The survival of a Malagasy lemur species Propithecus verreauxi coquereli in captivity [Elektronische Ressource] : the vital role of a self-selected plant diet / von Annette Abhau

Annette Wieviorka

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_carolo-wilhelmina_zu_braunschweig
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 51
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

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The survival of a Malagasy lemur species
Propithecus verreauxi coquereli
in captivity:
The vital role of a self-selected plant diet
Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften
der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina
zu Braunschweig
zur Erlangung des Grades einer
Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften
(Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigte
D i s s e r t a t i o n
von Annette Abhau
aus Mülheim an der Ruhr1. Referent: Professor Dr. Thomas Hartmann
2. Referent: Professor Dr. Dieter Strack
3. Referentin: Professor Dr. Joyce A. Powzyk
eingereicht am: 19.12.2006
mündliche Prüfung (Disputation) am: 25.04.2007
Druckjahr 2007Vorveröffentlichungen der Dissertation
Teilergebnisse aus dieser Arbeit wurden mit Genehmigung der Fakultät für
Lebenswissenschaften, vertreten durch den Mentor der Arbeit, in folgenden Beiträgen vorab
veröffentlicht:
Vorträge:
Abhau, A.: Secondary compounds in the feeding plants of Propithecus verreauxi coquereli.
Duke University Lemur Center, N.C., USA (1997).
Abhau, A.: Secondary compounds in the feeding plants of Propithecus verreauxi coquereli.
2. Kurt-Mothes-Doktoranden-Workshop, „Sekundärstoffwechsel“,
IPB, Halle / Saale, Deutschland (1998).For Marcella and Tiberius
«C’est principalement le sens de l’odorat, dont l’étude vient de nous occuper, qui guide
les Indrisinés dans le choix de leurs aliments; le goût y est peu de chose, car, le plus
souvent, c’est après avoir flairé un fruit ou une feuille qu’ils le rejettent sans l’avoir
porté à leur bouche. En captivité, il est fort difficile de nourrir ces animaux; ils refusent
presque tous les aliments qu’on leur voit d’abord approcher de leur narines, puis
abandonner aussitôt sans y avoir goûté.»
(Milne Edwards A. et A. Grandidier,
1875. Vol. VI. Histoire Naturelle Des Mammifères, p.226)Acknowledgements i
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Thomas Hartmann (Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig), who has always supported my project
and spent many hours discussing my work. I am very happy that he said “yes” to the idea of
my project, yet the outcome was not clear at the time of starting.
I am greatly indebted to my co-corrector Prof. Dr. Dieter Strack (Leibniz-Institut für
Pflanzenbiochemie, IPB, Halle / Saale), who was very generous in supporting my analytical
work. All HPLC analyses were performed at his laboratory and he provided me with all the
necessary equipment. I would also like to thank his team, especially Dr. Alfred Baumert who
was invaluable in helping to solve any analytical problem, and Dr. Thomas Fester, who was
so kind in assisting with both the executing of the gel-electrophoresis experiments and getting
things organised in Halle.
My project could not have started without the invitation of Prof. Dr. Ken Glander to visit the
Duke University Lemur Center, previously known as Duke University Primate Center, North
Carolina, USA. His personal support and far-sightedness as director and as researcher were
decisive for the initiation and continuance of my project. I wish to express my extreme
gratitude to him and his wife Molly, who I knew to be a kind and generous person. I will
always keep Molly in my memory.
This work could not have been completed without the experience and help of numerous
researchers that were integral at various stages of the project:
Prof. Dr. Robert L. Wilbur at the Botany Greenhouses of the Duke University identified the
plant species I had collected from the outdoor enclosures at the Primate Center. Much respect
for both his kindness and his straightforwardness in assisting me to identify the plant species
collected. Dr. Beverly Calhoun at the Botany Greenhouses and Mike McGowan, Duke
University Phytotron, collected additional plant material for my analyses when I had already
returned to Germany.
I am largely obliged to all the scientists who took their time and resources for mass
spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic measurements for structure elucidation of the
numerous compounds I had isolated through HPLC analyses. I am indebted to their kindness
and their willingness to discuss spectra and any other problems:
So, I wish to thank Dr. Jürgen Schmidt (MS-Labor, IPB, Halle / Saale), who performed the
majority of mass spectrometric measurements as well as the LC-MS measurements. Various
additional mass spectrometric measurements were performed by Dr. Hans-Martin Schiebel
and Mrs. Doris Döring (MS-Labor der Chemischen Institute der Technischen Universität
Braunschweig), and by Dr. Thomas Dülcks (MS-Labor, Institut für Organische Chemie,
Universität Bremen).
Dr. Schiebel deserves a special note of appreciation for spending innumerable hours in
solving sophisticated problems within mass spectrometry, and helping me to get additional
contacts to solve new raising problems. And least I forget the wonderful tea-time at the mass
laboratory which was always a welcome opportunity to take part in fruitful discussions. Dr.
Schiebel also lent a hand for me to contact the team of Prof. Dr. D. Leibfritz (Institut für
Organische Chemie, Universität Bremen), which was closer to my residence and afforded me
more time with my family and children’s education. He also assisted me in contactingii Acknowledgements
Dr. Manfred Nimtz (Gesellschaft für biotechnologische Forschung, GBF, Braunschweig) and
regularly travelled between the Universities of Braunschweig and Bremen, all the while
plying me with much needed support and news from Braunschweig. This allowed me to meet
Dr. Thomas Dülcks, who performed additional mass spectrometric experiments and was
partner to engaging discussions.
GC and GC-MS measurements were performed by Dr. Ludger Witte (MS-Labor der
Chemischen Institute der Technischen Universität Braunschweig). I am indebted to his
support and astute discussions and I was deeply saddened to learn of his untimely death.
For NMR-spectroscopic measurements I am greatly obliged to Prof. Dr. Ludger Ernst (NMR-
Labor der Chemischen Institute der Technischen Universität Braunschweig), and his assistant
Mrs. Petra Holba-Schulz, for performing the majority of the NMR measurements. Prof. Ernst
spent much time to solve problems raising during the interpretation of the NMR spectra. At
the University of Bremen I received additional support from the team of Prof. Leibfritz: and
my thanks go out to Dr. Werner Offermann, Dipl. Ing. Johannes Stelten and Dr. Wienand
Willker.
For microbiological experiments I wish to thank the PanLabs Inc., and much gratitude to Dr.
Ulf Preuschoff and Dr. Samuel David, Solvay Arzneimittel GmbH, for their engagement in
making these experiments possible. My thanks go also to Dr. Thomas Vieregge (Zentrale
Einrichtung für Tierhaltung der Technischen Universität, Braunschweig), for his support in
performing microbiological assays, and it was he who introduced me to Dr. Marie-Luise Enss
(Medizinische Hochschule, Hanover, MHH), a most generous woman.
Thanks to Dr. Enss, that the plant mucilage detected in one of the major lemur food plants
could be isolated. We had numerous enlightened discussions on possible pharmacological
aspects related to the gastrointestinal tract. The initial GC analyses on the plant mucilage were
carried out at the laboratory of Dr. Blaskowitz and Dr. Kownatzki (MHH).
Additionally, I am much obliged to Dr. Manfred Nimtz (GBF, Braunschweig), who
performed the mass spectrometric experiments on the plant mucilage and took many hours
from his busy schedule to introduce me into carbohydrate chemistry.
I am greatly obliged to Prof. Dr. Manfred Coenen (Institut für Tierernährung der
Tierärztlichen Hochschule, Hanover), and Peter Rust, head of the laboratory, for investigating
the nutritional components of the food plants. Prof. Coenen provided me with grass meal, that
was utilised as auxiliary agent to press tablets with the groups of chemical compounds
identified in the lemur food.
I also wish to thank the team of Prof. Dr. Christel Müller-Goymann (Institut für
Pharmazeutische Technologie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig), for providing me
with the support and the equipment needed to further this investigation. And many thanks to
Mrs. Jahn, who helped me to press tablets for the proposed feeding choice experiments.
For the generous supply of Plantaginis ovatae testa and tannin albuminate and much desirable
literature, I wish to thank Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, and Knoll Deutschland GmbH / BASF
Pharma, now Dr. Rentschler Arzneimittel GmbH & Co., respectively. I also wish to
acknowledge the pharmaceutical companies Athenstaedt GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Gustav Klein,
and Dr. Loges & Co. GmbH, for providing me with the information needed for dosage
comparisons between their medicaments and the amounts of secondary compounds ingested
by the lemurs. For the provision of isolated chemical plant compounds for analytical purposes
(reference compounds) I am much obliged to Prof. Dr. G. G. Gross (Abteilung für Allgemeine
Botanik der Universität Ulm), and the team of Prof. Dr. Junei Kinjo (Kumamoto University,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan).
For all the proofreading