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28 Oct 2005 – Why and How Differentiate. Developing Countries in the WTO? Theoretical Options and Negotiating. Solutions. Jean-Marie Paugam and ...

Sujets

• Économie
• Economy

Informations

• Publié par: paul.vallen
• Nombre de lectures: 29
• Langue: English

Extrait

Why and How Differentiate Developing Countries in the WTO? Theoretical Options and Negotiating Solutions

Jean-Marie Paugam and Anne-Sophie Novel

IFRI/ AFD Conference

“Trade for Development : the future of Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries”

Paris, October 28, 2005

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Presentation Outline

Legal and Economic Cases for Differentiation

Theoretical Solutions for the WTO

Political Options within the DDA?

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1 - The Differentiation Principle: Legal Case

Not Only Permitted: - Legal Basis; - India - EU Appelate Body Ruling; But Already Implemented:

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Implementation of agreements establishing categories of DCs (LDCs, SCM, NFIDCs); Political recognition of sub categories (SIDSs, LLDCs)

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Chart 1: Exam

le of Differentiated WTO Sub-Cate

ories

Source: : Authors, from WTO (2005), Keck & Low (2004).Except for Senegal (recently added to the list) LDCs are not taken into account in this chart since they automatically benefit from the measures at stake

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1 - The Differentiation Principle: Economic Case in the Literature

“One size does not fit all”:

- International Economic Organization Other than the WTO

- Table

Trade Policy as second best development tool

Various Negative Externalities

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UN Class.

2 - Theoretical Options for the WTO

Geographic Criteria

1 Country Based  Differentiation

gional R G R r e oupings Nat e u li r e a f l ,     R Cl e i s m ou at r e c , es

Socio Economic Indicators

Social Economic

Least Small Islands  LandLocked  Developed Developing States  Developing Countries  Countries SIDSs LLDCs LDCs

Institutional

Trade

FAO Categories 7

2 - Theoretical Options for the WTO

WTO Disciplines

Criteria per SDT Measure

2 Rule Based Differentiation

Stevens - Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) and Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)

SDT Objectives

Corresponding Group of Countries

Keck&Low - Subvention Countervailing Measures

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Stevens

Source: Authors, from Stevens (2002), FAO (2005), World Bank Online Database on Development Indicators.

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2 - Theoretical Options for the WTO

LDC+

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Tailor Made Approach

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3 - Any Political Options for differentiation in the DDA? Political Economy of Differentiation

Development Impact - SDT Efficiency

Distribution Costs

Transaction Costs

Political Costs

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