History of the United States, Volume 3

Elisha Benjamin Andrews

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• Publié par: mesig
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 15
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the United States, Volume 3 (of 6), by E. Benjamin Andrews This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: History of the United States, Volume 3 (of 6) Author: E. Benjamin Andrews Release Date: December 5, 2007 [EBook #23748] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES *** Produced by Don Kostuch [Transcriber's Notes] Text has been moved to avoid fragmentation of sentences and paragraphs. The other five texts in this series were obtained from the 1912 edition of original books. Volume 3 was missing from the set. This text, Volume 3, is derived from a PDF image file of the 1896 edition on the Internet Archive at http://www.archive.org/details/histusearliest03andrrich [End Transcriber's Notes] HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES The First Gun Fired from Fort Sumter. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FROM THE EARLIEST DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE PRESENT DAY BY E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS PRESIDENT OF BROWN UNIVERSITY WITH 400 ILLUSTRATION AND MAPS VOLUME III NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1896 COPYRIGHT, 1894, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place. New York CONTENTS PERIOD II WHIGS AND DEMOCRATS TILL THE DOMINANCE OF THE SLAVERY CONTROVERSY 1814--1840 CHAPTER I. THE WHIG PARTY AND ITS MISSION The Word "Whig."--Republican Prestige.--Schism.--Adams's Election.--Five Doctrines of Whiggism.--I. Broad Construction of the Constitution.--II. The Bank.-Death of Old and Birth of New.--Opposition by Jackson.--III. The Tariff of 1816.--Its Object.--IV. Land.--Whig versus Democratic Policy.--V. Internal Improvements --Rivers and Harbors.--Need of Better Inland Communication.--Contention between the Parties.-Whig Characteristics.--Adams.--Webster.--His Political Attitude.--Clay.--His Power, as an Orator.--His Duel with Randolph.--His Wit.--His Influence. CHAPTER II. FLORIDA AND THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 42 Florida's Disputed Boundary.--West Florida Occupied.--Jackson Seizes East Florida.--Puts to Death Ambrister and Arbuthnot.--His Excuse.--Defended by Adams.-Sale of Florida. --Revolt of Spanish America.--Monroe's Declaration.--Its Origin. PAGE 19 8 CONTENTS PAGE 52 CHAPTER III. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE Missouri Wishes Statehood.--Early History of Slavery.--Hostility to it.--First Abolitionist Societies.--Ordinance of 1787.--Slavery in the North.--In the South.--Pleas for its Existence.--Missouri Compromise.--Pro-slavery Arguments.--The Policy Men.-Anti-slavery Opinions.--Difficulties of the Case.--The Anti-slavery Side Ignores these. CHAPTER IV. THE GREAT NULLIFICATION 63 Rise of Tariff Rates after 1816.--Relations of Parties and Sections to the Tariff.-Minimum Principle.--Tariff of Abominations Adopted.--Harmful to the South.-Nullification Project.--Calhoun's Life and Pet Political Theory.--South Carolina Recedes.--Compromise Tariff.--State Rights and Central Government.--Webster's Plea. CHAPTER V. MINOR PUBLIC QUESTIONS OF JACKSON'S "REIGN" 78 Jackson's Life.--Mistaken Ideas.--Civil Service Reform.--Perfecting of Party Organization in the Country.--Jackson and the United States Bank.--His Popularity.-Revival of West Indian Trade.--French Spoliation Claims.--Paid.--Our Gold and Silver Coinage.--Gold Bill.--Increased Circulation of Gold.--Specie Circular. CHAPTER VI. THE FIRST WHIG TRIUMPH 93 Election of Harrison in 1840.--Causes.--Jackson's Violence.--Sub-treasury Policy.-Panic of 1837.--Decrease of Revenue.--Whig Opposition to Slavery.--Seminole War.-Amistad Case.--Texan Question.--"Tippecanoe and Tyler too." CONTENTS 9 PAGE CHAPTER VII. LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE FOURTH DECADE 109 Population and Area.--The West.--The East.--An American Literature.--Newspaper Enterprise, Mails, Eleemosynary Institutions.--American Character.--Temperance Reform.--The Land of the Free.--Religion.--Anti-masonic Movement.--Banking Craze.-Moon Hoax.--Party Spirit.--Jackson as a Knight Errant.--His Self-will.--Enmity between Adams and Jackson.--Costumes. CHAPTER VIII. INDUSTRIAL ADVANCE BY 1840 132 F. C. Lowell and his Waltham Power-loom.--Growth of Factory System.--New Corporation Laws.--Gas, Coal, and Other Industries.--The Same Continued.--The National Road.--Stages and Canals.--Ocean Lines.--Beginning of Railroads.-Opposition.--First Locomotive.--Multiplication of Railroads. PERIOD III THE YEARS OF SLAVERY CONTROVERSY 1840-1860 CHAPTER I. SLAVERY AFTER THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 149 Cotton and Slavery.--Evils of Slavery: Social, Economic.--Slave Insurrections.-Turner's Rebellion.--Abolition in Virginia.--Black Laws.--Lull in Anti-slavery Agitation.--Colonization Society.--Fugitive Slave Laws.--Prigg's Case.--Personal Liberty Laws in the North.--Kidnapping Expeditions.--Domestic Slave-trade.--Nonemancipation Laws.--Business Relations between North and South. 10 CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER II. "IMMEDIATE ABOLITION" 163 Renewed Hostility to Slavery.--Lundy.--Garrison.--Affiliations of this Movement.-The New England Anti-slave Society.--Significance, Purpose, Work.--Methods of Abolitionists.--Southern Opposition.--Northern.--Anti-abolitionist Riots at the North.-Murder of Lovejoy.--Outrages against Northern Blacks.--Colored Schools Closed.-Schism among the Abolitionists.--The Liberty Party.--Ultra-abolitionists' Unreason.-Why Abolitionism Spread.--Ambiguity of the Constitution.--Seizure of Black Seamen.-Grievances on both Sides. CHAPTER III. THE MEXICAN WAR 179 Texas Declares her Independence.--Battle of San Jacinto.--The Democracy Favors Annexation.--Calhoun's Purpose.--Opposition of Clay and the Whigs.--Texas Admitted to the Union.--Causes of the War.--The Nueces vs. the Rio Grande.--Preliminary Operations.--Battle of Palo Alto.--Declaration of War.--Monterey Captured.--Santa Anna again President.--Buena Vista.--Taylor's Victory.--Scott Appointed to Chief Command.--Capture of Vera Cruz.--Cerro Gordo.--Jalapa.--Re-enforced by Pierce.--On to the City of Mexico.--Contreras.--Churubusco.--Molino del Rey.--Storming of Chapultepec.--Capture of the Capital.--Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.--Its Conditions.-The Oregon Question. CHAPTER IV. CALIFORNIA AND THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 198 Invasion of New Mexico.--Exploration and Seizure of California.--Discovery of Gold.--Resulting Excitement.--Increase of Population.--Gold Yield.--Early Law and Government.--Slavery's Victory.--The Wilmot Proviso.--Taylor President.--Application by California for Admission to the Union.--Clay's Omnibus Bill. --Webster Superseded by Sumner.--Passage of the Omnibus Compromise.--California a State.--Enlargement of Texas.--New Fugitive Slave Law.--Revival of Abolitionism.--Underground Railroad.-Rendition of Anthony Burns.--Other Cases.