Social policy in Central and Eastern Europe: the emergence of a new European model of solidarity? [Elektronische Ressource] / Alfio Cerami

Cerami, Alfio

Sujets

• Soziologie

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_erfurt
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 24
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

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Universität Erfurt
Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät


SOCIAL POLICY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE.
THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW EUROPEAN MODEL OF SOLIDARITY?


Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Sozialwissenschaft (Dr.rer.pol.)
der Universität Erfurt, Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät



Alfio Cerami


2005























1 Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Frank Ettrich
2. Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jürgen G. Backhaus
eingereicht: 10.5.2004
Datum der Disputation: 14.1.2005

Latest revision of this book: 14.03.2005




© Alfio Cerami 2005


All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or
photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the author.



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urn:nbn:de:gbv:547-200500088
[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A547-200500088]



















2 Contents


Introduction 10
A Brief Overview of East Central Europe 10
The Political Transition of 1990s 12
The Electoral Behaviour 13
A New Wave of Democratization 22
The Consolidation of Democratic Institutions 24
Main Objectives of this Study 25
The Research Design 27
Organization of the Book 29
Acknowledgments 30


Part I 31


Chapter 1 32
The Theory of Welfare 32
Introduction 32
1.1 The Class-Based Origins of Modern Social Policies 32
1.2 Theories of Welfare State Dynamics 35
2. Social Policy under Communism 38
2.1 The Soviet Economy 38
2.2 Social Stratification under Communism 39
2.3 Communist Social Policy 40
3. Welfare State Classifications 42
Conclusion 45


Chapter 2 46
Path Dependency, Social Policy Vacuum, Institutions and Innovation:
Toward a Neoclassical Social Policy 46
Introduction 46
1.1 Path-dependencyTheory
1.2 New Institutionalism and Neoclassical Sociology 49
1.3 Actors and Strategies in the Making of Post-Communist Social Policy 52
1.3.1 The European Union and the Enlargement 53
1.3.2 World Bank 56
1.3.3 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 59
1.3.4 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 61
1.3.5 Other Actors: ILO, WHO, WTO, International Non-State
Actors (ICCs and INGOs), Private Insurance Companies 63
1.4 Domestic Actors, Freedom of Choice and Social Policy Vacuum 66
Conclusion: Toward a Neoclassical Social Policy 69




PART II 71




3 Chapter 3 72
Pension Sector 72
Introduction
1. Political Background 72
2. Country Overview 75
2.1 Bulgaria 75
2.2 Czech Republic 76
2.3 Estonia 77
2.4 Hungary 78
2.5 Latvia 79
2.6 Lithuania 80
2.7 Poland 81
2.8 Romania 82
2.9 Slovakia 83
2.10 Slovenia 84
3. Problems regarding the pension sector 85
Conclusion 87

Chapter 4 89
Health Care Systems 89
Introduction 89
1. CountryOverview 90
1.1 Bulgaria 90
1.2 Czech Republic 91
1.3 Estonia 92
1.4 Hungary 93
1.5 Latvia 94
1.6 Lithuania 95
1.7 Poland
1.8 Romania 97
1.9 Slovakia
1.10 Slovenia 98
2. Challenges of Transition 99
Conclusion 102

Chapter 5 103
Protection against Unemployment 103
Introduction
1. The Performance of Labour Markets in Central and Eastern Europe 104
2. Country Overview 110
2.1 Bulgaria 110
2.2 Czech Republic 111
2.3 Estonia 112
2.4 Hungary
2.5 Latvia 113
2.6 Lithuania 114
2.7 Poland
2.8 Romania 115
2.9 Slovakia
2.10 Slovenia 117
3. The Systems of Protection against Unemployment in Comparison 117
Conclusion
120


4
Chapter 6 121
Social Assistance 121
Introduction
1. Contemporary Social Assistance Schemes 122
2. Country Overview 123
2.1 Bulgaria 123
2.2 Czech Republic
2.3 Estonia 124
2.4 Hungary
2.5 Latvia 125
2.6 Lithuania 126
2.7 Poland
2.8 Romania 127
2.9 Slovakia 128
2.10 Slovenia 129
3. Problems regarding the social assistance sector 129
Conclusion 131

Chapter 7 133
FamilyBenefits
1. Family Policies
2. Family Policies during Communism 134
3. The Adaptation of the State Socialist Family Model 135
4. Country Overview 135
4.1 Bulgaria 136
4.2 Czech Republic 137
4.3 Estonia 137
4.4 Hungary
4.5 Latvia 138
4.6 Lithuania
4.7 Poland 139
4.8 Romania
4.9 Slovakia
4.10 Slovenia 140
5. Problems regarding the family benefit sector 140
Conclusion 142


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF PART TWO 143


Part III 145


Chapter 8 146
Quantifying the Support for a Socially Responsible Welfare State 146
1.1 The Cultural-Civilization Approach 146
1.2 Methodology 147
2. The Data 148
2.1. Countryfocus 148
2.2 Vote Last Election 152
2.3. Opinions according to the professional activity 154
Conclusion 157

5



Chapter 9 159
The Impact of Social Transfers 159
Introduction
1. Method
2. Previous Research and Possible Methodological Problems 163
3. Monitoring the Impact of Social Transfers 165
3.1 Monitoring the Change in Social Inequality in Central
and Eastern Europe 165
3.2 Monitoring the Impact of Social 170
4. Discussion 175
Conclusion 178

Conclusion 179
180
The New Welfare Consensus 180
Globalization and the Issue of “Social Dumping” 181
The Europeanization of National Social Policies 184
Conclusion 188

Appendix 190
Bibliography 194
List of Useful Web Sites 219
INDEX 223

List of Tables
Table 1.1: Ever worked part time in agriculture?% 104
Table 1.2: Fraction of income from agriculture?% 104
Table 1.3: Fraction of food from agriculture? % 104
Table 1.4: Real GDP 106 1.5: Occupied population 106
Table 1.6: Unemployment rate (% Labour Force 15+) by sex 107 2.1: ISSP among countries 151
Table 2.2: ISSP among decile groups 152
Table 2.3: voters 154
Table 2.4: ISSP within professional activity 157
Table 3.1: LIS summary of income variable 161
Table 3.2: LIS summary of benefits 162
Table 4.1: The EU Two-Tier System: The Single Market Oriented Model 187
Table A 1: LIS Datasets used 190
Table A 2.1: Decile Shares 190
Table A 2.2: Percentiles DPI 191
Table A 3: Gini coefficient 191
Table A 3.1: Change in overall poverty rates DPI &
DPI minus social transfers 192
Table A 3.2: Change in poverty among unemp.ben.
beneficiaries with and without benefits 192
Table A 3.3: Chay among means-tested beneficiaries
with and without benefits 193
Table A 3.4: Change in poverty among family support beneficiaries
wianwi
6






List of Figures
Fig. 1.1: Employment by occupation & (ISCO-88 regrouped) 108
Fig. 1.2 Employyon: change 1995-2000
within group (ISCO-88 regrouped) 109
Fig. 2.1: Share of total disposable income within decile groups 166
Fig. 2.2: Distance between 10th and 90th percentile
(adjusted disposable income) 168
Fig. 2.3: Gini coefficient 169
Fig. 3.1: Poverty rates with and without social transfers
among total population 172
Fig. 3.2: Poverty rates with and with unemployment compensation
among UC beneficiaries 173
Fig. 3.3: Poverty rates with and without means-tested among
MT beneficiaries 174
Fig. 3.4: Poverty rates with and without family benefits among
FB beneficiaries 175

List of Abbreviations
CAP Common Agricultural Policy
CEE Central a