Commentary on Exodus

Elaine Phillips

Description

Comprehensive, accessible, and fully illustrated--this commentary on Exodus is a must-have resource.You want a deeper understanding of the Scriptures, but the notes in your study Bible don't give you enough depth or insight. This commentary was created with you in mind.Each volume of The Baker Illustrated Bible Commentary is a nontechnical, section-by-section commentary on one book or section of the Bible that provides reliable and readable interpretations of the Scriptures from leading evangelical scholars. This information-packed commentary will help you gain a deeper understanding of the Bible in your own personal study or in preparation for teaching. It tackles problematic questions, calls attention to the spiritual and personal aspects of the biblical message, and brings out important points of biblical theology, making it invaluable to anyone seeking to get the most out of their Bible study.

Informations

• Publié par: Baker Publishing Group
• Date de parution: 01 octobre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781493424405
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
© 2012 by Baker Publishing Group
Published by Baker Books
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakerbooks.com
Ebook short created 2019
Previously published in The Baker Illustrated Bible Commentary edited by Gary M. Burge and Andrew E. Hill in 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
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ISBN 978-1-4934-2440-5
Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com. The “NIV” and “New International Version” are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.™
Scripture quotations labeled ESV from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2007
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Scripture quotations labeled NJPS are from the New Jewish Publication Society Version © 1985 by The Jewish Publication Society. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NKJV are from the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NLT are from the Holy Bible , New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Abbreviations
Introduction
Commentary

1. From Bondage to Freedom (1:1–15:21)
A. Connection with the Past (1:1–7)
B. Oppression of Israel (1:8–22)
C. Birth, Preservation, and Preparation of Moses (2:1–25)
D. Moses’s Call and Commissioning (3:1–4:17)
E. Return to Egypt (4:18–31)
F. God of Israel versus the Gods of Egypt: The Initial Request (5:1–6:1)
G. Covenant Lord and His Ministers (6:2–30)
H. Moses and Aaron Confront Pharaoh (7:1–13)
I. Nine Plagues (7:14–10:29)
J. Warning of the Tenth Plague (11:1–10)
K. Instructions for Passover (12:1–28)
L. Tenth Plague and Departure of Israel (12:29–42)
M. Instructions for Commemoration (12:43–13:16)
N. Deliverance at the Sea (13:17–14:31)
O. Song of Victory (15:1–21)
2. Tests in the Wilderness (15:22–18:27)
A. Bitter Waters (15:22–27)
B. Threat of Starvation (16:1–36)
C. Thirst in the Desert (17:1–7)
D. Attack from Enemies (17:8–16)
E. Reuniting with Family (18:1–12)
F. Settling Disputes (18:13–27)
3. Covenant at Sinai (19:1–24:18)
A. Preparations to Receive the Covenant (19:1–25)
B. Ten Commandments and the People’s Response (20:1–26)
C. Covenant Stipulations (21:1–23:19)
D. Preparing the Way to the Land (23:20–33)
E. Covenant Ratification (24:1–18)
4. Instructions for Sanctuary and Priesthood (25:1–31:18)
A. Contributions (25:1–9)
B. Ark of the Covenant (25:10–22)
C. Table and Lampstand (25:23–40)
D. Tabernacle (26:1–37)
E. Altar and Courtyard (27:1–21)
F. Priestly Attire (28:1–43)
G. Consecration of Priests (29:1–46)
H. Incense Altar, Half-Shekel Contribution, Wash Basin, Oil, and Incense (30:1–38)
I. Spirit-Filled Artisans (31:1–11)
J. Sign of the Covenant (31:12–18)
5. Apostasy at Sinai (32:1–34:35)
A. The Golden Calf (32:1–29)
B. Moses Intercedes for the People (32:30–33:17)
C. Revelation of God’s Glory (33:18–34:9)
D. Restating the Covenant (34:10–35)
6. Assurance of God’s Presence (35:1–40:38)
A. Sabbath (35:1–3)
B. Establishing the Tabernacle (35:4–40:38)
Timelines
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Abbreviations ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament . Edited by J. B. Pritchard. 3rd ed. Princeton, 1969 BDAG Bauer, W., F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago, 1999 ca. circa (about, approximately) cf. compare chap(s). chapter(s) COS The Context of Scripture . Edited by W. W. Hallo. 3 vols. Leiden, 1997– e.g. for example ESV English Standard Version HALOT Koehler, L., W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Translated and edited under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden, 1994–2000 HCSB Holman Christian Standard Bible i.e. that is KJV King James Version NASB New American Standard Bible NEB New English Bible NET New English Translation NIV New International Version (2011 edition) NIV 1984 New International Version (1984 edition) NJB New Jerusalem Bible NJPS The Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation according to the Traditional Hebrew Text NKJV New King James Version NLT New Living Translation NRSV New Revised Standard Version RSV Revised Standard Version TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament . Edited by G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren. Translated by J. T. Willis, G. W. Bromiley, and D. E. Green. 8 vols. Grand Rapids, 1974– TNIV Today’s New International Version
Exodus
Elaine Phillips
Introduction
The book of Exodus reports the most dramatic events in the Hebrew Bible. After the Israelites spent 430 years in Egypt (Exod. 12:40) God delivered his people from oppression, brought them into the bonds of covenant relationship at Mount Sinai, and established his sanctuary in their midst. The exodus was a foreshadowing of the deliverance from the bondage of sin accomplished by the atoning death of Jesus Christ as the Passover lamb (1 Cor. 5:7; 1 Pet. 1:18–19).
Title
The Hebrew title of the book, Shemot (“names”), is based on the first key word of the text. It refers to the names of the children of Israel who went down to Egypt, and it establishes continuity, in spite of the centuries of intervening silence, with the events that closed Genesis. The English title, Exodus, comes from the Greek Septuagint title and addresses the theme of the first part of the book.

Date and Historicity
The historicity of the exodus has prompted extensive scholarly debate, accessible in standard texts on the history of Israel. The following commentary is written from the perspective that the exodus was a historical event during which the Israelites were freed from their bondage to Pharaoh in Egypt. That there is no mention of the event in the Egyptian sources is not surprising; temple inscriptions were designed as positive propaganda, reminding the deity that the pharaoh had ruled well. The devastation of the country and the stunning defeat of the Egyptian army demonstrated the opposite. In addition, written words were viewed as magically powerful; an event might repeatedly recur if committed to writing. The reverse was also true; if something was not written down, it was as if it had never happened. Finally, the mud flats of the delta regions are far from ideal for preserving buildings, let alone documents. From the perspective of Israelite historiography, it is unlikely that later writers would concoct such a humiliating narrative if it were not true.
There are two positions regarding the date of the exodus, each having significant supporting data as well as unanswered questions. The early date, primarily based on 1 Kings 6:1, is 1446 BC, placing the exodus during the eighteenth dynasty. According to Exodus 2:23 the ruling pharaoh died shortly before the exodus. In fact, the eighteenth dynasty’s Thutmose III died circa 1450 BC. If the exodus occurred in 1446 BC, Amenhotep II (1450–1426) was pharaoh at the time. Thutmose III’s immediate predecessor was Hatshepsut, a formidable woman who was both the wife and half sister of Thutmose II. She coreigned with Thutmose III for a period of time and exercised considerable power in Egypt. Hatshepsut’s character could fit the biblical picture of the daughter of Pharaoh who rescued Moses. Akhnaton (Amenhotep IV), a late eighteenth-dynasty pharaoh, briefly championed a form of monotheistic worship of the sun. If the effects of God’s miraculous work on behalf of Israel had an impact in Egypt as it had on the nations around (Exod. 18:1; Josh. 2:10; 1 Sam. 4:8), perhaps the brief turn away from polytheism was one of them.
The late date locates the event in the middle of the thirteenth century BC. New Kingdom palaces and temples had storage facilities associated with them, perhaps the focus of the Israelites’ labor at Pithom and Rameses (Exod. 1:11). The name Rameses does not occur in dynastic lists until the nineteenth dynasty, and Rameses II (1290–1224) was recognize