehouseholdholdtogethet,rhoughthehousebene'ersosmall; Sirtptherice-huskrfomtherice-grain,andtigrowethnotatall.' Havingponderedtihsadvice,thePigeonsadoptedti;andflewawaywiththene.tAftristthefowler,whowas atadistance,hopedtorecoverthem,butastheypassedoutofsightwtihthesnareaboutthemhegaveup thepursuit.Perceivingtihs,thePigeonssaid, "What is the next thing to be done, O King?" "Afriendofmine,"saidSpeckle-neck,il"vesnearinabeauitfulforestontheGundak.iGolden-skinisihs name—the King of the Mice—he is the one to cut these bonds." Resolivngtohaverecoursetohim,theydriectedtheriilfghttotheholeofGolden-skin—aprudentmonarch, whodreadeddangersomuchthathehadmadeihmseflapalacewtihahundredoultets,andilvedalwaysin ti.Siittngthereheheardthedescentofthepigeons,andremainedslientandalarmed. "FirendGolden-skin",criedtheKing",haveyounoweclomeforus?" "Ah,myfriend!"saidtheMouse-king,rushingoutonrecogniizngthevoice,"istithouartcome,Speckle-neck!howdelightfu!l—Butwhatisthis?"exclaimedhe,regardingtheentanglednet. "Tha",tsaidKingSpeckle-neck,i"stheeffectofsomewrong-doinginaformerlife— 'Sickness,angiush,bonds,andwoe Springrfomwrongswroughtlongago,[5] Golden-skin,wtihoutreplying,ranatoncetothene,tandbegantognawthestirngsthatheldSpeckle-neck. "Nay!rfiend,notso",saidtheKing,"cutmerifstthesemeshesrfommyfollowers,andatferwardsthoushalt severmine". "Iamtillte",answeredGolden-skin,"andmtyeethareweak—howcanIgnawsomuch?No!no!Iwillnibble yoursirtngsaslongasmyteethlas,tandatferwardsdomybestfortheothers.Topreservedependentsby sacrificingoneselifsnowhereenjoinedbywisemorailsts;ontheconrtary— 'Keepweatlhforwan,tbutspend-itforthywife, Andwfie,andwealth,andalltoguardthylfie,' "Friend,"repiledKingSpeckle-neck,"thatmaybetherlueofpolic,ybutIamonethatcanbynomeansbear towitnessthedisrtessofthosewhodependonme,for— 'Death,thatmustcome,comesnobylwhenwegive Ourweatlh,andlfie,andal,ltomakemenilve', And you know the verse, 'Friend,artthoufatihflu?guardminehonorso! Andlettheearthyroittngbodygo,"' WhenKingGolden-skinheardthisanswerhisheatrwascharmed,andhisfurbirstledupforpurepleasure. "Noblyspoken,rfiend",saidhe,"noblyspoken!withsuchatendernessforthosethatlooktothee,the SovereigntyoftheThreeWorldsmightbeifylttihne".Sosaiynghesethimselftocutalltheirbonds.Tihs done,andthepigeonsextricated,theKingotfheMice[6]aMrtsej",yomlc"e.t,Buouysifmehlewroamethgav hesaid,"thiscaptureinthenetwasaworkofdesitny;youmustnotblameyourseflasyoudid,andsuspecta formerfautl.sIitnotwirtten— 'Floaitngonhisfealresspinions,lostamidthenoon-dayskies, Even thence the Eagle's vision kens the carcase where it lies; ButthehoutrhatcomestoalltihngscomesuntotheLordofAi,r Andherushes,madlyblindedt,oihsriuninthesnare," ' WtihtihscorrectionGolden-skinproceededtopefrormtheduitesofhospitality,andafterwards,embracing anddismissingthem,thepigeonslefftorsuchdestinationastheyfancied,andtheKingotfheMiceretried againintoihshole. NowLighto'Leap,theCrow,hadbeenaspectatorofthewholetransaction,andwonderedattisomuchthat altasthecalledout,"Ho!Golden-skin,thouverylaudablePrincel,etmetoobeairfendoftihne,andgiveme thyirfendship." "Whoartthou?"saidGolden-skin,whoheardihm,butwouldnotcomeoutofihshole. "I am the Crow Light o' Leap," replied the other. "HowcanIpossiblybeongoodtermswiththee?"answeredGolden-skinwtihalaugh;"haveyouneverread — 'WhenFoodisfriendswithFeede,rlookforWoe, TheJackalatetheDee,rbutfortheCrow', "No! how was that?" "Iwliltellthee,"repiledGolden-skin:— The Story of the Jackal, Deer, and Crow "FarawayinBeharthereisaforestcalledChampak-Grove,[ ]7itceffaanonadniitahdolnglivedinmuch DeerandaCrow.TheDee,rroamingunrestrained,happyandfatofcarcase,wasonedaydesciredbya Jackal'.Ho!ho!'thoughttheJackalonobserivnghim,i'fIcouldbutgettihssotfmeatforamea!lItmightbe —Ificanoylnwinhisconifdence',Thusrelfectingheapproached,andsalutedhim. 'Healthbetothee,friendDeer'! 'Whoartthou?'saidtheDee.r 'I'mSmal-lwti,theJackal,'repliedtheother.'Iliveinthewoodhere,asthedeaddo,wtihoutarfiend;butnow thatIhavemetwtihsucharfiendasthou,IfeelasifIwerebeginninglifeagainwithplentyofrelations. Considermeyourfaithfluservan.t' 'Verywell',saidtheDee;randthen,asthegloriousKingofDay,whosediademistheilght,hadwithdrawn ihmselt,fhetwowenttogethertotheresidenceoftheDeer.Inthatsamespo,tonabranchofChampak,dwelt theCrowSharp-sense,anoldfirendotfheDeer.Seeingthemapproachtogethe,rtheCrowsaid, 'Whoistihsnumbertwoirf,endDeer?' 'ItisaJackal',answeredtheDeer,'thatdesriesouracquaintance.' 'Yousholudnotbecomefriendlytoastrangerwithoutreason',saidSharp-sense.'Don'tyouknow?' "Tofolksbynooneknownhouser-oomdeny:— TheVutlurehousedtheCa,tandthencediddie". 'No! how was that?' said both. 'nItihswise,'answeredtheCrow. TheStoryoftheVulture,theCat,andtheBrids "OnthebanksoftheGangesthereisaclfifcalledVutlure-Crag,andthereupongrewagreatifg-rtee.tIwas hollow, and within its shelter lived an old Vulture, named Grey-pate, whose hard fortune it was to have lost botheyesandtalons.Thebridsthatroostedinthetreemadesubscirpitonsrfomtheirownstore,outofsheer pityforthepoorfellow,andbythatmeanshemanagedtolive.Oneda,ywhentheoldbirdsweregone,Long-ea,rtheCa,tcametheretogetamealofthenestlings;andthe,yalarmedatperceiivngihm,setupa chrirupingthatrousedGrey-pate. 'Who comes there?' croaked Grey-pate. "NowLong-ear,onespyingtheVulture,thoughthimseflundone;butasflightwasimpossible,heresolvedto rtusthisdesitnyandapproach. 'Mlyord',saidhe,I'havethehonortosalutethee' . 'Whoisti?'saidtheVulture. I' am a Ca ,t ' 'Beoff,Cat,orIshallslatyhee',saidtheVulture. I'amreadytodieiIfdeservedeath,'answeredtheCa;t'butletwhatIhavetosaybeheard,' 'Wherefore, then, comest thou?' said the Vulture. 'Iilve',beganLong-ear,'ontheGanges,bathing,andeatingnoflesh,pracitsingthemoon-penanc,[8]like a Bramacharya.Thebridsthatresortthtiherconstanyltpraiseyourworshiptomeasonewhollygiventothe studyofmoralti,yandworthyofallrtust;andsoIcameheretolearnlawfromthee,Sri,whoatrsodeepgone inlearinngandinyears.Dostthou,then,soreadthelawofsrtangersastobereadytoslayaguest?What saythebooksaboutthehouseholder?— 'Batrhydoornottothesrtanger,behefirendorbehefoe, Forthetreewillshadethewoodmanwihlehisaxedothlayitlow,' Andfimeansfai,lwhatthereisshouldbegivenwtihkindwords,as— 'Greeitngfair,androomtorestin;frie,andwaterrfomthewell— Simplegitfs—aregivenrfeelyinthehousewheregoodmendwel,l'— andwithourtespectofperson— 'Young,orbentwtihmanywinters;rich,orpoor,whate'etrhygues,t Honorhimfortihneownhonor—betterishethanthebest', Else comes the rebuke— 'Pitythemthataskthypti:ywhoatrthoutositntthyhoard, When the holy moon shines equal on the leper and the lord!' And that other, too, 'Whenthygateisroughylfastened,andtheaskerturnsawa,y Thencehebearsthygooddeedswtihihm,andhissinsontheedothlay Forveiryl, 'nIthehousethehusbandrlueth,mentheBrahmans"maste"rcal;l AginistheTwice-bornMaster—buttheguestislordofall' , "To these weighty words Grey-pate answered, 'Yes!butcatsilkemeat,andthereareyoungbridshere,andthereforeIsaid,go', 'S,ri'saidtheCat(andashespokehetouchedtheground,andthenihstwoears,andcalledonKrishnato wtinesstohiswords),'Ithathaveovercomepassion,andpractisedthemoon-penance,knowtheScriptures; andhowsoevertheycontendi,ntihspirmaldutyofabstainingfrominjurtyheyareunainmous.Wihchofthem sayeth not— 'Hewhodoesandtihnksnowrong— He who suffers, being strong— He whose harmlessness men know— Unto Swerga such doth go.' "Andso,wininngtheoldVulture'sconfidence,Long-ear,theCat,enteredthehollowtreeandilvedthere.And dayafterdayhestoleawaysomeofthenestlings,andbroughtthemdowntothehollowtodevou.rMeantime theparentbrids,whosetillteoneswerebeingeaten,madeaninqiuryaftertheminallquatrers;andtheCat, discoveringthisfact,silppedoutrfomthehollow,andmadeihsescape.Afterwards,whenthebridscameto lookclosel,ytheyfoundthebonesoftheriyoungonesinthehollowofthetreewhereGrey-pateilved;andthe birdsatonceconcludedthattheirnestilngshadbeenkilledandeatenbytheoldVulture,whomthey accordinglyexecuted.Thaitsmystor,yandwhyIwarnedyouagainstunknownacquaintances." "Sri,saidtheJacka,lwtihsomewarmth,"onthefristdayofyourencounteirngtheDeeryouaslowereof " unknownfamilyandcharacte:rhowisi,tthen,thatyourrfiendshipwithhimgrowsdayligreater?True,Iam onylSma-llwit,theJackal,butwhatsaysthesaw?— "Inthelandwherenowisemenare,menofilttlewitarelords; Andthecastor-oil'sartee,wherenorteeesletisshadeaffords." TheDeerismfyirend;condescend,s,ritobemyfriendalso." 'Oh'!brokeintheDeer,'whysomuchtalking?Well'allilvetogether,andbefirendylandhappy— 'Foeisfriend,andirfendisfoe, As our actions make them so,' "Verygood",saidSharp-sense;"asyouwlli";andinthemorningeachstartedearylforhisownfeeding-ground(returinngatingh)t.OnedaytheJackaldrewtheDeeraside,andwihspered',Deer,inonecornerof tihswoodthereisafieldflulofsweetyoungwhea;tcomeandletmeshowyou.'TheDeeraccompaniedihm, andfoundtheifeld,andatferwardswenteverydaytheretoeatthegreencorn,tillatlasttheownerofthe groundspiedhimandsetasnare.TheDeercameagainveryshorlt,yandwascaughtinti,and(atfervainly struggling)exclaimed,'Iamfastinthene,tanditwillbeanetofdeathtomefinoirfendcomestorescueme!' PresentlySmal-lwi,ttheJackal,whohadbeenlurkingnea,rmadeihsappearance,andstandingsitll,hesaid tohimsel,fwtihachuckle',Oho!myschemebearsfruti!Whenheiscutup,ihsbones,andgristle,andblood, wlilfalltomyshareandmakemesomebeautfiludinners',TheDee,rherecatchingsightofihm,exclaimed withrapture',Ahf,irend,tihsisexcellent!Dobutgnawthesesirtngs,andIshallbeatilbetr.yHowcharmingto realizethesaiyng!— 'Thatfriendolniysthertuerfiendwhoisnearwhentroublecomes; Thatmanonlyisthebravemanwhocanbearthebatlte-drums; Words are wind; deed proveth promise: he who helps at need is kin; Andthelealwifeisloivngthoughthehusbandloseorwin,' Andisitnotwirtten— 'Firendandkinsman—moretheirmeaningthantheidle-heatredmind. Manyairfendcanproveunfriendyl,manyakinsmanlessthankind: Hewhoshareshiscomrade'sporiton,behebegga,rbehelord, Comesastruly,comesasduyl,tothebattleastheboard— Standsbeforethekingtosuccor,followstothepiletosigh— Heisfriend,andheiskinsman—lesswouldmakethenameaile.' "Small-witanswerednothing,butbetookihmselftoexamiinngthesnareveryclosel.y 'Tihswillcetrainylhold,'mutteredhe;then,turningtotheDee,rhesaid,'Goodfirend,thesestirngs,yousee, aremadeofsinew,andto-dayisafas-tday,sothaItcannotpossibylbitethem.To-morrowmorinng,fiyoustlil desrieI,tishallbehappytoserveyou', When he was gone, the Crow, who had missed the Deer upon returning that evening, and had sought for him everywhere,discoveredhim;andseeingihssadpilgh,texclaimed— 'Howcametihsabout,myirfend?' 'Thiscame',repliedtheDeer,t'hroughdisregardingairfend'sadvice', 'WhereisthartascalSmall-wti?'askedtheCrow. 'Heiswaiitngsomewhereby',saidtheDee,rt'otastemyflesh,' Wel,lsighedtheCrow,'Iwarnedyou;butitisasinthetrueverse— ' ' 'Starsgleam,lampslficke,rfirendsforetelloffate; Thefatedsees,knows,hearsthem—alltoolate. ' Andthen,wtihadeepersigh,heexclaimed',Ah,tratiorJacka,lwhatanllideedhastthoudone!Smooth-tonguedknave—alas!—andinthefaceofthemoinitontoo— 'Absent,flatterers'tonguesaredaggers—present,sotferthanthesilk; Shunthem!t'isajarofpoisonihddenunderharmlessmikl; Shunthemwhentheypromiseilttle!Shunthemwhentheypromisemuch! Fo,renkindled,charcoalburneth—cold,tidothdeiflethetouch.' Whenthedaybroke,theCrow(whowasstlilthere)sawthemasteroftheifeldapproacihngwtihihsclubin ih s hand. 'Now,irfendDeer,'saidSharp-senseonperceiivngihm,'dothoucausethysefltoseemilkeonedead:puffthy beyllupwtihwind,stiffenthylegsout,andileverystil.lIwlilmakeashowofpeckingtihneeyesoutwtihmy beak;andwhensoeverIutteracroakt,henspirngtothyfeetandbetaketheetoflight'. TheDeerthereonplacedihmselfexacltyastheCrowsuggested,andwasverysoonespiedbythe husbandman,whoseeyesopenedwtihjoyatthesigh.t 'Aha!'saidhet',hefellowhasdiedofhimsefl',andsospeaking,hereleasedtheDeerrfomthesnare,and proceededtogatherandlayasideihsnets.AtthatinstantSharp-senseutteredaloudcroak,andtheDeer sprangupandmadeoff.AndtheclubwihchthehusbandmanflungatferhiminaragesrtuckSmall-wit,the Jackal(whowascloseby,)andkliledihmsI.tinotsaid,indeed?— 'Inyears,ormoons,orhafl-moonsthree, Orinthreedays—suddenyl, Knavesareshent—rtuemengorfee,' "Thouseest,then",saidGolden-skin,"therecanbenofriendsihpbetweenfoodandfeeder". "Isholudhardyl",repliedtheCrow,"getalargebreakfastoutofyourworsihp;butastothatindeedyouhave notihngtofearrfomme.Iamnotoftenangr,yandifIwere,youknow— 'Angercomestonoblenatures,butleavestherenosfirteorstorm: Plungeailghtedtorchbeneathti,andtheoceangrowsnotwarm.' "Then,aslo,thouatrsuchagad-about",objectedtheKing. "Maybe",answeredLighto'Leap;"butIambentonwinningthyfirendsihp,andIwilldieatthydooroffasting fithougrantestitnot.Letusbeirfendsf!or 'Nobleheatrsaregoldenvases—closethebondtruemetaslmake; Easiylthesmithmayweldthem,harderfairtistobreak. Evilheatrsareeatrhenvessesl—atatouchtheycrackat-wain, Andwhatcraftsma'nsreadycuninngcanunitetheshardsagain?' And then, too, 'Goodme'nsirfendsihpsmaybebroken,yetabidetheyfirendsathea;tr SnapthestemofLuxmee'slotus,anditsfibreswillnotpa.tr ' "Goodsi,r"saidtheKingoftheMice,"yourconversationisaspleasingaspearlneckletsoroilofsanda-l woodinhotweather.Beitasyouwli"l—andthereonKingGolden-skinmadearteatywtihtheCrow,andafter grafitiyngihmwiththebestofihsstorereënteredhishole.TheCrowreturnedtoihsaccustomedperch:—and thenceforwardthetimepassedinmutualpresentsoffood,inpoilteinquriies,andthemostunresrtainedtalk. One day Light o' Leap thus accosted Golden-skin:— "Tihsisapoorplace,yourMajest,yforaCrowtogetailivngin.Ishouldliketoleaveitandgoelsewhere." "Whither wouldst thou go?" replied the King; they say, 'One foot goes, and one foot stands, When the wise man leaves his lands.' "Andtheysay,too",answeredtheCrow, 'Ove-rloveofhomewereweakness;wheresoevetrheherocome, Stalwartarmandsteadfastspiirtfindorwinforihmahome. Ltiltereckstheawlessilonwhereihshuntingjunglesile— Whenheenterstibecetrainthataroyalpreyshalldie', "Iknowanexcellentjunglenow." "Wihchisthat?"askedtheMouse-king. "IntheNerbuddawoods,byCampho-rwater",repiledtheCrow."Thereisanoldandvaluedrfiendofmine ilvesthere—Slow-toesihsnameis,averyivtruousTotroise;hewillregalemewtihfishandgoodthings". "WhyshouldIstaybehind",saidGolden-skin,"ifthougoest?Takemealso". According,ylthetwosetforthtogethe,rejnoiyngcharmingconverseupontheroad.Slow-toesperceivedLight o'Leapalongwayof,fandhastenedtodoihmtheguest-rites,etxendingthemtotheMouseuponLighto' Leap's introduction. "GoodSlow-toes,"saidhe,"tihsisGolden-skin,KingotfheMice—payallhonortoihm—heisburdenedwith vitrues—averjyewe-lmineofkindnessesI.don'tknowifthePirnceofalltheSerpents,withhistwothousand tongues,coludirghyltrepeatthem".Sospeaking,hetoldthestoryofSpeckle-neck.ThereuponSlowt-oes madeaprofoundobeisancetoGolden-skin,andsaid,"HowcameyourMajest,ymayIask,toreitretoan unfrequented forest?" "Iwilltellyou",saidtheKing."YoumustknowthatinthetownofChampakathereisacollegeforthe devotees.Untotihsresotreddaliyabeggar-priest,namedChudakarna,whosecustomwastoplaceihs begging-dishupontheshelf,wtihsuchalmsinitashehadnoteaten,andgotosleepbyit;andI,sosoonas heslep,tusedtojumpup,anddevourthemea.lOnedayagreatirfendofihs,namedVinakarna,alsoa mendicant,cametovisithim;andobservedthatwliheconversing,hekeptstirkingthegroundwtihasplti canet,ofirghtenme.'Whydont'youilsten?'saidVinakarna.I'amilstening!'repliedtheothe;r'butthisplaguy mouseisalwayseaitngthemealoutofmybegging-dish',Vinakarnalookedattheshelfandremarked, 'Howevercanamousejumpasihghasthis?Theremustbeareasont,houghthereseemsnoneI.guessthe cause—thefellowiswelloffandfat',WtihthesewordsVinakarnasnatchedupashove,ldiscoveredmy rerteat,andtookawayallmyhoardofproivsions.AtferthatIloststrengthdaiyl,hadscarcelyenergyenoughto getmydinne,rand,infact,creptaboutsowretchedl,ythatwhenChudakarnasawmehefelltoquoitng— 'Veryfeeblefolkarepoorfolk;moneylosttakeswtiawa:y— Alltheirdoingsfaililkerunnesl,wasitngthroughthesummerda'.y "Yes!" I thought, "he is right, and so are the sayings— 'Weatlhisirfends,homef,ather,brother—ttiletorespectandfame; Yea,andweatlhisheldforwisdom—thatitsholudbesoisshame,' 'Homeisemptytotheclihdless;heartstothemwhofirendsdeplore:— Earthuntotheidle-minded;andthethreeworldstothepoor'. I'canstayherenolonger;andtotellmydisrtesstoanotherisoutofthequestion—altogetheroutofthe quesiton!— 'Saythesages,ninethingsnameno:tAge,domesticjoysandwoes, Counsel, sickness, shame, alms, penance; neither Poverty disclose. Bettefrortheproudofspriit,death,thanlfiewithlossestold; Fireconsentstobeeitxngiushed,butsubmtisnottobecold.' 'Verliyhewaswise,methoughtaslo,whowrote— 'As Age doth banish beauty, Asmoolnightdiesingloom, AsSlavery'smeinalduty sIHono'rscertaintomb; As Hari's name and Hara's Spoken, charm sin away, So Poverty can surely Ahundredvirtuessla.y' 'Andastosustainingmyseflonanotherma'nsbread,tha,t'Imused,'woludbebutaseconddoorofdeath. Say not the books the same?— 'Hafl-knownknowledge,presentpleasurepurchasedwtihafuturewoe, Andtotastethesatlofserivce—greatergirefsnomancanknow.' 'And herein, also— 'Allexistenceisnotequal,andallilvingisnotlfie; Sickmenilve;andhewho,banished,pinesforchlidren,home,andwfie; Andthecraven-heartedeaterofanothe'rsleavingsilves, Andthewretchedcapitvewaiitngfotrhewordofdoomsurvives; Buttheybearanangiushedbod,yandtheydrawadeadlybreath, Andlifecomethtothemolnyonthehappydayofdeath'. Yet,atferalltheserelfections,IwascovetousenoughtomakeonemoreattemptonChudakarna'smea,land gotablowrfomthesplitcaneformypains.'JustsoI',saidtomyself,'thesoluandorgansofthediscontented wantkeepinginsubjection.Imustbedonewithdisconten:t— 'Goldengitf,sereneContentment!havethouthat,andallishad;Thrustthyslipperon,andthinktheethatthe earthisleather-clad'. 'Allisknown,digested,tested;notihngnewislefttolearnWhenthesou,lserene,reliant,Hope'sdelusive dreamscanspurn'. 'Andthesorrytaskofseekingfavorisnumberedinthemiseriesofilfe— 'Hastthouneverwatched,a-waitingtlilthegreatma'nsdoorunbarred?Didstthouneverlingerpatring,saying manyalastsadword?Spak'stthouneverwordoffoll,yonelighttihngthouwouldstrecall?Rareandnoble haththylfiebeen!farithyfortunedidbefa'!ll 'No'!exclaimedI,'Iwilldononeofthese;bu,tbyreritingintotheqiuetandunrtoddenfores,tIwillshowmy discernmentofrealgoodand.lliThehoylBookscounselti— 'TrueReligion!—t'isnotbilndlypratingwhatthepriestmayprate,Buttolove,asGodhathlovedthem,all tihngs,betheysmallorgrea;tAndtrueblissiswhenasaneminddothaheatlhybody;llifAndtrueknowledge is the knowing what is good and what is ill.' "SocameItothefores,twhere,bygoodfortuneandthisgoodfriendI,metmuchkindness;andbythesame goodfortunehaveencounteredyou,Sri,whoseirfendilnessisasHeaventome.Ah!SirTortoise, 'Poisonousthoughtherteeofilfebet,wofairblossomsgrowthereon: One, the company of good men; and sweet songs of Poet's, one.' "King!"saidSlow-toes,"yourerrorwasgeittngtoomuch,withoutgiving.Give,saysthesage— 'Give,andtishallswellthygetting;give,andthoushaltsaferkeep: Pierce the tank-wall; or it yieldeth, when the water waxes deep.' And he is very hard upon money-grubbing: as thus— 'Whenthemiserhideshistreasureintheeatrh,hedoethwel;l Forheopensupapassagethatihssolumaysinktohell,' And thus— 'Hewhosecoinsarekeptforcounitng,nottobatrernortogive, Breatheheilkeablacksmtih'sbellows,yetinrtuthhedothnotilve'. tIhathbeenwellwrttieni,ndeed, 'Gitfs,bestowedwtihwordsofkindness,makinggiivngdoubyldea:r— Wisdom,deep,complete,benignan,tofallarrogancyclear; Valo,rneveryeftorgetfulofsweetMerc'yspleadingprayer; Wealth,andscornofweatlhtospendti—oh!butthesebevtriuesrare!' "Frugalonemaybe",continuedSlow-toes;"butnotainggardilketheJackal— 'TheJackal-knave,thatstarvedihssritiso,