Dynamical influence on the stratospheric ozone and water vapor [Elektronische Ressource] / von Sandip Dhomse

Sandip Dhomse <[e-mail]>

Description

DynamicalInfluenceontheStratosphericOzoneandWaterVaporVomFachbereichfur¨ PhysikundElektrotechnikderUniversitat¨ BremenZurErlangungdesakademischenGradeseinesDoktorderNaturwissenschaften(Dr.rer.nat.)genehmigteDissertationvonSandipDhomseEingericham: 31October2006TagdesPromotionskolloquiums: 07November2006Gutachter: Prof.Dr.J.P.BurrowsProf.Dr.J.NotholtPrufer:¨ Prof.Dr.RheinProf.Dr.BornholdtiiContentsAbstract 1Publications 31 Introduction 51.1 Verticalstructureoftheatmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 Zonalofthe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 Ozonechemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.4 Someaspectsofozone climateinteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.5 Objectivesofthethesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Data sets 212.1 Ozonedatasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2 Stratosphericwatervapordatasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3 Meteorologicaldatasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Eddy heat flux: A proxy for atmospheric dynamics influencing ozonetransport 313.1 Someaspectsofatmosphericwaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.2 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.4 GOMEtracegasdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_bremen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

Extrait

StratosphericDynamicalOzoneInuenceandWonatertheVapor

VomFachbereichderUnif¨urvPhersit¨atysikundBremenElektrotechnik

ZurErlangungdesakademischenGradeseines

DoktorderNaturwissenschaften(Dr.rer.nat.)

Dissertationgenehmigte

onvDhomseSandip

TagEingerichdesam:Promotionskolloquiums:

Gutachter:

ufer:¨Pr

3107NovOctoberember20062006

Prof.Dr.J.P.Burrows
NotholtJ..DrProf.

Prof.Prof.DrDr..RheinBornholdt

ii

Contents1tacAbstr3cationsPubli5onductiIntro11.1Verticalstructureoftheatmosphere...................5
1.2Zonalstructureoftheatmosphere....................6
1.3Ozonechemistry.............................9
1.4Someaspectsofozone-climateinteraction................14
1.5Objectivesofthethesis..........................18
21setsaDat22.1Ozonedatasets..............................21
2.2Stratosphericwatervapordatasets....................24
2.3Meteorologicaldatasets.........................27
3Eddyheatflux:Aproxyforatmosphericdynamicsinfluencingozone
transport31
3.1Someaspectsofatmosphericwaves...................31
3.2Abstract..................................40
3.3Overview.................................41
3.4GOMEtracegasdata...........................42
3.5Meteorologicalanalysis..........................42
3.6Dynamicalcontrolofspringozone....................44
3.7Discussionandconclusion........................47
3.8Someadditionalresults..........................48
3.9Concludingremarks............................52
4SolarcyclevariabilityandtheQBO55
4.1Overview.................................55
4.2Dataandmethodology..........................58
4.3QBO....................................58
4.4Stratospherictemperaturesandsolarcycle................63
4.5RegressionAnalysis............................66
4.6ComparisonbetweenNCEPandECMWF................68
4.7Summaryandconclusions........................74

vi

Contents

5Totalozonetrendsusingsatellitedata77
5.1Abstract..................................77
5.2Overview.................................78
5.3Satelliteozonedata............................83
5.4Proxyforplanetarywavedriving.....................83
5.5PSCvolumeproxy............................86
5.6Otherproxydata.............................86
5.7Regressionmodelfortrendstudies....................87
5.8Results...................................88
5.9Conclusions................................98
5.10Someadditionalresults..........................102
5.11Concludingremarks............................107

6TropicalLowerStratosphericWVandBrewer-DobsonCirculation109
6.1Abstract..................................109
6.2Introduction................................109
6.3Data....................................112
6.3.1Watervapordata.........................112
6.3.2Meteorologicaldata.......................113
6.4Extra-tropicalwaveforcingandstratosphericwatervapor........114
6.5DecreaseinTLSHOvaporafter2000..................119
2

7Summaryandconclusions

Acknowledgement

Bibliyograph

125

127

129

tacAbstr

Inuenceofthesomeofthethemostimportantprocessescontributingozonevariabil-
ity(stratosphericaerosolloading,Brewer-Dobsoncirculation,QBO,solarvariability,
changesinstratosphericchlorineloading)isstudiedusingupdatedmeteorologicaland
totalozonedatasets.Accumulatedwintereddyheatuxhasbeenproposedasanew
proxyfortheattributionofdynamicalinuenceonozonechange.Acompactrela-
tionshipbetweenwinterozonegainandeddyheatuxhasbeendemonstrated.Itis
shownthateddyheatuxnotonlycontrolshigh-latitudewinterozonegainbutalso
chemicalozonelossduetoheterogeneouschemistry.Inuenceof11-yearsolarcy-
cleonthestratospherictemperaturesisconfirmedusinglongtermmeteorologicaldata
(1958-2005)fromNCEPandECMWF.Ithasbeenobservedthatpolarstratospheric
temperaturesandsolaruxshowstrongcouplingduringwesterlyphaseofQBO.Re-
gressionanalysis(1979-2005)showsthatmid-winterpolarstratospherictemperatures
aregenerallyhigherduringsolarmaximabutlowerduringearlywintermonths.The
oppositeistrueduringsolarmaxima.Anewmultivariateregressionmodelhasbeen
usedtostudylongtermozonetrendsaswellchangesinozonetrendsduetochangesin
stratospherichalogenloading.UsingWFDOASGOME[1995-2003],SBUVV8(1979-
2003)andTOMS/SBUVmerged(1979-2005)totalozonedatasets,detailedanalysis
hasbeencarriedout.Largestnegativeozonetrendsareobservedathighlatitudesdur-
ingwinterseason(SH:−12DU/decade,NH:−8DU/decade)beyond50◦latitudes.In
tropicallatitudesozonetrendsarequitesmall.Solarvariabilitycontributesupto6-8DU
ozonechangewhereasQBOexplainsmostoftheozonevariabilityintropicallatitudes.
Itisalsoshownthattheincreaseinplanetarywavedrivingandsolarcyclemaxima
contributedsignificantlytotheobservedincreaseinNHmid-highlatitudetotalozone
sincethelate90s.ReplacinglineartrendtermwithEESC,regressionmodelshowsthat
changesinozonetrendsduetodeclineinhalogenloadingareupto4DU/decadeinNH
SH.inDU/decade8andInuenceofplanetarywavedrivingontropicallowerstratosphericwatervaporhasbeen
studiedusingSAGEV6.2(1984–2005)andHALOEV19(1991–2005)watervapor
data.Acompactrelationshipbetweenglobaleddyheatux(averagedfrombothhemi-
sphere)at50hPaandtropicallowerstratosphericwatervapor(averagedbetween16–20
km)havebeendemonstrated.Someyears,suchas1991,1997showdeparturefromthe
observedrelationshipindicatingthatwatervaporvariabilityinthetropicallowerstrato-
spherecannotbesolelyattributedtothestrengthofBrewer-Dobsoncirculation.Itis
alsoshownthatdecreaseinstratosphericwatervaporsince2000,isrelatedtoincrease
inplanetarywavedrivingfrombothhemisphere.Regressionanalysisshowsthatsuch
aincreaseinwavedrivingcontributedupto0.7Kcoolinginthetropicallowerstrato-
sphere.

2

Abstract

cationsPubli

Theworkdescribedinthisthesishasbeenpublishedinvariousjournalsassummarized
w:beloArticlesnalourJ

1.ThisstudywascarriedoutasapartofEUprojectCANDIDOZ(Chemicaland
DynamicalInuencesonDecadalOzoneChange).Someoftheimportantresults
fromthisprojectaresummerizedinthefollowingpublication.
N.R.P.Harris,E.Kyr¨o,J.Staehelin,D.Brunner,S-B.Andersen,S.Godin-
Beekmann,S.Dhomse,P.Hadjinicolaou,G.Hansen,I.Isaksen,A.Jrrar,A.
Karpetchko,R.Kivi,B.Knudsen,P.Krizan,J.Lastovicka,J.Maeder,Y.Or-
solini,J.A.Pyle,M.Rex,K.Vanicek,M.Weber,I.Wohltmann,P.Zanis,andC.
Zerefos(2007),Ozonetrendsatnorthernmid-andhighlatitudes,submitted
ysicaeGeophAnnalesto2.Acompactrelationshipbetweenplanetarywaveactivityonstratosphericwater
vaporisdemonstratedinthefollowingarticle.Thisarticlealsoprovidesanex-
planationfortheobserveddecreaseinstratosphericwatervaporsince2001.This
isthecontentofChapter6.
Dhomse,S.,M.Weber,andJ.P.Burrows(2006),Therelationshipbetweentro-
posphericwaveforcingandtropicallowerstratosphericwatervapor,Atmos.
Chem.Phys.Disc.,6,9563-9581,2006
3.IncreaseinNHmid-highlatitudetotalozonehasbeenoversteeredinrecentyears.
Possiblecausesofincreaseintotalzonalhasbeendiscussedinthefollowing
articleandispartofChapter5
S.OntheDhomsepossibleandM.causesWeberofrandecentJ.incrBurrowseasesandinI.NHWtotalohltmannozoneandfrM.omaRestatisticalx,(2006),
analysisofsatellitedatafrom1979to2003,Atmos.Chem.Phys.,6,1165-
1180.4.Forlongtermtrendanalysis,anewproxyhasbeensuggestedinthefollowing
ozonearticle.Ittransportisshotownhighthatwlatitudesinterbeddyutalsoheatcontuxrolsnottheonlychemicaldeterminesozoneinterlossdue-annualto
heterogenouschemistryandtheseresultsarepartofChapter3
roWwseber,(2003),M.,S.Dhomse,DynamicalF.cWontrittrock,olofA.NHRichterand,SHB.-M.winter/springSinnhuber,andtotalJ.P.ozoneBur-
fromGOMEobservationsin1995-2002,Geophys.Res.Lett.,30(11),1583,
doi:10.1029/2002GL016799.

4

OtherArticlesandConferenceProceedings

1.

2.

Publications

WeberM.,S.Dhomse,F.Wittrock,A.Richter,B.-M.Sinnhuber,andJ.P.Burrows
(2003),EinussderDynamikaufdenOzontransportunddieOzonchemiein
hohenBreiten,OzonbulletindesDeutschenWetterdienstesNr.93,25.

vSinnhuberariabilityofpolarBjoern-Martin,stratosphericSandipDhomseozoneandlossMarkderiWvedeberfrom(2004),satelliteInter-annualobser-

withcomparisoninationsv

Greeceos,Ksium(QOS),

CTM

,calculations

drennialQua

Ozone

Sympo-

onductiIntro1

Ozoneisanimportantgreenhousegasintheearthsatmospherewhichsupportslifeby
absorbingharmfulultravioletradiation.Ozoneshowslargespatialandtemporalvari-
abilitywhichisregulatedbyvariousatmosphericprocesses.Thisthesisisanattemptto
understandthepossibleinuenceofsomeofkeyatmosphericprocessesonstratospheric
ozone.Thischapterprovidesanoverviewofgeneralcharacteristicsoftheatmosphere.
VerticalstructureoftheatmosphereisexplainedinSection1.1.Zonalmeanstructureas
wellasinter-hemisphericdifferences(primarilystratospheric)inwindandtemperature
fieldsarediscussedinSection1.2.Importantandrelevantconceptssuchasozonepro-
duction,chemicalozoneloss,andtheozoneholearebrieyintroducedinSection1.3.
Someoftheimportantpathwaysandfeedbackmechanismsinvolvedinozone-climate
interactionareassessedinSection1.4.Theobjectivesofthisstudyaresummarisedat
theendofthischapter.

1.1Verticalstructureoftheatmosphere
Theatmosphereisathinlayerofgasessurroundingourplanetthatisheldaroundthe
earthbygravitationalattraction.Mostofthesegasesarewellmixedintheatmosphere,
ofhowetheverordertheof1000atmospherehPanearitselfvtheariessurface(zsignificantly0)andwithdecreasesaltitude.eThexponentiallyairpressurewith(p)heightis
w:folloas(z)p(z)=p(z0)expz−z0,(1.1)
Hheightscale