The origins of citizenship and individual rights in the Sharia courts of sixteenth-century Cairo In this book, the author examines sijills, the official documents of the Ottoman Islamic courts, to understand how sharia law, society and the early-modern economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Ottoman Cairo related to the practice of custom in determining rulings. In the sixteenth century, a new legal and cultural orthodoxy fostered the development of an early-modern Islam that broke new ground, giving rise to a new concept of the citizen and his role. Contrary to the prevailing scholarly view, this work adopts the position that local custom began to diminish and decline as a source of authority. These issues resonate today, several centuries later, in the continuing discussions of individual rights in relation to Islamic law. Introduction i: A Very Modern Crisis ii: Mapping the terrain iii: The Chapters iv: The Sources Chapter One The Empire in Theory Introduction i: the Empire in Historiography ii: the Empire in Theory Chapter Two Custom in Shari'a and in the Siyasati Ilahi (Celestial Siyasa) Introduction i: the "Good" and the "Detestable" in Islamic Law ii: Custom in Islamic legal theory iii: iii: the Siyasati Ilahi and Namus Laws Chapter Three The Construction of Orthodoxy: Renewal (Tajdid) & Renunciation (Takfir) Introduction Section i: Inter-Empire Trade and the Rise of Local Capital Section i: Takfir; The Intra-Muslim Jihad Section ii: Tajdid; The Social Conquest Chapter Four "This Sijill is a Hujja!" Mass Producing Documents in Ottoman-Cairo Introduction i: The Document Triumphant ii: The Document in Theory iii: The Sijill as Text and Testament iv: The Fusion of Speaking and Writing Chapter Five The Documented Life Introduction i: The Document in Stasis: Territorializing Shari'a ii: Archival Violence and Memory iii: The Document in Motion Chapter Six The Rights of God (Huquq Allah) "A Moral Transgression, not a Crime" Introduction i: The Hudud ii: The Threshold of Morality iii: Civil Marriage -the conditional clause -the deferred dower iv: Divorce and Annulment v: Waqf Chapter Seven The Rights of Man (Huquq al-Adamiyyin) Introduction i: Multiplicity and Conformity ii: Private Mu'amala; the Empire in the City iii: Public Mu'amalat; The Community in the Empire Conclusions Bibliography
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