Climate Change

Josh Sneideman, Erin Twamley

Description

Skipping Stones 2021 Honors Award Winner!A book about climate change for middle readers who want to learn the science behind a warming planet and make a difference for their own future! What's causing extreme weather around the globe? Why are some species rapidly dwindling in number? And what does the future hold for planet Earth?In Climate Change: The Science Behind Melting Glaciers and Warming Oceans with Hands-On Science Activities, students ages 9 to 12 take a deep dive into the science behind the changing climate in order to best contribute to the methods underway to solve the problem of a rapidly changing planet-and think up new solutions! Essential questions, cool facts, and links to online primary sources and other relevant material make complex concepts easier to understand. This book is rich in text-to-self and text-to-world connections, along with hands-on science and critical creative-thinking exercises designed to explore the research being done to combat this global problem and encourage kids to find new solutions! This title has been revised and updated to reflect 2020 educational standards and incorporate new scientific discoveries! How do we know the climate is changing? By looking at the science from the past 200 years or so, all of which points to the fact that humans have had an adverse impact on the health of the planet, and this impact is great enough to affect many different ecosystems, living species, and the human species itself. The study of planetary science, arctic ice bubbles, coral reefs, and more all contribute to the wealth of knowledge we are gaining, knowledge that can be used in the science and engineering innovations underway around the world to address global climate change. Focused on a proactive approach to environmental education, Climate Change engages readers through hands-on activities, such as building a solar pizza oven, along with stories of people, including kids, who are making a positive environmental difference. About the Build It Science set and Nomad PressClimate Change is part of a set of four Build It Science books that explore accessible science. The other titles in this set are Fairground Physics, Backyard Biology, and Kitchen Chemistry. Nomad Press books in the Build It series integrate content with participation. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.All books are leveled for Guided Reading level and Lexile and align with Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards. All titles are available in paperback, hardcover, and ebook formats.

Informations

• Publié par: Nomad Press
• Date de parution: 15 avril 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781619308985
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 71 Mo

Extrait

CLIMATE CHANGE The Science Behind Melting Glaciers and Warming Oceans with HandsOn Science Activities

Joshua Sneideman and Erin Twamley Illustrated by Alexis Cornell

CLIMATE CHANGE The Science Behind Melting Glaciers and Warming Oceans with HandsOn Science Activities

Joshua Sneideman and Erin Twamley Illustrated by Alexis Cornell

Titles in theBuild It Yourself Accessible ScienceSet

Check out more titles at www.nomadpress.net

ïn memory o my ovîng ater, Harvey Sneîdeman. Joshua Sneideman

For Ea and Noa, may you îve în a green word were scîence and a îvîng tîngs trîve. Erin Twamley

Nomad Press A division of Nomad Communications 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright © 2020 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review orfor limited educational use. The trademark “Nomad Press” and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.

Educational Consultant, Marla Conn Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to Nomad Press 2456 Christian St., White River Junction, VT 05001 www.nomadpress.net Printed in the United States.

CONTENTS

Timeline . . . iv

Introduction Welcome to Spaceship Earth . . . 1

Chapter 1 Goldilocks and the Three Planets . . . 10

Chapter 2 Source of Life: the Sun . . . 24

Chapter 3 The Power of Greenhouse Gases . . . 42

Chapter 4 Examine an Ancient Climate . . . 56

Chapter 5 Earth Has a Fever . . . 74

Chapter 6 Decide the Future of Planet Earth . . . 90

Glossary  Metric Conversions Resources  Essential Questions  Index

Interested in Primary Sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens. You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page. If the QR code doesn’t work, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources. climate change

v i

CLIMATE CHANGE TIMELINE

2000 BCE:The Chinese first use coal as an energy source.

1754:Joseph Black discovers carbon dioxide.

1774:Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen.

1781:The stagecoach is the worldwide standard for passenger travel.

1800:Homes consume most of America’s energy.

1856:The first scientific paper on climate change is published by Eunice Foote.

1858:The first successful oil well in North America is established in Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada.

1882:The first hydroelectric dam is built by Thomas Edison near Niagara Falls in New York.

1883:The first solar cell is developed.

1890:The mass production of automobiles begins, creating a larger demand for gasoline.

1958:Scientists begin collecting data for carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere in Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

1958:Scientists publicly state that rising carbon dioxide levels from factories and automobiles are causing the atmosphere to warm, which is melting the polar ice caps and leading sea levels to rise.

1970:The first Earth Day is held in the United States on April 22.

TIMELINE

1970:The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is created to implement federal laws that protect the environment.

1979:The first solar panels are installed on the White House.

1991:The first offshore wind farm is built in Europe.

1992:The Energy Star label is introduced to identify energyefficient appliances.

2013:Nearly 21.7 percent of electricity generated worldwide comes from noncarbon sources.

2016:Carbon dioxide measurements in the atmosphere pass 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in human history.

2017:In reaction to President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement on climate, more than 3,800 leaders from businesses, local governments, schools, and more pledge to continue climate action.

2018:Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg first goes on a school strike to protest lack of government action on the climate crisis. Her movement eventually goes global and includes 1 million strikers.

2019:The world’s population reaches 7.7 billion.

2019:Solar energy systems are located on more than 5,000 K–12 schools in the United States.

August 2019:Iceland holds the first funeral for a glacier lost due to climate change.

v i i

WELCOME TO

Introduction

SPACESHIP EARTH

Imagîne our planet as a spacesîp orbîtîng te sun în space. Just as a spacesîp carrîes everytîng astronauts need to survîve and trîve, our Spacesîp Eart provîdes us wît all te necessîtîes or lîe on our planet. Welcome aboard Spacesîp Eart!

Wen you watc a spacesîp take of or ook at potos o îe însîde a spacecrat, ît’s easy to see tat te spacesîp’s passengers ave to carry everytîng tey need wît tem, încudîng enoug ood, water, and ue to ast te entîre lîgt. here are no grocery stores or gas statîons în space! he sîp NTIAL QUESTION aso as to ave systems to contro bot te s it important to track temperature and te quaîty o te aîr, wîc or long periods of time ave to be just rîgt or te astronauts to d of short periods of time? survîve.

ESSE

Why i data f instea

1

WORDS TO KNOW

environment:everything in nature, living and nonliving, including plants, animals, soil, rocks, and water. climate:the average weather conditions of a region during a long period of time. These conditions include temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, winds, sunshine, and cloudiness. habitable:capable of supporting life. climate change:a change in global climate patterns. In the twentieth century and beyond, climate change refers to the dramatic warming of the planet caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere primarily resulting from human activity. fossil fuels:a source of energy that comes from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. These include coal, oil, and natural gas. migration:the movement of a large group of animals, such as birds, due to changes in the environment. natural resource:a material or substance such as gold, wood, and water that occurs in nature and is valuable to humans. carbon dioxide (CO ) :a 2 combination of carbon and oxygen that is formed by the burning of fossil fuels, the rotting of plants and animals, and the breathing out of animals or humans. atmosphere:the mixture of gases surrounding a planet.

2

CLIMATE CHANGE

By tînkîng o Eart as a spacesîp, you can begîn to see ow împortant ît îs to ave res water to drînk and cean aîr to breate. here’s absoutey nowere ese we can Ind tese essentîa tîngs.

Our environment and our climate keep our ome habitable . Weter you îve în ot, dry New Mexîco or coo, raîny Oregon, you depend on te eart’s systems to contro te cîmate’s deîcate baance.

Most o te eart’s systems are powered by te sun. he wînd and water cyces brîng raîn tat reIs our reswater sources wîe recycîng te eart’s res aîr suppy.

When large changes occur to the earth’s systems, our CLIMATE planet may experience CHANGE . Climate change WORLDWIDE is the shift in the earth’s WEATHER PATTERNS in response to FOSSIL FUELS burning .

Have you notîced dîferent weater patterns were you îve? Have you eard în te news tat storms are stronger and more requent tan tey used to be? We experîence cîmate cange în many orms, rom sorter wînters and onger summers to canges în raîna patterns and anîma migration routes.

A o te eart’s înabîtants ave to adapt to te împact o cîmate cange. Many scîentîsts and cîtîzens are workîng togeter to Ind soutîons to te probems o our cangîng panet.