La lecture à portée de main
Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement
Je m'inscrisDécouvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement
Je m'inscrisDescription
Sujets
Informations
Publié par | johannes_gutenberg-universitat_mainz |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2009 |
Nombre de lectures | 8 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 5 Mo |
Extrait
Neural network activity in
the neonatal acute slice,
slice culture and cell culture
Dissertation
Zur Erlangung des Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
Am Fachbereich Biologie
Der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz
vorgelegt von
Jyh-Jang Sun
geb. am 11.04.1974 in Taiwan
Mainz, 2009
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 08.June.2009
“Consciousness is a biological process. “
Eric R. Kandel
Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents................................................................................................................. 1
Abbreviations.............................................................................................. 3
List of figures.............................................. 4
1. Introduction............................................................................................. 6
The early cortical neuronal networks........................................................ 6
The formation of oscillations........................................................................................... 7
Spontaneous oscillations in the early stages of development ........................................ 11
Spontaneoand the formation of early neuronal networks ...................... 11
Spike-dependent neuronal code ..................................................................................... 12
Studying the “sequence coding” hypothesis in micro-electrode arrays......................... 15
Questions........................................................................................................................ 16
2. Materials ............................................................................................... 17
Chemicals............................................... 17
Equipment.............................................................................................. 19
Software ................................................. 20
3. Methods................................................................................................. 21
Preparation and MEA recording in acute brain slices .......................... 21
Preparation recordings of organotypic neocortical slice cultures ................. 23
Preparation and MEA recording of primary cell cultures.............................................. 25
Data Analysis......................................................................................... 27
4. Results........................................................................................................................... 37
Spatio-temporal dynamics of oscillatory network activity in the acute neonatal
mouse cerebral cortex .................................................................................................... 37
Spatio-temporal properties of spontaneous oscillatory network activity ..................37
Spontaneous network oscillations depend on gap junctional coupling.....................41
Electrical stimulation of the SP elicits oscillatory network activity..........................42
Cholinergic network oscillations ...............................................................................43
Neural activity in cultured neonatal mouse cerebral cortex................... 45
Electrophysiological characterization of spontaneous network activity in
neocortical slice cultures ...........................................................................................45
2+Activation of L-type Ca channels...........................46
1
Table of contents
The NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B have different effects......................48
Role of GABA-A receptors in spontaneous network activity .....................................50
Role of neuronal gap-junctions in spontaneous network activity..............................51
Self-organization of recurrent spike patterns in developing neural networks in vitro... 53
Spontaneous activity during the development of cultured neural networks ..............53
Repetitive spike patterns during the development of cultured neural networks ........55
Hub neurons, lead neurons, stop neurons and functional connectivity.....................57
Primary and merged patterns ....................................................................................59
5. Discussion..................................................................................................................... 61
Spatio-temporal dynamics of oscillatory network activity in the acute neonatal
mouse cerebral cortex .................................................................................................... 61
Propagating and non-propagating oscillatory activity .............................................62
Why should the neonatal cerebral cortex oscillate?..........................64
Neural activity in organotypic slice cultures of the neonatal mouse cerebral cortex .... 65
Pharmacological modulation on spontaneous oscillations .......................................66
Self-organization of recurrent spike patterns in developing neural networks in vitro... 67
Internally generated repetitive spike patterns ...........................................................67
Mechanisms of repetitive spike patterns............................................68
Repetitive spike patterns in brain slices and in vivo..................................................69
6. Summary............................................................................................... 70
Reference list ........................................................................................... 71
Acknowledgments............................................................. 86
Curriculum vitae ................................................................................................. 87
Appendix............................................................................ 92
Matlab codes .................................................................................................................. 92
Time-frequency colormap by wavelet ........................................................................92
Template-matching algorithm.............................................................93
Auto- cross-correlation in spikes...............................................................................96
2
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
α Alpha frequency range (8-13 Hz)
β Beta frequency range (13-30 Hz)
γ Gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz)
δ Delta frequency range (0.5-4 Hz)
θ Theta frequency range (4-7 Hz)
ACh Acetylcholine
ACSF Artificial cerebrospinal fluid
ADC Analogue-to-digital conversion
AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
ANOVA Analysis of variance
AP Action potential
BI Burst index
CP Cortical plate
EPSP Excitatory postsynaptic potential
GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
ICPs Internal cognitive processes
ISI Inter-spike interval
Hz Hertz
LFP Local field potential
MEA Micro-electrode arrays
MZ Marginal zone
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
PP Preplate
REM Rapid eye movement
SP Subplate
SVZ Subventricular zone
VZ Ventricular zone
3
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. Formation of early neuronal networks relies on genetic information and on
electrical activity.............................................................................................6
Figure 2. The formation of the cerebellar neocortex.. ...................................................8
Figure 3. EEG rhythms in humans...............................................................................10
Figure 4. Main models of neuronal coding..................................................................13
Figure 5. The “phase sequence” hypothesis ...............14
Figure 6. The “binding theory” hypothesis..................................................................15
Figure 7. Overview of the MEA setup.................................................22
Figure 8. 3-D MEA..............................................................................22
Figure 9. Planar MEA..................................................................................................26
Figure 10. The chamber designed for long-term recording of cell cultures on planar
MEA...........................................................................................................27
Figure 11. Spike detection and sorting. ...............................................29
Figure 12. Detection of repetitive spike patterns.................................30
Figure 13. Determination of appropriate surrogate parameters...................................32
Figure 14. Detections of hub, lead and stop neurons and neuronal connections.........35
Figure 15. Local, non-propagating spontaneous network oscillations in the newborn