Summary of John Barratt's Armada 1588

Everest Media

Description

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 The Tudor dynasty maintained friendly relations with Spain, but when Henry VIII divorced his Spanish wife, Catherine of Aragon, and in defiance of the pope established the Church of England with himself as its head, relations between England and Spain became strained.
#2 The relationship between England and Spain grew cooler during the half-hearted proposals that Philip marry Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. However, the situation changed gradually.
#3 By the 1560s, Philip II was ruler of a vast empire, including Spain, Naples, Sicily, the East Indies, possessions in the Americas and the Netherlands. The Spanish economy was increasingly dependent on the resources of her New World settlements, particularly their gold and silver.
#4 The attack on Hawkins was a major embarrassment for Elizabeth, and she had to respond. The subsequent uproar in England forced her to retaliate. She seized Spanish ships carrying 160,000 ducats, intended as pay for the Spanish Army of Flanders, and gave some indirect aid to the Dutch by seizing their ships.

Sujets

• History
• Naval
• Military
• Histoire

Informations

• Publié par: Everest Media LLC
• Date de parution: 03 mai 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781669399421
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Insights on John Barratt's Armada 1588
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3 Insights from Chapter 4 Insights from Chapter 5 Insights from Chapter 6
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The Tudor dynasty maintained friendly relations with Spain, but when Henry VIII divorced his Spanish wife, Catherine of Aragon, and in defiance of the pope established the Church of England with himself as its head, relations between England and Spain became strained.

#2

The relationship between England and Spain grew cooler during the half-hearted proposals that Philip marry Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. However, the situation changed gradually.

#3

By the 1560s, Philip II was ruler of a vast empire, including Spain, Naples, Sicily, the East Indies, possessions in the Americas and the Netherlands. The Spanish economy was increasingly dependent on the resources of her New World settlements, particularly their gold and silver.

#4

The attack on Hawkins was a major embarrassment for Elizabeth, and she had to respond. The subsequent uproar in England forced her to retaliate. She seized Spanish ships carrying 160,000 ducats, intended as pay for the Spanish Army of Flanders, and gave some indirect aid to the Dutch by seizing their ships.

#5

The exploits of Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh, and other Elizabethan seadogs on the Spanish Main are often seen as one of the more romantic aspects of the Anglo-Spanish war. But the reality was often different. The legal definitions of a privateer and a pirate became blurred, as they were often given a free hand by Elizabeth.

#6

The war with Spain did significant damage to the Spanish economy, but it also did damage to English shipping. In the following years, Mary, Queen of Scots, was deposed by a group of Protestant Scottish nobles and took refuge in England.

#7

Elizabeth’s sea dogs were becoming more bold. In 1577, Francis Drake carried out his epic circumnavigation of the globe, attacking Spanish shipping and settlements. In the same year, Spanish ships under an experienced commander, Juan Martinez de Recalde, landed Spanish and Papal volunteers at Smerwick in Ireland to support an Irish uprising against English rule. The invaders were defeated and massacred.

#8

In 1580, Philip expanded his power when he annexed Portugal. As well as its overseas empire, he gained control of the major Atlantic port of Lisbon and the small but powerful Portuguese fleet.

#9

The Battle of São Miguel demonstrated that the English sailors could be defeated, and for the first time, Philip began to consider an invasion of England. He delegated the task of planning the invasion to Santa Cruz.

#10

In 1585, the English queen signed the Treaty of Nonesuch with the rebel Dutch provinces, by which she was bound to supply financial assistance and the support of a 7,000-strong English army under the Earl of Leicester.

#11

The plans for an invasion of England were now moving ahead more rapidly. Santa Cruz’s original proposals had demanded a massive fleet of over 500 ships, carrying almost 100,000 men, including 65,000 soldiers. This expedition, which would have operated independently from Parma’s Army of Flanders, was clearly beyond Spanish resources.

#12

By early April, English reports suggested that around sixty ships were gathered at Cadiz, and Elizabeth’s leading sailors asked her to allow a preemptive strike against them. The attack on Cadiz ensured that the Armada would not sail that year.

#13

The Spanish plan was to assemble a fleet of ships in the English Channel and transport them to Ireland, where they would attack and take control of the country. However, it was clear that with the ships he had, Medina Sidonia would not be able to do this alone.

#14

The plan that evolved in the early months of 1588 envisioned the Armada making its way up-Channel, making a rendezvous with Parma, and escorting his barges to their landing point between Dover and Margate. Then, reinforced by 9,000 of Medina Sidonia’s troops, Parma’s invasion force would march swiftly on London.

#15

The Spanish strategy was flawed, and the pope did not agree with it. Philip did not alert Medina Sidonia to the discrepancy, and instead convinced himself that God would provide a solution.