Annexe 36 - Etude de cas Exmoor

Comm/Agri

Informations

• Publié par: Sosul
• Nombre de lectures: 30
• Langue: English

Extrait

University of Gloucestershire, UK









EVALUATION DES MESURES
AGRO-ENVIRONNEMENTALES


AGRI/ G4/ 2004








ANNEXE 36 : ETUDE DE CAS EXMOOR









Novembre 2005







Janet Dwyer and Peter Grey, Countryside and Community Research Unit, University of Gloucestershire
Dunholme Villa, The Park, Cheltenham. G50 2RH Etude de cas - Exmoor
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CONTEXT OF AEM IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CASE STUDY AREAS: EAST ANGLIA AND
EXMOOR, ENGLAND............................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Arable Stewardship Case Study, East Anglia................................................................ 1
1.3. Characterisation of the Area........................................................................................... 2
1.4. AEM in the Area .............................................................................................................. 4
1.4.1 Basic structure of the Arable options added into CSS from 2002............................................... 4
1.4.2 Management Measures................................................................................................................ 5
1.5. History of the development of the arable options.......................................................... 7
1.5.1 Scheme Uptake in the area .......................................................................................................... 7
1.6. The Exmoor ESA Case Study, SW England.................................................................. 8
1.6.1 Environmental importance .......................................................................................................... 9
1.7. Farming in the ESA........................................................................................................ 10
1.8. Threats to the environment from agricultural change ............................................... 10
1.9. Population in Exmoor .................................................................................................... 11
1.10. ESA objectives and structure ........................................................................................ 12
1.10.1 AEM Measures.......................................................................................................................... 13
1.11. Monitoring ......................................................................................................................14
1.11.1 Scheme Uptake in the area ........................................................................................................ 15
2. PRÉSENTATION OF THE FARMER INTERVIEWS............................................................ 16
2.1. GLOBAL ANALYSES................................................................................................... 16
2.1.1 AS Cambridgeshire farmers summary....................................................................................... 16
2.1.2 Exmoor ESA farmers summary................................................................................................. 20
2.1.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 24
3. ANSWERS TO EVALUATION QUESTIONS....................................................................... 25
3.1. Theme nº 1: Environmental impacts of agri-environmental measures - Sub-theme nº
1: biodiversity ............................................................................................................................. 25
3.1.1 Q 1: To what extent has biodiversity (species richness) been maintained or enhanced by agri-
environmental measures? ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.2. Thème nº 1: Environmental impacts of Sub-theme nº
3: Landscape............................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1 Q 8: to what extent have rural landscapes been maintained or enhanced by agri-environmental
measures? ............................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3. Theme nº 2a: Institutional and contextual issues which determine the success of
agri-environmental policy.......................................................................................................... 38
3.3.1 Q 9: To what extent have institutional structures and working methods at all levels in the
Member states facilitate/hindered the construction of good quality agri-environmental programmes and
measures?......................... 38
3.3.2 Q 10: To what extent is funding for agri-environmental programmes and measures adequate
(e.g. in the EU contribution, Member states budget, Regional budget, payment levels for farmers, etc.)
and how has the level of funding influenced uptake and programme quality ? ..................................... 44
3.3.3 Q 11: To what extent is the monitoring, evaluation and control of agri-environmental measures
in place in the Member states adequate to the task? To what extent have the results of monitoring and
Etude de cas - Exmoor
evaluation been used to improve programmes? What lessons can be learned from best practices on
monitoring, evaluation and control?....................................................................................................... 45
3.3.4 Q 12: To what extent have other implementation or contextual factors (such as the attitude
towards/knowledge about agri-environment at all levels in the Member states, the level of GFP, other
CAP/EU measures, minimum 5-years contracts, farmers as the only beneficiaries, etc.) influenced
programmes uptake and environment effectiveness? ............................................................................. 46
3.4. Theme nº 2b: Economic efficiency of measures. Payment mechanism...................... 47
3.4.1 Q 13: What differences are there in the budget spending and the administrative effort of
different measures having similar environmental outcomes? How could less efficient measure be
improved? What lessons can be learned from very efficient measures (best practices)? ....................... 47
3.4.2 Q 14: Is the present way of applying payment mechanism (based on costs incurred plus income
foregone plus an incentive where necessary) suited to achieving the desired environmental outcome?
Do payment reflect costs incurred and income foregone? Are incentive payments when used, being
justified? Can any improvements be suggested to the payment mechanism, which would maintain
compatibility with WTO rules? .............................................................................................................. 49
3.5. Theme nº 3: The socio-economic impact of agri-environmental measures............... 51
3.5.1 Q 15: To what extent have agri-environmental measures provided farmers with opportunity of
a gainful activity (provision of environmental services)? To what extent have they contributed to
enhancing the image of agriculture as a provider of services to society?............................................... 51
3.6. Theme nº 4: Objectives and targeting of agri-environmental measures ................... 54
3.6.1 Q 16: To what extent agri-environmental measures designed with clear environmental
objectives? To what extent have Member states and Regions chosen to target their agri-environmental
measures to areas and topics covered by Community environmental legislation or objectives? ........... 54
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATIONS ..................................................................... 55
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 57
Annex 1: List of key contacts for the case studies ................................................................... 57
Annex 2: Bibliography............................................................................................................... 58
Annex 3: Farmer interviews - completed survey forms.......................................................... 59
Interview guide for farmers .................................................................................................................... 59 ers 64 ers................ 70 ers 75 ers................ 81
Interview guide for farmers 87 ers................ 93 ers 99 ers.............. 105 ers .................................................................................................... 111

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1. Basic structure of the ASPS options offered 1998-2000............................................................. 4
Table 2. Uptake figures for ASPS area in East Anglia.............................................................................. 7
Table 3. Areas in agreement by Option (ha)...................................................