Cellular effects of the multidomain serine, threonine kinase from Yersinia enterocolitica [Elektronische Ressource] / von Gerhardt Zenner

Gerhardt Zenner

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München









Cellular effects of the multidomain
serine/threonine kinase from
Yersinia enterocolitica










von
Gerhardt Zenner

Hamburg 2007


Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde zwischen Februar 2003 und Januar 2007 unter Anleitung von
Prof. Dr. M. Aepfelbacher am Max von Pettenkofer Institut in München und am Institut für
Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene am Universitätskrankenhaus Eppendorf
in Hamburg durchgeführt. Die Arbeit wurde betreut und vor der biologischen Fakultät
vertreten durch PD Dr. Angelika Böttger (Department Biologie II, LMU, München).



Wesentliche Teile dieser Arbeit sind in folgender Publikation veröffentlicht:

* Trasak, C., G. Zenner, A. Vogel, G. Yuksekdag, R. Rost, I. Haase, M. Fischer, L.
Israel, A. Imhof, S. Linder, M. Schleicher, and M. Aepfelbacher. 2007. Yersinia Protein
Kinase YopO Is Activated by A Novel G-actin Binding Process. J Biol Chem. 282:2268-
2277.

* Gleichberechtigte Erstautorschaft die im Verlauf der Dissertation entstanden ist.

Weitere Publikationen:

Ruckdeschel, K., G. Pfaffinger, K. Trulzsch, G. Zenner, K. Richter, J. Heesemann, and
M. Aepfelbacher. 2006. The proteasome pathway destabilizes Yersinia outer protein E and
represses its antihost cell activities. J Immunol. 176:6093-102.

Osiak, A.E., G. Zenner, and S. Linder. 2005. Subconfluent endothelial cells form
podosomes downstream of cytokine and RhoGTPase signaling. Exp Cell Res. 307:342-53.





Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
an der Fakultät für Biologie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
vorgelegt von
Dipl.-Biol. Gerhardt Zenner
aus Arad.


Gutachter:
Erstgutachter: PD Dr. Angelika Böttger.
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Schleicher
Sondergutachter: Prof. Dr. M. Aepfelbacher


Tag der Einreichung: 05.02.2007
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23.05.2007




















Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung
Ich versichere, dass die Dissertation von mir selbständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfsmittel
angefertigt wurde. Die Dissertation habe ich keiner anderen Fakultät oder Universität zur
Prüfung vorgelegt. Außerdem habe ich noch nicht versucht, eine Dissertation einzureichen
oder mich einer Doktorprüfung zu unterziehen.
Die Arbeit wurde von PD Dr. Angelika Böttger, Department Biologie II, LMU München,
betreut.


Hamburg, im Januar 2007


Gerhardt Zenner

T ABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Abstract ..............................................................................................1
B. Introduction........................................................................................2
1. THE GENUS YERSINIA ..................................................................................... 2
2. YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PICTURE...... 4
3. PATHOGENICITY OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA...................................... 6
4. ADHESION AND INVASION .............................................................................. 7
4.1 Pla and pH6 antigen...................................................................................... 7
4.2 Attachment Invasion Locus (Ail) .................................................................... 8
4.3 Invasin........................................................................................................... 8
4.4 Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) .......................................................................... 10
5. TYPE III SECRETION AND TRANSLOCATED EFFECTOR
PROTEINS (YOPS) .............................................................................................. 14
5.1 Type III secretion and the Yersinia needle complex .................................... 14
5.2 YopM – a leucine rich protein ...................................................................... 16
5.3 YopH - a protein tyrosine phosphatase ....................................................... 17
5.4 YopP - an enzyme that inhibits MAPK and NF- κB signaling pathways........ 18
5.5 YopE – GAP activity for specific downregulation of Rho GTPases ............. 19
5.6 YopT – a cysteine protease removing the isoprenoid group
of Rho GTPases................................................................................................ 20
5.7 YopO – a serine/threonine kinase that binds to Rho GTPases and is
activated by G-actin........................................................................................... 21
5.7.1 Serine/Threonine kinase activity......................................................................... 22
5.7.2 Rho-binding activity............................................................................................ 22
5.7.3 Secretion/Translocation of YopO is dependent on the SycO chaperone ............ 22
5.7.4 Functional role of YopO ..................................................................................... 23
6. STATE OF THE ART - BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF YOPO .... 24
6.1 YopO is activated by G-actin not F-actin ..................................................... 24
6.2 Identification of autophosphorylated amino acids that regulate kinase
activity ............................................................................................................... 24
7. RHO GTPASES – PRIMARY TARGETS OF YOPS......................................... 27
7.1 Rho proteins and actin polymerization......................................................... 28
7.2 Rho proteins and phagocytosis ................................................................... 28
8. AIM OF THIS STUDY ....................................................................................... 30
I T ABLE OF CONTENTS
C. Results..............................................................................................31
1. CHARACTERIZATION OF YOPO CONSTRUCTS USED IN THIS STUDY .... 31
1.1 YopO protein organization and constructs................................................... 31
1.2 YopO has N- and C-terminal actin binding sites.......................................... 32
1.3 Kinase activity of N- and C-terminal YopO deletion mutants....................... 34
1.4 Overview of the activities of YopO constructs used in this study................. 36
2. MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF YOPO – F-ACTIN AND CELL SHAPE..... 37
2.1 Microinjection and Transfection of YopO..................................................... 37
2.1.1 Microinjection of YopO89-729 leads to rounding and F-actin disruption.......... 37
2.1.2 Transfection of YopO fusion proteins leads to rounding and F-actin disruption 38
2.2 Cellular effects of N- and C-terminal YopO deletion mutants on F-actin and
cell shape .......................................................................................................... 40
2.2.1 F-actin disruption is mediated by C-terminal Rho-GDI-like domain ................. 40
2.2.2 F-actin disruption can be rescued by RhoAV14 ................................................. 41
2.2.3 Rounding/Arborization is dependent on kinase activity ..................................... 43
3. FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF YOPO IN PHAGOCYTOSIS .................................... 45
3.1 Fc γ-Receptor (Fc γR)- and Complement Receptor (CR)-mediated
phagocytosis ..................................................................................................... 45
3.1.1 Fc γR-induced actin polymerization is not inhibited by YopO............................ 46
3.1.2 Fc γR and CR-mediated phagocytosis are not inhibited by YopO ...................... 47
3.2 Invasin mediated phagocytosis ................................................................... 49
3.2.1 Invasin-beads and Invasin-E. coli show similar invasion properties .................. 49
3.2.2 Localization of YopO to phagocytic cup depends on amino acids 1-88............. 51
3.2.3 Invasin-induced actin cup formation is not inhibited by YopO.......................... 52
3.2.4 Invasin-mediated internalization is not inhibited by YopO ................................ 53
3.3 YadA mediated phagocytosis ...................................................................... 55
3.3.1 Adhesion of YadA-E. coli to fibronectin (FN) and collagen (COL) .................. 55
3.3.2 Internalization of YadA-E. coli is independent of fibronectin............................ 56
3.3.3 Localization of YopO to the YadA uptake structure........................................... 57
3.3.4 YadA-induced actin polymerization is not inhibited by YopO........................... 58
3.3.5 YadA-mediated internalization is inhibited by YopO......................................... 59
3.3.6 Inhibition of YadA-mediated internalization depends on the kinase activity
of YopO..................................................................................................