Mediation Dilemma

Kyle Beardsley

Description

Mediation has become a common technique for terminating violent conflicts both within and between states; while mediation has a strong record in reducing hostilities, it is not without its own problems. In The Mediation Dilemma, Kyle Beardsley highlights its long-term limitations. The result of this oft-superficial approach to peacemaking, immediate and reassuring as it may be, is often a fragile peace. With the intervention of a third-party mediator, warring parties may formally agree to concessions that are insupportable in the long term and soon enough find themselves at odds again. Beardsley examines his argument empirically using two data sets and traces it through several historical cases: Henry Kissinger's and Jimmy Carter's initiatives in the Middle East, 1973-1979; Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 mediation in the Russo-Japanese War; and Carter's attempt to mediate in the 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis. He also draws upon the lessons of the 1993 Arusha Accords, the 1993 Oslo Accords, Haiti in 1994, the 2002 Ceasefire Agreement in Sri Lanka, and the 2005 Memorandum of Understanding in Aceh. Beardsley concludes that a reliance on mediation risks a greater chance of conflict relapse in the future, whereas the rejection of mediation risks ongoing bloodshed as war continues. The trade-off between mediation's short-term and long-term effects is stark when the third-party mediator adopts heavy-handed forms of leverage, and, Beardsley finds, multiple mediators and intergovernmental organizations also do relatively poorly in securing long-term peace. He finds that mediation has the greatest opportunity to foster both short-term and long-term peace when a single third party mediates among belligerents that can afford to wait for a self-enforcing arrangement to be reached.

Sujets

• Diplomacy
• Diplomatie (homonymie)

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 15 septembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780801462610
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

THEMEDIATION DILEMMA

Avolumeintheseries CornellStudiesinSecurityAffairs editedbyRobertJ.Art,RobertJervis,andStephenM.Walt

Alistoftitlesinthisseriesisavailableat www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

TheMediation Dilemma

CORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESS

KyleBeardsley

ITHACA AND LONDON

Cornell University Press gratefully acknowledges receipt of a subvention from the Emory College of Arts and Sciences and the Laney Graduate School at Emory University, which assisted in the publication of this book.

Copyright © 2011 by Cornell University

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,thisbook,orparts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2011 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Beardsley, Kyle, 1979–  The mediation dilemma / Kyle Beardsley.  p. cm. — (Cornell studies in security affairs)  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN 9780801450037 (cloth : alk. paper)  1. Mediation, International. 2. Conflict management. 3. Peace building. 4. Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes. 5. Pacific settlement of international disputes. I. Title. II. Series: Cornell studies in security affairs.  JZ6045.B43 2011  327.1'7—dc23 2011021224

CornellUniversityPressstrivestouseenvironmentallyresponsiblesuppliersand materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further informa tion, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

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ToJessica,mypeacemaker

ItisasiftherehadneverexistedeitherVoltaire,orMontaigne,or Pascal, or Swift, or Kant, or Spinoza, or hundreds of other writers who have exposed, with great force, the madness and futility of war, and have described its cruelty, immorality and savagery; and, above all, it is as if there had never existed Jesus and his teaching of human brotherhood and love of God and of men. One recalls all this to mind and looks around on what is now taking place, and one experiences horror less at the abominations of war than at that which is the most horrible of all horrors, the consciousness of the impotency of human reason. Leo Tolstoy,Letter on the RussoJapanese War,1904

Contents

Acknowledgments

1. The Dilemma 2. Negotiating Mediation 3. Why Accept Mediation? 4. Raison d’être: ShortTerm Benefits of Mediation 5. The Struggle for SelfEnforcing Peace 6. Mediation in Intrastate Conflicts 7. Implications, Applications, and Conclusions

Appendix References Index

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1 18 44 72 100 152 177

193 217 233

Acknowledgments

IamgratefulfortheinstutionalsupportprovidedbytheDepartmentofPolitical Science, the Emory College of Arts and Sciences, and the Laney Graduate School at Emory University. The availability of graduate research assistance, access to library resources, and offer of adequate research leave were instrumental in the completion of this research. Elizabeth Gallu, in the Author Development Program at Emory University, provided especially important feedback on an earlier draft. Nigel Lo provided extensive assistance with data collection and aggregation. The Emory College of Arts and Sciences and the Laney Graduate School generously provided matching subvention funds to offset the costs of publication. Itwouldnothavebeenpossibletocompletethisbookwithoutthefeedback and guidance of so many of my colleagues and friends. I am especially indebted to Dan Reiter, Michael Greig, Paul Hensel, Idean Salehyan, Cullen Hendrix, To bias Böhmelt, Nathan Danneman, Nigel Lo, and Allan Stam for carefully reading earlier versions and suggesting important insights on how to improve the expo sition. Holger Schmidt, Kristian Gleditsch, David Lake, Scott Gartner, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, Victor Asal, Sara Mitchell, Isak Svensson, Robert Rauchhaus, Paul Diehl, Cliff Carrubba, Jeff Staton, Eric Reinhardt, David Davis, Drew Linzer, Justin Esarey, and Jeffrey Gersh all served as invaluable sounding boards and sources of guidance on the project. I am also greatly appreciative of the feed back provided at various conferences, invited talks, and workshop presentations by Duncan Snidal, Charles Lipson, Andrew Enterline, Michael Tierney, David Dessler, Birger Heldt, Michael Lund, Stephen Gent, Megan Shannon, David Cun ningham, Michael Gilligan, Molly Melin, David Quinn, Bernd Beber, Ambassa dor Ahmed Maher, Ambassador Aly Maher El Sayed, and Ambassador Michael Sahlin. IthankRogerHaydon,KarenLaun,SusanBarnett,JulieNemer,Mahinder Kingra, and the editors of the Cornell Series in Security Affairs for their poignant comments and for their assistance at each stage in the manuscrupt development process.I am grateful for Judith Kip’s indexing work. Finally,Iamfortunatetohavehadboundlesssupportandencouragement from my wife Jessica, parents Robert and Katherine, parentsinlaw Conway and Weilie, and siblingsinlaw Jonathan, Julie, Jennifer, and Dominic. Itakepersonalresponsibilityforanyerrorsorommissionsintheresearch. Alas, I cannot take responsibility for the state of peace or conflict in our world.

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