Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and their parent-PAHs in soil [Elektronische Ressource] : analysis, sources and fate / Benjamin Acham Musa Bandowe

Bandowe

Informations

• Publié par: johannes_gutenberg-universitat_mainz
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

Extrait

Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(OPAHs) and their parent-PAHs in soil
- analysis, sources and fate -

Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades
“Doktor der Naturwissenschaften”
(im Promotionsfach Chemie)

am Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.

Benjamin Acham Musa Bandowe, M. Sc.,

geboren in Ghana.
Leader
Dekan:
1. Berichterstatter:
2. Berichterstatter:

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2010

ILeader
Contents
Contents………………………………………………………………………………………..II
List of tables.................................................................................................................... VI
List of figures ................................................................................................................VIII
List of abbreviations ..........................................................................................................X
Acknowlegements .........................................................................................................XIII
Summary.......................................................................................................................XIV
ZussammenfassungXV
A Summarizing overview ...........................................................................................1
1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................2
1.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ................................................................2
1.2 Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs)...............................4
1.3 Objectives.................................................................................................................9
2 Materials and methods ............................................................................................11
2.1 Standards and chemicals .........................................................................................11
2.2 Study sites and sampling11
2.3 Physico-chemical characterization of soils ..............................................................12
2.4 Calculations, compound properties and statistical analysis ......................................12
2.5 Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygen-containing
derivatives and metabolites in soil (Section B) ........................................................13
2.6 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygen-containing derivatives
and metabolites (OPAHs) in soils from the Angren industrial Region, Uzbekistan
(Section C)..............................................................................................................14
2.7 Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and their parent-
PAHs in Urban soils of Bratislava, Slovakia (Section D).........................................15
3 Results and Discussion............................................................................................16
3.1 Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygen-containing
derivatives and metabolites in soils (Section B).......................................................16
3.2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygen-containing derivatives
and metabolites (OPAHs) in soils from the Angren industrial area, Uzbekistan
(Section C)..............................................................................................................17
3.3 Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and their parent-
PAHs in urban soils of Bratislava, Slovakia (Section D)..........................................19
II Leader
3.4 Concentration, composition pattern, sources and vertical transport of OPAHs in soils
...............................................................................................................................20
3.5 Quality control and error discussion........................................................................22
4 General conclusions ................................................................................................23
5 References ..............................................................................................................25
B Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and their Oxygen-Containing
Derivatives and Metabolites in Soils.....................................................................34
1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................35
2 Introduction ............................................................................................................36
3 Materials and Methods............................................................................................39
3.1 Soil Samples...........................................................................................................39
3.2 Chemicals and Reagents..........................................................................................39
3.3 Pressurized Liquid Extraction.................................................................................40
3.4 Clean-up/Fractionation and Derivatization..............................................................41
3.5 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry ...............................................................41
3.6 Quantification of Target Compounds ......................................................................42
3.7 Recovery Experiments and Measurement of Certified Reference Material ..............43
3.8 Method Application................................................................................................43
3.9 Quality Assurance/Control......................................................................................44
4 Results and Discussion............................................................................................44
4.1 Method performance...............................................................................................44
4.1.1 Accuracy and precision of the carbonyl-OPAHs analysis................................44
4.1.2 Accuracy and precision of the hydroxyl/carboxyl-OPAHs analysis.................47
4.1.3 Accuracy and precision of the parent PAHs....................................................49
4.1.4 Limits of detection (LOD)..............................................................................50
4.2 Concentrations of PAHs and OPAHs in selected soil samples .................................52
5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................53
6 Acknowlegments ....................................................................................................54
7 References ..............................................................................................................54
8 Supplemental information (Section B) ....................................................................60
C Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygen-containing derivatives and
metabolites (OPAHs) in soils from the Angren industrial area, Uzbekistan ......64
1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................65
III Leader
2 Introduction ............................................................................................................66
3 Materials and methods ............................................................................................68
3.1 Description of study location...................................................................................68
3.2 Soil sampling and properties ...................................................................................69
3.3 PAH and OPAH analyses........................................................................................71
3.3.1 Target compounds..........................................................................................71
3.3.2 Analytical method71
3.4 Quality assurance and quality control......................................................................72
3.5 Calculations and compound properties....................................................................73
4 Results....................................................................................................................73
4.1 PAH and OPAH concentrations ..............................................................................73
4.2 Correlations among PAH, OPAH, C , and heavy metal concentrations .................79 org
4.3 Concentration ratios of OPAHs to parent-PAHs……………………………………81
4.4 Depth distribution of PAHs and OPAHs in relation to their hydrophobicity ............83
5 Discussion ..............................................................................................................85
5.1 Spatial distribution of PAH concentrations and relationship with heavy metals .......85
5.2 Spatial variation of the relationship of OPAHs with PAHs and heavy metals ..........88
5.3 Mobility of OPAHs as compared to PAHs ........................................