The role of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced early and late stage diabetes mellitus in the rat (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout 1769) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Maria Christina Wendt

Maria Wendt

Sujets

• Gesundheit

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_hamburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 33
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-
induced Early and Late Stage Diabetes Mellitus in
the Rat (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout 1769)




Dissertation


zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
- Dr. rer. nat -
des Fachbereichs Biologie
der Universität Hamburg


vorgelegt von


Maria Christina Wendt

aus Hamburg





Hamburg 2005


Acknowledgments

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following people:

Prof Dr Thomas Münzel, for giving me the opportunity to do my PhD in his laboratory, for
his guidance and unfailing support throughout and for always making time when there was
none. Prof Münzel, I am especially indebted to you for your continuous financial support, even
when times were tough. I greatly appreciate the opportunity you gave me to present my results,
here and overseas, for always supporting collaborative work and thereby allowing me to gain
further experience in different laboratories, in my opinion an essential necessity in the field of
research. I thank you for having allowed me the space to be creative and to follow my own
ideas and yet at the same time keeping me on track. The time in your laboratory has contributed
substantially to recognizing my future vocation, and I thank you for that.

Prof Alexander Mülsch, for appearing at the right place at the right time. I have great respect
for your critical and sincere approach to science and would like to thank you for your time as
well as for the constructive and valuable discussions we have had.

Claudia Kuper, who, together with Hartwig made the need for a radio in the lab redundant –
8 hours of sole entertainment! What’s more, your contribution to my northern slang is
unmistakable! Thanks, Claudia for letting them ‘wriggle’ so relentlessly.

Hartwig Wieboldt, the Inspector, whose balanced nature and extraordinary organisational
skills were indispensable for the smooth running of the laboratory (and the people in it). Thank
you for frequently helping me to put things back into perspective and above all, of course, I
owe to you my future career! I will do my best so that you get your share of the deal.

Andreas Daiber, for the many so essential scientific discussions and for bringing the vast
• •- chemical reactions of NO and O a little closer to my heart. 2

Matthias Oelze, who would drop everything to help, unconditionally, anytime, anywhere and
with anything - a rare quality. I don’t know where life’s path will lead us, but Hamburg is not
that big so I am sure we will smell each other out before long.

Michael August, for always lending an ear when things didn’t work the way they should and
of course for the many hours spent on solving the so frustrating computer hiccups.

Andrei Kleschyov, for the late evening brainstorming sessions. Life will be ‘so strange’
without you and your ‘ironDETC’.

Meike Coldewey, Denise Lau, Eberhard Schulz, Karsten Sydow, Uli Hink, Hanke
Mollnau, Stefan Baldus, Natalie Obermeyer and Anna Mazur and all other colleagues, past
and present, who shared with me the many turbulent as well as joyous times that research
brings with it. I thank you all for a terrific working atmosphere, for all the fun and laughter and
for seeing this through with me in every way.

Kati Szöcs, for her strong moral support, for always being there to discuss anything at all and
for trying so hard to occasionally get my mind off things. Its great to have you here, although
NOTHING will live up to the times we have had in Atlanta!

All my many dear friends, here and across the miles, who stuck this out with me. A huge
thank you for all the letters, emails and calls and thanks too for all your patience. Things will be
different from now on, I promise……

And finally my mother, whose enduring love, remarkable wisdom and amazing strength as
well undying faith, day in and day out, near and afar, are the grounds on which this work was
accomplished.

And the one who made all this possible: Thank you J.C.! Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1
1.1 Diabetes mellitus .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Type 1 diabetes ................................................................................................................ 2
1.1.2 Type 2 diabetes......... 2
1.1.3 Clinical manifestation of diabetes................................................................................... 3
1.2 Endothelial (dys)function...................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 The endothelium....... 3
1.2.2 Normal endothelial function and vasorelaxation ........................................................... 4
1.2.3 Endothelial dysfunction................................................................................................... 9
1.3 Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction..................................................................... 9
1.3.1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS)...................................................................................... 9
1.3.2 Enzymatic ROS sources ................................................................................................ 11
1.3.3 ROS, endothelial dysfunction and diabetes mellitus ................................................... 15
1.4 Aim of the study ................................................................................................................... 19
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..............................................................................20
2.1 Materials................................................................................................................................ 20
2.1.1 Chemicals....................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.2 Kits and Assay Solutions............................................................................................... 20
2.1.3 Antibodies ...................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.4 Consumables.................................................................................................................. 21
2.1.5 Instruments.......... 21
2.1.6 Software ......................................................................................................................... 22
2.2 Methods ................................................................................................................................. 22
2.2.1 Animals .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Tissue preparation.......................................................................................................... 23
2.2.3 Isometric tension studies ............................................................................................... 24
2.2.4 Determination of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in serum............... 25
2.2.5 Protein measurements according to the method of Bradford ...................................... 25
2.2.6 sGC activity of aortic homogenates.............................................................................. 25
2.2.7 cGMP/cAMP enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) of aortic tissue......................................... 26
2.2.8 Cryosectioning of aortic rings....................................................................................... 27
2.2.9 Oxidative fluorescent microtopography ....................................................................... 27
2.2.10 Immunofluorescent histochemistry ............................................................................. 28
2.2.11 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blot analysis .......... 28
2.2.12 Chemiluminescent detection of ROS with lucigenin, coelenterazine and L-012...... 32
2.2.13 Measurement of NADPH-dependent oxidase(s) activity in membrane fractions of
heart and aorta ............................................................................................................................ 32
2.2.14 Measurement of vascular NO by electronparamagnetic resonance (EPR) spin
trapping....................................................................................................................................... 33
- -2.2.15 DAN assay for the detection of nitrite (NO ) and nitrate (NO ) in serum ............... 34 2 3
2.2.16 Statistical analysis......................................................................................................... 34
3 RESULTS ...............................................................................................................35
3.1 Blood glucose levels and body weights............................................................................. 35
3.2 Isometric tension studies .......................................