IPv6 TUTORIAL Ramón Sierra Pérez High Performance Computing facilityWhat is IPv6? ● Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next-generation Internet Protocol version designated as the successor to IPv4. ● The main driving force for the redesign of Internet Protocol is the foreseeable IPv4 address exhaustion. ● IPv6 was defined in December 1998 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the publication of an Internet standard specification, RFC 2460. 03/05/10 IPv6 Tutorial 2Motivations: Why IPv6? ● Foreseeable IPv4 address exhaustion. – Projected IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 23-Sep-2011 – Projected RIR (Regional Internet Registry) Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 09-Oct-2012 ● How much space do you have? – Is that enough? ● NAT will solve this problem? – Can you manage a network or diagnose a problem that is 3 layers of NAT deep? 03/05/10 IPv6 Tutorial 3Motivations: Why IPv6? ● There are IPv6-only networks on the Internet ● Do you have programs with foreign universities? – If they move to IPv6, where does that leave you and those students? ● If your website & services are only accessible via IPv4, will you ever know that opportunities you've missed? ● Others 03/05/10 IPv6 Tutorial 4IPv6 Addressing 03/05/10 IPv6 Tutorial 5IPv6 Addressing Scheme ● 128 bit long addresses 128– # of IP's in IPv6: 2 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 32– # of IP's in IPv4: 2 = 4 ...
● In order to avoid ambiguity, “::” can occur only once. ● leading zeros in a field are optional.
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IPv6 Address Types
Unicast Address:
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– Link-local:
● Can only be used between nodes of the same link ● Cannot be routed ● Format: FE80:0:0:0:<interface identifier> – Site-local:
● Similar to Private Networks in IPv4 ● FEC0:0:0:0:<interface identifier> – Global aggregatable address:
– IPv4-compatible: i.e. 2201:0468:1300:000a::136.145.54.100/64
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IPv6 Address Types
● Multicast Address:
– The multicast address specifies a set of interfaces, possibly at multiple locations.
– Prefix: FF00::/8 ● Anycast Address:
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– Uses global unicast address.
– One-to-nearest. More than one device share the same address.
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EUI-64 in IPv6 EUI = Extended Unique Identifier
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IPv6 Tutorial
The first step is to convert the 48-bit MAC address to a 64-bit value. To do this, we break the MAC address into its two 24-bit halves: the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) and the NIC specific part. The 16-bit hex value 0xFFFE is then inserted between these two halves to form a 64-bit address.
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EUI-64 in IPv6
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IPv6 Tutorial
The second step is to invert the universal/local (U/L) flag (bit 7) in the OUI portion of the address. A 1 in that place indicates the MAC address is unique.