Summary of Walter R. Borneman's The French and Indian War

Everest Media

Description

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended the war between Europe’s powers, but did not resolve the geopolitical realities of the new world order. The playing field was no longer just Europe, but the entire world.
#2 The French began claiming parts of North America in 1682, and by 1700, France had claim to the lion’s share of the continent. The English had a narrow strip of land between the Atlantic coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
#3 The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between Louis XIV of France and Spain’s Philip V over who would inherit the Spanish throne. It was called the War of the Grand Alliance in North America, and the War of Queen Anne’s War in Europe.
#4 The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 kept any one empire from dominating Europe, and England became the sea power. France was allowed to keep Louisbourg and Cape Breton Island, and build Fort Saint Frédéric on Lake Champlain south of Montreal.

Sujets

• US
• History
• United States
• Colonial Period
• Histoire

Informations

• Publié par: Everest Media LLC
• Date de parution: 11 mai 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9798822503694
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Insights on Walter R. Borneman's The French and Indian War
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended the war between Europe’s powers, but did not resolve the geopolitical realities of the new world order. The playing field was no longer just Europe, but the entire world.

#2

The French began claiming parts of North America in 1682, and by 1700, France had claim to the lion’s share of the continent. The English had a narrow strip of land between the Atlantic coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

#3

The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between Louis XIV of France and Spain’s Philip V over who would inherit the Spanish throne. It was called the War of the Grand Alliance in North America, and the War of Queen Anne’s War in Europe.

#4

The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 kept any one empire from dominating Europe, and England became the sea power. France was allowed to keep Louisbourg and Cape Breton Island, and build Fort Saint Frédéric on Lake Champlain south of Montreal.

#5

The War of the Austrian Succession was a conflict between Austria and Prussia over the throne of Austria, which was not vacant. It was called King George’s War in North America after George II, the second of the Hanovers to rule Great Britain.

#6

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 was not a call to peace, but a warning to prepare for another, inevitable war. It did not resolve the geopolitical realities of colliding frontiers, and the four most important signatories would all be around the next time.

#7

The French and English colonies were still heavily surrounded by French territory after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The English colonies were beginning to overflow the Appalachians, which had once dammed their expansion.

#8

The Iroquois Confederacy was generally agreeable to advantageous trading relations with both the French and the English. However, they were constantly wooed by both, and they often resisted European encroachments that had an air of permanency.

#9

Céloron’s expedition reached the Indian village of Chiningué, which was located at the mouth of the Great Miami River just west of present-day Cincinnati. Here, they buried six plates, which asserted that France’s right to this land had been maintained by arms and treaties.

#10

The French were very alarmed by the English advances in the Ohio Valley. In 1753, the new French governor, the marquis de Duquesne, ordered Paul Marin de la Malgue to build a new string of forts that would tighten New France’s frontier along the upper Ohio.

#11

The French advance down the Allegheny was halted by a general malady of assorted fevers, scurvy, and exhaustion combined with the approach of winter. By fall, of the more than 2,000 men who had begun the campaign, only 800 were fit for duty.

#12

Washington traveled to the Ohio Company’s trading post at Wills Creek on the upper reaches of the Potomac River. He was not impressed by the site, and thought it was not well situated for a fort.

#13

On December 7, Washington arrived at Fort Le Boeuf. The journey had taken four days, and he was greeted by Captain Jacques Legardeur de Saint Pierre, who had been posted there only a week.

#14

Washington reached Venango, Pennsylvania, and then traveled overland to the forks of the Ohio River. He was expecting the river to be frozen, but it wasn’t. The two men spent the night floating on a raft, and the next morning they were at Fraser’s Monongahela trading post.

#15

Washington’s report was printed and distributed to the Virginia legislature. He apologized for the many imperfections, but he was surprised that his journal would ever be published or even read.

#16

The American colonies were growing uneasy with their French neighbors, and this was especially true in the frontier city of Albany, New York. The Dutch were very particular about their manners, and their descendants still spoke Dutch.

#17

In June 1754, there were important visitors arriving in Albany. The British had recently announced an appropriation for presents for the Six Nations, and the governor of New York was to convene a conference with their representatives to deliver those presents, bury the hatchet, and renew the Covenant Chain.

#18

The French were also aware that the English were planning to take over the entire continent solely for their own purposes. As a result, the French began to plot with the Indians to attack the English.

#19

The New England Confederation avoided war with the Dutch in the Hudson Valley by negotiating a treaty with Peter Stuyvesant in 1650. In 1675, the confederation unanimously declared war against the Wampanoag in King Philip’s War.

#20

The Albany Conference was held on June 19, 1754, and was attended by 23 delegates from 7 different colonies. They discussed the encroachment of French and Indian traders onto Indian lands, as well as the lack of action taken by the British colonies to stop it.

#21

The delegates proceeded to assure the Iroquois that the English valued the Covenant Chain, but they also purchased a huge tract of land west of the Susquehanna River from the Iroquois for 400 pounds.

#22

The delegates at Albany voted to form a plan of Union of the Colonies by Act of Parliament, and they carried home copies of the plan to their respective colonial assemblies for ratification. It was a very prophetic and prescient document.

#23

The grand council was to meet in Philadelphia and was to be presided over by a speaker chosen by the members. It was to have the power to raise and pay soldiers, build forts, and equip vessels to protect the trade on the ocean, lakes, or great rivers.

#24

The colonies were very different from each other, and did not agree with the plan Franklin presented at Albany. They did not adopt it, as they all thought there was too much royal prerogative in it.

#25

The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States, and it was ratified in 1777. It held each state resolutely sovereign except for certain limited powers expressly delegated to Congress.

#26

The Battle of the Monongahela in 1755 was the result of Edward Braddock’s plan to secure the expanding borders of King George’s North American colonies. It has been debated whether he was up to the task, as he was short in stature, of ample girth, and age sixty by any standard of the time.

#27

The British planned to attack the French frontier at four different locations, and the duke of Newcastle, who was in charge of the British government, sensed a lack of popular support for the war. He said, ignorant people say what is the Ohio to us, and how much expense is there likely to be about it.