Training in industrial safety

Directorate-General For Employment Social Affairs And Inclusion European Commission

Description

Workers' health and safety
Target audience: Specialised/Technical

Sujets

• Occupational safety and health
• Work accident
• Vocational education
• Technological change

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-EMPLOYMENT_SOCIAL-AFFAIRS-AND-INCLUSION-EUROPEAN-COMMISS
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

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industrial health and safety
Training in industrial safety
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375 EUR 5224 e, f, i LEGAL NOTICE
The Commission of the European
Communities and its departments
decline all responsibility with
regard to the use of the informa­
tion contained herein.
Published bythe Commission of
the European Communities
.. Directorate-G^eneral Scientifical and
' •Tech.i&i-information Management
Luxembourg 1976 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
industrial health and safety
Training in industrial safety
Marcello Cesa-Bianchi
Giuseppe Mantovani
F/rRi_EnEflT EUROPEFW
Directorate-General, Social Affairs 031887
Luxembourg
fllSliOTHEO'UE"
EUR 5224 e, f, i 1975 CONTENTS
Introduction • • >. > ..........
Part 1. Points of reference
Chapter 1. The problem of safety in terms of reliability... 9
1.1 A general definition of accident 9
10 1.2 Ergonomics and the man/machine system.....
1.3 Accidents are a by-product of the system's
11 operation.
13 1 .4 Reliability and safety
15 1.5 Systems thinking
Chapter 2. Training and participation in technological
21
and social change
21
2.1 The gap in training operations
23
2.2 Guiding principles for training operations.
25
2.3 Participation and technological change
28
2.4 Workers' physical and mental health
32
2.5 The spread of the demand for training
Part II. Research and experiments carried out in E.E.C. offices
Chapter 1. Analysis of some ECSC research on training
37 (1966/1968).
1.1 Preliminary remarks 37
1.2 The research into schools and education and their
role in safety training 38
1.3 Investigation into the training of charge hands
41 in Belgian mines
1.4 The relationship between foremen and operatives
44 in safety training.
1.5 Training workers by group techniques 48 1.6 Concluding remarks ....... 52
Chapter 2. Analysis of some approaches to safety training
in ECSC research between 1968 and 19725
2.1 Factors of reliability and prevention....... 56
2.2 Principles for use in formulating a training
method by case studies (French team)........ 56
2.3 Experience and safety according to the
Belgian team: the case of the sintering
strand., 61
2.4 Training and motivation, the experience of
the Italian team 76
2.5 Conclusion........ 84
Conclusions 89
Bibliography 93 INTRODUCTIOH
1. Preamble
We have interpreted the E.E.C.'s commission tp us as an attempt to
produce a scientific and pedagogical instrument from information received
from initiatives instituted by the E.E.C. and in recent years from every
other potential source of information available or verifiable. Hhe prob­
lems involved in industrial safety training are stated not in strictly
technical but rather more general terminology. Because of the wide-
ranging significance of industrial safety linked with the technological
progress characterizing most European countries, the value of a human
being's right to retain his physical and psychological integrity, and be­
cause of the need to propoagate amongst large areas of the population
knowledge of the problem and the need for an adequate solution to it - we
considered it expedient to dedicate this work not only to the employers,
trades unions and people with responsibility in the Community's public
bodies, but also to workers at different levels and the citizens of various
countries who, independent of their actual position in industrial operations,
have or may have an interest in this subject. We therefore hope that this
book will be known and discussed not only in vocational training establish­
ments but also in educational institutions attended by adolescents, youths
and adults. This is because we feel that the school provides the environ­
ment for using a scientific and pedagogical instrument and that workers of
the future must be offered the means of forming their own attitudes to
their work and safety, with due regard to progressive ideas and not only
those reflecting the present reality and a past mentality. Finally, it is
advisable to provide adults undergoing further training or re-training with
the possibility to face, in real innovative terms, one of the fundamental
aspects of their present and future Work.
Having defined the intended readers of this book, we still had to
define the manner in which its objectives were debated and established
within the context of the E.E.C. research into safety - especially the work
carried out by the Italo-Franco-Belgian working party in which we were able to participate. These objectives are:
a) the distribution of the syntheses - in terms of practical
possibility - of the methodology, results and data deduced from
the research programmes, individual or through interdisciplinary
and multinational coordination, which have been implemented by
the E.E.C.;
b) the parallel and integrated distribution of the data derived from
other sources which indirectly or directly document the evolution
of questions of safety and training and the conditions influencing
those questions;
c) to urge a new global and preventive approach to the question of
safety;
d) the promotion of safety training measures to all levels, gerarchical,
functional, ages (starting in the technical courses and schools
of adolescents, through to updating and retraining, being carried
out or foreseen in recently introduced labour legislation in some
countries), giving due consideration to the increasingly rapid
technological and social changes;
e) drawing attention to the "participation" aspect of each safety
and safety training" initiative, especially at worker level.
2. Design of the book
The guidelines established, which represent the authors' critical
processing of the numerous documents assembled by them, can be reduceded
to the formulation and justification of the following propositions in
scientific and applicative terms:
- responsibility for safety cannot and must not be delegated to
individual employers or public organizations but must also be
directly assumed by all workers within the limits of individual
competence.
- safety training is not given in purely technical and applicative
terms. (There are no suggestions as to how managers, employers,
trades unions, foremen and workers should be trained). This 5s
not only because every situation is unique or because reliable
research and experience into safety training is still limited, but
because users at various levels have the duty to identify the objectives and the safety experiments which concern them (keeping
well in mind the ergonomic considerations presented in this volume).
- the operational data should therefore he derived from the critical
considerations formulated by the readers of this work, having re­
gard to Parts I and II.
This work has been divided into two main parts, preceded by an intro­
duction and followed by a conclusion.
Part I (Points of Reference) defines the problem of industrial safety
in accordance with the reliability concept and following the orientation
of E.E.C. research over the last five years. It provides information on
the developments in ergonomic research and the General System Theory which
makes it possible to incorporate the discussion of security and reliability
into wider current of research and technological application, which calls
for a change of approach (systems thinking) on the part of the users.
Chapter 2, which is devoted to training for reliability, notes the
delay in propagating and in giving guidance to the current training
measures for reliability research. It explains the E.E.C. guidelines for
safety training linked to vocational training, and closely tied to the
problems concerning worker participation in decisions concerning their
working conditions. Involvement in the factory and in society is then
viewed in the light of technological and social change which make the
intervention in training operations particularly urgent.
Part II (Research and Experiments conducted by E.E.C.) gives an
account of some of the results of initiatives instituted by the Directorate
General for Social Affairs, "Industrial Physiology and Medicine" Section.
Chapter I provides information and comments on a series of four research
operations concerning safety training which were commissioned during
1966/68 from one Belgian working group, two Italians and one Dutch.
Chapter 2 reports on some training experiments formulated between 1968/
72 within the Italo-Franco-Belgian working party as a corollary of the
research into the "Organization and Structure of the Work Environment".
This material is a valuable source of information and a stimulus for sub­
sequent developments and investigations. It is not intended as a para­
meter or outcome of work which has yet been completed. On the contrary,
research and application of this kind must be considered to be still at an
early stage even though in many respects it looks pr