Towards Continental Environmental Policy?

Description

What are the most important transnational governance arrangements for environmental policy in North America? Has their proliferation facilitated a transition towards integrated continental environmental policy, and if so, to what degree is this integration irreversible? These governance arrangements are diverse and evolving, consisting of binational and trinational organizations created decades ago by treaties and groups of stakeholders—with varying degrees of formalization—who work together to address issues that no single country can alone. Together they provide leadership in numerous areas of environmental concern, including invasive species, energy efficiency, water, and terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. This book explores these arrangements, examining features such as stakeholder inclusion, organizational activities and functions, and issue comprehensiveness. Overall, the contributors report an underdeveloped policy architecture consisting of fragmented regional transnational networks of stakeholders and underfunded binational and trinational organizations. They also show evidence of substantial policy entrepreneurship and a vibrant informal underbelly to North American environmental governance, which will be vital in the challenging days ahead.
List of Illustrations
List of Tables

Foreword
Irasema Coronado

Acknowledgments

1. Research on Transboundary Environmental Governance in North America: New Approaches to Existing and Emerging Challenges
Peter Stoett and Owen Temby

Part I: Bilateral and Trilateral Institutional Effectiveness

2. Navigating Overlap Management under NAFTA: The Role of the CEC Secretariat
Sikina Jinnah and Abby Lindsay

3. The CEC, Digital Divides, and Participatory Challenges in the U.S.- Mexican Borderlands
Suzanne Simon

4. The Absence of— and Need for— a Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment Agreement between the United States and Canada
Olivia Collins and William V. Kennedy

Part II: Biodiversity and Natural Resource Governance

5. The Evolution of Natural Resource Conservation Capacity on the U.S.- Mexican Border: Bilateral and
Trilateral Environmental Agreements since La Paz
Stephen P. Mumme

6. Biodiversity without Borders? Acknowledging and Overcoming Obstacles in the Transboundary
Governance of Endangered Species
Andrea Olive

7. Institutional Features of U.S.- Canadian Transboundary Fisheries Governance: Organizations and Networks, Formal and Informal
Andrew M. Song, Owen Temby, Gail Krantzberg, and Gordon M. Hickey

8. Continental Counter- Invasion: Invasive Species Management in North America
Debora Vannijnatten and Peter Stoett

9. Transnational Networks and Transboundary Water Governance in the Colorado River Delta
Andrea K. Gerlak

10. Environmentalists, Natu ral Resources, and the Fence on the Mexico Boundary
Stephen P. Mumme and Christopher Brown

Part III: Energy and Climate Change Mitigation

11. The Canadian Oil Sands Policy- Planning Network
George A. Gonzalez

12. U.S.- Mexican Energy Relations: Clean- Energy Integration Falling Behind?
Marcela López- Vallejo

13. Fluid Relations: Hydro Developments, the International Joint Commission, and U.S.- Canadian Border Waters
Daniel Macfarlane

14. U.S.- Canadian Subnational Electricity Relations: Interests, Institutions, and Interactions
Ian H. Rowlands

15. The Case for Continental: Examining the Potential for Climate Change Policy Integration in North America
Mat Huff

16. Reflections and Projections on North American Environmental Governance Research
Peter Stoett and Owen Temby

Contributors
Index

Sujets

• International relations

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 25 juillet 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781438467597
• Langue: English

Extrait

TOWARDS CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY?
SUNY series in Environmental Governance: Local-Regional-Global Interactions
Peter Stoett and Owen Temby, editors
TOWARDS CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY?

North American Transnational Networks and Governance
EDITED BY
Owen Temby and Peter Stoett
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2017 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Production by Westchester Publishing Services
Marketing by Fran Keneston
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Names: Temby, Owen, 1979– editor. | Stoett, Peter J. (Peter John), 1965– editor.
Title: Towards continental environmental policy? : North American transnational networks and governance / edited by Owen Temby and Peter Stoett.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2017] | Series: SUNY series in environmental governance : local-regional-global interactions | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016059170 (print) | LCCN 2017026300 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438467597 (e-book) | ISBN 9781438467573 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Environmental policy—North America—International cooperation. | Environmental management—North America—International cooperation. | Environmental protection—North America—International cooperation.
Classification: LCC GE190.N7 (ebook) | LCC GE190.N7 T69 2017 (print) | DDC 333.7097—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016059170
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Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Foreword
IRASEMA CORONADO
Acknowledgments
1. Research on Transboundary Environmental Governance in North America: New Approaches to Existing and Emerging Challenges
PETER STOETT AND OWEN TEMBY
PART I: Bilateral and Trilateral Institutional Effectiveness
2. Navigating Overlap Management under NAFTA: The Role of the CEC Secretariat
SIKINA JINNAH AND ABBY LINDSAY
3. The CEC, Digital Divides, and Participatory Challenges in the U.S.-Mexican Borderlands
SUZANNE SIMON
4. The Absence of—and Need for—a Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment Agreement between the United States and Canada
OLIVIA COLLINS AND WILLIAM V. KENNEDY
PART II: Biodiversity and Natural Resource Governance
5. The Evolution of Natural Resource Conservation Capacity on the U.S.-Mexican Border: Bilateral and Trilateral Environmental Agreements since La Paz
STEPHEN P. MUMME
6. Biodiversity without Borders? Acknowledging and Overcoming Obstacles in the Transboundary Governance of Endangered Species
ANDREA OLIVE
7. Institutional Features of U.S.-Canadian Transboundary Fisheries Governance: Organizations and Networks, Formal and Informal
ANDREW M. SONG, OWEN TEMBY, GAIL KRANTZBERG, AND GORDON M. HICKEY
8. Continental Counter-Invasion: Invasive Species Management in North America
DEBORA VANNIJNATTEN AND PETER STOETT
9. Transnational Networks and Transboundary Water Governance in the Colorado River Delta
ANDREA K. GERLAK
10. Environmentalists, Natural Resources, and the Fence on the Mexico Boundary
STEPHEN P. MUMME AND CHRISTOPHER BROWN
PART III: Energy and Climate Change Mitigation
11. The Canadian Oil Sands Policy-Planning Network
GEORGE A. GONZALEZ
12. U.S.-Mexican Energy Relations: Clean-Energy Integration Falling Behind?
MARCELA LÓPEZ-VALLEJO
13. Fluid Relations: Hydro Developments, the International Joint Commission, and U.S.-Canadian Border Waters
DANIEL MACFARLANE
14. U.S.-Canadian Subnational Electricity Relations: Interests, Institutions, and Interactions
IAN H. ROWLANDS
15. The Case for Continental: Examining the Potential for Climate Change Policy Integration in North America
MAT HUFF
16. Reflections and Projections on North American Environmental Governance Research
PETER STOETT AND OWEN TEMBY
Contributors
Index
List of Illustrations Figure 2.1 Secretariat Influence Figure 8.1 Functional Intensity Spectrum Figure 9.1 Map of the Colorado River Delta Figure 12.1 Bilateral Programs and Initiatives under CEBA Figure 13.1 Border Waters Covered in This Chapter Figure 13.2 Hudson’s Bay Watershed and Lake Superior Watershed Developments Figure 13.3 Niagara, St. Lawrence, and East Coast Developments Figure 13.4 Pacific Northwest Developments
List of Tables Table 1.1 A Typology of International Environmental Organizations Table 2.1 Commission for Environmental Cooperation Independent Reports Table 2.2 Summary of Results: Secretariat Influence (step 2) Table 4.1 Summary of Four Case Studies Describing Transboundary Disputes between Canada and the United States Table 5.1 Capacity Gains in Natural Resources Management in the 1990s Table 5.2 Capacity Trends in Natural Resources Management in the 2000s Table 6.1 Summary of Existing National Wildlife Legislation and Policy in Canada and the United States by Year and Type Table 6.2 Summary of Institutional, Interest-based and Ideational Factors Impacting Cooperation between Canada and the United States Table 7.1 Institutional Features of U.S.-Canadian Binational Fishery Governance Table 9.1 Network Goals, Strategies, and Related Governance Functions Table 12.1 Clean Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impacts Table 12.2 Main Elements of the Mexican Energy Reform (2013–2014) Table 13.1 Expected Functions of the International Joint Commission Table 16.1 Bilateral and Trilateral Environmental Organizations in North America
Foreword
IRASEMA CORONADO
Can North America move resolutely towards truly continental environmental policy making? That is the central question examined in this informative and intriguing collection of essays on the stewardship of the North American environment.
Owen Temby and Peter Stoett have collected and coordinated contributions by leading scholars on North American environmental policy. This impressive and highly readable compendium highlights the historical antecedents that have led to the development of cross-border initiatives and other forms of environmental cooperation between the three countries. It also cites examples of where the United States, Canada, and Mexico have cooperated bilaterally or trilaterally across a broad range of environmental issues—from water to endangered species, from transborder pollution to concerns about fossils fuels to hopes for a successful continental transition towards clean energy production. If we are to continue to protect our environment and natural resources across North America in a meaningful way, these foundational institutions, policy initiatives, and international agreements can serve as a basis for the vital work we need to do, and urgently.
Thanks to political and economic developments of the past two-and-a-half decades, the North American continent is of a particularly meaningful scale at which to conceive of environmental governance. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which came into effect in 1994, has increasingly integrated the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Broader trade flows, however, have resulted in greater impacts on the North American environment.
Allow me to illustrate this with a personal anecdote. From 2012 to 2015, I had the privilege of serving as executive director of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation. During my tenure, I lived and worked in Montreal. My transition from the U.S.-Mexican border city of El Paso to Canada’s largest French-speaking city broadened my awareness of continental environmental issues. In Montreal, it was an eye-opening experience for me to go the local market and see watermelons imported from Mexico by marketers and shippers of fresh fruits and vegetables headquartered in my hometown of Nogales, Arizona. I understood that this high-quality, fresh produce was being transported from the Valle de Sinaloa, up Mexico’s Federal Highway 15, to Nogales, Sonora, where, after waiting for hours to cross the border into the United States, they were trucked northward more than 4,000 kilometers to reach the market in Montreal. While it was great to have access to fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in the depth of Montreal’s impressive winter, the environmental impact of that type of journey alone is significant because it produces a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This kind of economic integration has encroached into other key North American supply chains, such as the one for automotive parts and vehicles, and this too has an impact on the environment.
Fortunately, there is much to learn from the accomplishments of binational and trinational cooperation. For example, the International Boundary and Water Commission and its Mexican counterpart, the Comision Internacional de Limites y Aguas, on the U.S.-Mexican border, and the International Joint Commission, which helps Canada and the United States prevent disputes over their transboundary waters, are institutions that have helped us address issues related to the allocation of water across borders. Yet they still do not fully address environmental issues related to groundwater. Several other transboundary envi